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博 士 学 位 论 文

越南在东南亚运动会竞技实力发展的研究

Research on Vietnam Strength of Competitive Sports in

Southeast Asia Games

院 系： 体育教育训练学院

专 业： 体育教育训练学

姓 名： 阮孟雄

指 导 教 师： 吴贻刚教授

递 交 日 期： 2018 年 6 月 15 日

学位授予单位： 上海体育学院

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论文级别：□硕士 博士

学科专业：体育教育训练学

论文题目：越南在东南亚运动会竞技体育实力发展的研究

作者签名： 指导教师签名：

年 月 日

i

摘要

本研究通过对越南在东南亚运动会竞技实力发展的演变及对比分析， 发现越

南在东南亚运动会发展中存在问题。因此，寻找一种适合越南竞技体育实力的发展

方案，为快速提高越南竞技体育实力的发展，提供参考依据与实用价值，促进越南

在东南亚运动会竞技体育的快速发展。通过对越南在东南亚竞技体育实力发展的历

史文献回顾与整理，梳理越南竞技体育发展的历史沿革和变迁，从而完善和丰富越

南竞技体育实力理论体系。通过对越南竞技体育实力现实发展状况的调查，了解影

响越南竞技体育实力发展的主要因素，为越南体育政府部门实施相关策略提借参考

依据。提高运动员的竞技成绩为证明国家竞技体育实力。通过剖析目前越南竞技体

育实力发展的关系，提出符合越南在东南亚运动会竞技体育实力发展特点的相应对

策与建议，从而为越南竞技体育的水平提高，以及越南体育事业发展水平的整体提

高提供一些参考。 本研究采用文献资料法、访谈法、调查法、比较法、数理统计法

等研究方法。针对越南在东南亚运动会竞技实力运动发展的情况、越南在东南亚运

动会竞技实力的存在问题、影响越南竞技实力运动发展的主要因素等方面研究。本

研究的主要结论与建议如下：

1. 结论：

1:越南在东南亚运动会竞技实力发展趋向为一般和相对较慢。由于影响越南

竞技实力发展的主要原因及障碍较多，因此有必要加强促进寻找越南在东南亚运动

会竞技实力发展新的突破口。

2：近年来，越南竞技体育成绩在各届东南亚体育大会中有所进步。效率波动

从 1.64%到 13.80%。与区域内的其他国家相比，越南运动员参加各届东南亚运动会

的数量排名仅次于泰国、印度尼西亚和马来西亚。

3：在竞技体育发展工作中，越南还存在诸多缺陷，在东南亚运动会参加培训

和比赛时，越南也遇到了诸多限制，上述缺陷使越南的体育成绩与潜力尚未匹配，

缺乏稳定性，尤其是在奥运会的体育项目上。高质量运动员的数量较少，某些阶段

的某些项目出现缺乏后备力量的情况。在洲陆和世界级竞技场的成绩相对靠后而且

不稳定。因此，本论文已提出 18 个对策，同时已检验了可实行，满足了统计学的要

求，以使越南在东南亚运动会竞技实力发展越来越好。

4：通过因子分析，确定了影响越南在各届东南亚运动会竞技实力的 10 个主

要因素中的 41 个子因素。经过一届届东南亚运动会，这些因素的影响力都非常大，

但是调整力度不够明显，以及如何提高越南在竞技实力结构方面的弱点缺陷及不利

影响的措施、对策的建立仍然不完善，不够剧烈。因此，越南在东南亚地区的竞技

实力未有突破性，未能向亚洲和世界延伸。

2. 建议：

越南体育总局每年需要对国家的竞技体育实力进行全面评估，并对东南亚各

国的竞技实力每年进行一次准确的比较，为参加国际体育赛事尤其是东南亚运动会

及亚洲运动会、奥运会取得优异成绩打下坚实的基础。越南体育总局应颁布决定，

将越南在东南亚运动会竞技实力发展对策的应用任务交给越南竞技体育司及国家体

育训练基地，本论文已研究了这些对策并对每一个对策进行了效果的评估。

ii

竞技体育的管理人员以及直接参加东南亚运动会的国家代表队的教练员应克

服影响团队竞技实力发展的不利因素。在国家体育训练基地接受训练的国家运动员

需要清楚地评估自己在东南亚运动会的竞技实力和局限性。从此，努力保持已有的

比赛能力及状态，以便能够在比赛中获得好成绩。

研究人员应继续研究并实证性评估越南在东南亚运动会竞技实力发展，以改

善这些对策，使其越来越符合实际的需要。

关键词：越南；东南亚运动会；竞技实力

iii

ABSTRACT

In this study, through the evolution and comparative analysis of the

development of Vietnam's competitive strength in the Southeast Asian Games, it

was found that Vietnam has problems in the development of the Southeast Asian

Games. Therefore, to find a development plan that is suitable for the strength of

