Nghiên cứu Stress ở các bậc cha mẹ có con mắc hội chứng tự kỉ

KGHIESIS CiJI ] SB¥IIESSS

ir cnc Bdc CHI) mc cd con mnc HOI CHirne TIT Hi

O TtiS. NGUYEN THI MAI HL/ONG*

Xd hpi ngdy cdng phdt Irien thi sue khde tdm

than cuo con ngudi ngdy cdng ndy sinh nhleu

ydn de nhu stress, trdm cdm, lo du... Cung

v6l sy phdt triln do cOo xd hgi, hdi ehung ty ki

(HCTK) cung dong ngdy cdng gio tdng md ddl

hjpng cho ydu Id trd em. Cdc bde cho me khi bilt

con minh mdc HCTK vd hilu mgt dil u ddy Id edn

b$nh chua cd cdch ndo chua trj tridt de, hg dd

phdl trdi qua rd't nhilu cung bdc edm xuc khde

nhau, phdn kin trong s^ hg de h\ roi vdo trgng

thdi stress. D l cdc bgc cho m? cd con mdc HCTK

cd duge tdm If cdn bdng, khde mgnh, cd th i giup

do eon minh h-ong qud trinh ehua trj dupc td't

nhdl, phuong phdp h-j lidu bdng Thlln dupe su

dyng vd dem lgi hidu qud khd quan.

1 . Thyc trgng nhdn bil l v l stress vd mue

d $ stress 6 cha me cd con mdc HCTK

1) Tht/c trgng nhdn biit vS stress cOa nhdm

Idtdch thi nghidn cdu. Nhin chung, tdt cd cdc

khdeh th i di u hieu v l sh-ess nhimg cdc cdch hilu

eOo moi cd nhdn Id Wide nhau. Tuy nhiwi cdc

cdch hilu di u dung, vi mdi ngudi nhin nhdn vd'n

d l d nhung khia cgnh khde nhau: cd ih l Id tdm li,

cd ih l Id sinh If hodc cd th i Id benh If. Khia cgnh

quon hpng cdn d l y d ddy Id «sy be tdc" vol mpl

vd'n d l «h; kf khdng cd ibudc chCro, phdl song

chung vdi cdn b^nh dd ed cupc ddl"

2) Tht/c trgng muc d$ stress d cha me cd

con mdc HCTK. Qua philu thdm dd y kiln vd

phdng vdn, chung tol thu dupe kit qud {xem bdng).

Thi/c trgng mdc dg stress d cha me

cd con mdc HCTK

U\KI»

R i l cAng thing

Cing thing

it cAng thing

Tina

TilS

SL

8

19

3

30

26,% 7

63.3

10

100

-mirbtK:

2

1

3

Q-TB

2 24

SD

0601

ag

0000

that sy ehung to phdl quon tdm vi nd'u nhu nhung

ngudi 6 mue dd ndy md khdng cd phuong phdp

gidm stress dung se gdy dnh hudng xdu ta\ chd't

lugng cupc sd'ng vd ddc biet dnh hudng den vide

ehdm sde sue khde eho h-d ty ki, mue dp dung ihu

3 Id «ftedng thdng" cd 3 ngudi (10%).

Nhu vgy, 100% cha me ed con mdc HCTK cdm

nhgn thd'y cd sy cdng thdng trong cude sd'ng d

nhung muc dp khde nhau. Trong do muc dd 2

chilm tf 1^ cao nhd't vd thd'p nhat Id miic dd 3.

Nhin vdo dil m hvng binh (0TB = 2,24), to thdy

mOc dd sh-ess cOo phy huynh ndm h-ong nhdm

mCrc dd 2 vd so sdnh dp lech ehudn Id SD = 0,d01.

Kllm dfnh dg chinh xdc cua tho'ng ke todn hpc

khdng dinh sy chdnh Idch ve ede muc dp Id ed y

nghTa v l m$t thdng kd {Sig = 0,000 < 0,05).

Kit qud nghidn cuu cho thd'y hdu hit cde cho

me cd con mdc HCTK deu roi vdo tinh trpng stress

tu muc dp it di n nhllu. Tuy nhlen, muc dd dd

phy thudc vdo hodn cdnh hjng gio dinh, h>ng dp

hjol cOa h-d vd finh h-gng benh cua hrd.

2. Tliyc trgng v l bieu hidn stress d cha me

cd con mdc HCTK

Khi nghidn cuu v l cdc bilu hidn cuo stress d cho

m^ cd con mdc HCTK, chung tol ed xem xel sy bilu

hien sh-ess trdn hoi binh didn: th i chdt vd tdm li. Kit

qud nghien cuu cho ih^ , tdt cd cdc bilu hien sfress

ve mdt thyc the khi gdp sh-ess d mik dd coo vd khd

coo. Cy thi Id d bleu hien «hoi thd don ddp, khd

thd' (DTB = 2,85), «Mit mdi, uiodi" (0TB = 2,39),

«Khd ngu, nhOc dau, chong mdf (DTB = 2,25}, eon

cdc bieu hi ^ khde DTB d muc thdp.

Bdn cgnh nhung bilu hidn sh-ess ve mdt th i

chd't cdn cd nhijng bleu hien v l mdt tdm It. Cung

gidng vdi cdc bilu hidn v l the chdt, cdc bilu hidn

ve tdm If khi bj stress cdc muc dp khde nhau. Cy

ihl : bil u hidn «de ndng ndy, gian du, thiiu binh

ffnh..." cd DTB coo nhd't (2,18) vd «chdn ndn"

(2,17). Cdn Igi cdc bilu hidn khde nhu «khdng

thd'y cd mt/c dich sd'ng", «suy nghT tieu cue"... 6

mue thd'p hon.

Trong tdng sd 30 khdeh th i nghien cuu ed 19

ngudi (d3,3%) Id thdy minh bi «cdng thdng". Muc

dg ndy chiem ti Id cao nhd't. fli p den Id muc «rd't

cdng thdng" (2d,7%) chilm vj h-f thu hai nhung MSaigfl^Tlwc s*piw« Ha Nfi

Tap chi Glao due so 28 8 <ki a • 6/aoia)