"Phạm Tử - Ngọc Hoa" một truyện thơ Nôm Tày đặc sắc

"PHA M TU - NGQ C tiQA"

M O T TRUYE N TH O NO M TA Y DA C SA C

• • •

Q ThS. PHAM QUOC TUAN*

1. Trong nen van hpc trung dpi Viet Nam,

truyen Norn Id mpt the loai lan, dong vai tro trung

tdm cua cd mpt giai doan vdn hpc. Tuy nhien,

trong khi truyen tha Norn cua nguai Kinh duac

quan tdm nghien cuu khd nhieu thi nhung cong

trinh nghien cuu ve truyen tha Ndm cua ngudi

Tdy qua it - du cung ra ddi trong thdi ki ndy. Vi

vdy, hieu biet cua da so gidi nghien cuu hien

nay ve vdn hoc ddn tdc Tdy thdi trung dqi ndi

chung vd truyen tha Ndm Tdy ndi rieng cdn rdt

khiem ton. Nguyen nhdn chu yeu cua thuc trqng

ndy Id ngudi nghien cuu khd cd the vugt qua rao

can ve van hoa va ngdn ngu (cd ndi vd viet) cua

ddn tdc Tdy neu khdng phdi tri thuc bdn tdc (vd

nguqc Iqi, tri thuc bdn tdc trong khi cd duqc

nhung thudn Iqi tren Iqi thieu hay it duqc trang bj

kien thuc ve mat li ludn).

Ben canh dd, cdc nhd nghien cuu thudng dua

vdo cdc vdn bdn dd duqc djch sang tieng Viet de

tim hieu ve truyen tha Ndm Tdy. Tuy nhien, con

sd cdc tdc phd'm dd duac dich lai khdng nhieu -

chi 16/60 cudn (theo PGS.TS. Vu Anh Tuan).

Duang nhien, cdc ket qua nghien cuu chdc chdn

cdn ton tqi nhung bdt cap bdi cd tdi 44 cudn cdn

chua duqc gidi md. Nhung trong hodn canh hien

tqi, du khdng mudn, song gidi nghien cuu ddnh

phai chdp nhdn vd hq se bd sung, chinh li theo

thdi gian nhung ket qua dd cdng bd.

2. Trong kho tdng truyen tha Ndm Tdy cd mdt

hien tuqng rdt ddng chu y, dd Id mdt sd tdc phd'm

cd cung cot truyen vdi truyen tha Ndm Kinh. Tdt

cd so truyen tha ndy deu chua duqc djch sang

tieng Viet (vd cung chua duqc djch sang tieng

Tdy). Trong qua trinh nghien cuu, chiing tdi dd

suu tdm, dich thudt vd hieu dinh tu nguyen bdn

chu Ndm Tdy sang tieng Viet 3 tdc phd'm: Td'ng

Tdn - Cue Hoa (3002 cdu tha), Pham Tu - Ngoc

Hoa (927 cdu tha), Thgch Sanh (2005 cdu tha).

Day Id cdng viec thuc su cd y nghia khoa hoc vd

thuc tien, bdi trudc het gdp phdn gidi quyet phdn

ndo buc xuc ve vdn de van bdn vd han the se

giup ngudi nghien cuu cd the dua ra nhung ket

ludn khoa hoc khdch quan vd chinh xdc han.

Bdi viet ndy xin gidi thieu vd dua ra mdt vdi

nhdn djnh budc ddu ve cudn Phgm Tu - Nggc

Hoa, mdt tdc phd'm cd gid trj nqi dung vd dqc

biet Id ve mat nghe thudt, cung mong Id mot ddng

gdp giup GV dqy vdn d cdc trudng mien nui

phia Bde hieu sdu han ve truyen tha Ndm Tdy khi

gidng dqy phdn Van hgc tu chgn 6 dja phuang.

1) Ve hinh thuc van ban: Truyen tha ndy viet

bdng chu Ndm Tdy hien duqc luu giu trong thu

vien Vien Nghien cuu Hdn Ndm; gdm 52 trang,

khd 14 x 25 cm. Bia Idm bdng giay gid phet cdy

mdu ndu nhat. Phdn trong cua sach duqc viet tren

chdt lieu gidy gid thd, den. Chu chdn phuang,

cham cdu bdng san dd. Sach khdng ghi thdi gian

sdng tdc, sao chep hay ngudi sao chep.

2) Ngi dung cdu chuyen: Truyen gdm 927

cdu, chia Idm 5 doan; mach truyen Id mdt chudi

cdc su kien dien ra theo trdt tu thdi gian tuyen

tinh. Cu the:

- Doan 1 (58 cdu) ke ve thdn the, gia canh

cua ndng Ngqc Hoa. Nhd tudng cdng hq Trdn d

xu Hd Ddng tuy giau cd song vq chdng dd gid

cd md chua cd con. Thuang hodn canh cua hq,

due Phdt cho mdt ddng nu ten goi Kim Chuang

gidng trdn ddu thai Idm con nhd hq Trdn. Tu luc

mdi sinh, ndng dd cd ve dep la thudng: «Man

nguyetsinh luc ndng mi nu/Man nguyetsinh thieu

nu nhu hoa/Hinh dung ngdi midc tua dao ban/

Dung nhan tua sao trdi tod sdng". Len mudi ba

tudi, ndng dd trd thdnh trang tuyet the giai nhdn:

«Nhan sdc ngdi net na yeu dieu/Nhan sac xem

net na yeu dieu/Sip sam pi xdo dieu khdn

ngoan/Len mudi baxdo dieu khdn ngoan" Ndng

nhu bdng hoa «vdc vien"cua rung nui, bdi the,

cd rdt nhieu ngudi den dam hdi ndng ve Idm vq.

Trong so dd, cd ngudi Id cdng tu con quan, Iqi

* Trifling Bai hpc sirpham - 8H Thai Nguyen

Tap chi Giao due so 234 pa a - 3/201 o>