competitive sports in Vietnam, to provide a reference and practical value for the

rapid development of competitive sports in Vietnam, and to promote the rapid

development of Vietnam in the Southeast Asian Games. Through reviewing and

sorting out the historical literature on the development of Vietnam's competitive

strength in Southeast Asia, the historical evolution and changes in the development

of competitive sports in Vietnam have been sorted out to improve and enrich the

theoretical system of competitive sports strength in Vietnam. Through the

investigation of the actual development status of competitive sports strength in

Vietnam, we will understand the main factors affecting the development of

competitive sports strength in Vietnam and provide references for Vietnam’s sports

government departments to implement relevant strategies. Improve athletes' athletic performance to prove the strength of national competitive sports. By

analyzing the current development of competitive sports strength in Vietnam, we

put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions in accordance with

the development characteristics of Vietnam's competitive strength in the Southeast

Asian Games, thus providing some references for the improvement of the level of

competitive sports in Vietnam and the overall improvement of the development

level of Vietnam's sports undertakings. This study uses literature research methods, interview methods, survey

methods, comparative methods, and mathematical statistics methods. The study

focused on Vietnam’s development of the Southeast Asian Games’ athletic

strength movement, the existence of Vietnam’s competitive strength in the

Southeast Asian Games, and the main factors affecting the development of the

competitive sports movement in Vietnam. The main conclusions and

recommendations of this study are as follows:

1. Conclusion:

Firtly, From 1959 to 2017, the Southeast Asian Games will be held in 29

sessions every two years. After the first session, the number of sporting events has

become more diversified than in the first session. The number of sports events

from the first to the 26th session increased to 44. There are also more and more

countries participating in the Games. The number of athletes has also increased

from 518 in the first Games to 5,336 in the 23rd. The total number of national

medals: the highest is Thailand, the total number of medals is 5765; the second is

Indonesia, the total number of medals is 4852; the third is Malaysia, the total

number of medals is 3762; Vietnam ranks sixth, received 2340 medals in total . Vietnam's competitive strength in the Southeast Asian Games has grown to an

iv

average and relatively slow pace. As there are many main reasons and obstacles

that affect the development of competitive strength in Vietnam, it is necessary to

strengthen the search for a new breakthrough for the development of Vietnam's

competitive strength in the Southeast Asian Games. The competitive strength is

reflected in the three indicators of the results of the competition, the number of

participating athletes and the number of participating projects. After the initial

Southeast Asian Games, to the 15th and even the 20th Games, Vietnam’s

performance has been at a relatively low level and ranked low. However, in recent

years Vietnam’s performance and rankings have ranked in the top three countries

in Southeast Asia. By participating in the successive Southeast Asian Games, the

number of participating athletes and participating projects in Vietnam has

increased. The performance of the competition has basically tended to be the top

three in Southeast Asia in recent years. Secondly, In recent years, the achievements of competitive sports in

Vietnam have progressed in the Southeast Asian Games. Among the 11

participating countries in Southeast Asia, Vietnam ranks between 1st and 3rd. In

each session of the Southeast Asian Games, the number of participating projects in

Vietnam ranges from 8 to 37. The efficiency fluctuates from 33.33% to 100.00%. The number of participating projects is second only to Thailand, Indonesia, and

Malaysia; the number of athletes ranges from 46 to 690. The efficiency fluctuates

from 1.64% to 13.80%. Compared with other countries in the region, the number

of Vietnamese athletes participating in the Southeast Asian Games is second only

to Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia. Thirdly, In the development of competitive sports, there are still many

shortcomings in Vietnam. When the Southeast Asian Games participated in

training and competitions, Vietnam also encountered many limitations. The

above-mentioned deficiencies have made Vietnam's sports achievements and

potential not yet matched, and they lack stability. Especially in the sports of the

Olympic Games. The number of high-quality athletes is small, and some projects

in certain stages have a lack of reserve forces. The continent’s and world-class

arenas are relatively backward and unstable. Therefore, this paper has put forward

18 countermeasures, which have been tested and implemented to meet the

requirements of statistics, so that Vietnam's competitive strength in the Southeast

Asian Games will develop better and better. Fourthly, Through factor analysis, 41 sub-factors affecting Vietnam’s 10

major factors affecting the competitiveness of the Southeast Asian Games were

identified. After a session of the Southeast Asian Games, the influence of these

factors is very large, but the adjustment is not obvious enough, and how to improve

the weaknesses and adverse effects of Vietnam's competitive strength structure, and the establishment of countermeasures is still not perfect, not drastic enough. Therefore, Vietnam’s competitive strength in the Southeast Asian region has not

been groundbreaking and has failed to extend to Asia and the world. 2. Suggestions:

v

The General Administration of Sport of Vietnam needs to conduct an

overall assessment of the country’s competitive sports strength each year, and

conducts an accurate comparison of the competitive strengths of Southeast Asian

countries each year, laying a solid foundation for participating in international

sports events, especially the Southeast Asian Games and Asian Games and

Olympic Games. The General Administration of Sport of Vietnam shall promulgate a

decision to hand over the application of Vietnam's strategy for the development of

competitive strengths in the Southeast Asian Games to the Vietnam Athletics

Sports Division and the National Sports Training Base. This paper has studied

these countermeasures and assessed the effectiveness of each of the

countermeasures. The management personnel of competitive sports and the coaches of the

national team who directly participate in the Southeast Asian Games shall

overcome the unfavorable factors that affect the development of the team's

competitive strength. National athletes trained at the national sports training base

need to clearly assess their competitive strengths and limitations at the Southeast

Asian Games. Since then, efforts have been made to maintain the existing ability

and status of the game in order to be able to achieve good results in the game. Researchers should continue to study and empirically evaluate the

development of Vietnam's competitive strength in the Southeast Asian Games in

order to improve these countermeasures and make them more and more realistic. Keywords: Vietnam; Southeast Asian Games; competitive strength

vi

目录

摘要....................................................................................................................................... i

ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................iii

目录..................................................................................................................................... vi

1 前言.............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 问题的提出................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 研究目的与意义.......................................................................................................... 2

1.2.1 研究目的.................................................................................................................. 2

1.2.2 研究意义.................................................................................................................. 2

1.3 研究的主要内容.......................................................................................................... 3

2 文献综述...................................................................................................................... 3

2.1 竞技实力以及竞技实力的相关概念.......................................................................... 3

2.1.1 竞技实力的概念...................................................................................................... 3

2.1.2 实力与潜力的涵义及其关系.................................................................................. 3

2.1.3 潜力与实力的关系及其转化.................................................................................. 3

2.1.4 现实实力与可能实力的关系及转化...................................................................... 4

2.1.5 竞技能力与各概念的关系...................................................................................... 5

2.1.6 竞技状态的概念...................................................................................................... 6

2.1.7 竞技表现的概念...................................................................................................... 7

2.2 国外竞技体育相关问题的研究现状.......................................................................... 7

2.2.1 影响竞技实力指标体系及因素的研究.................................................................. 8

2.2.2 竞技体育的竞技实力比较研究.............................................................................. 8

2.2.3 对区域竞技实力的研究.......................................................................................... 9

2.2.4 关于具体竞技项目的竞技实力研究.................................................................... 10

2.2.5 关于等级项目群体界定的研究............................................................................ 11

2.2.6 关于等级项目群体竞技实力的研究.................................................................... 12

2.3 越南竞技体育实力的研究现状................................................................................ 13

2.3.1 对竞技体育竞争实力评价基础指标的研究........................................................ 13

2.3.2 针对东南亚运项目发展进行分析研究................................................................ 14

2.3.3 实施越南竞技体育东南亚运动会战略的对策研究............................................ 15

3 研究对象与方法........................................................................................................ 16

3.1 研究对象.................................................................................................................... 16

3.2 研究方法.................................................................................................................... 16

3.2.1 文献资料法............................................................................................................. 16

3.2.2 专家访谈法............................................................................................................. 16

3.2.3 问卷调查法............................................................................................................. 17

3.2.4 比较分析法............................................................................................................ 18

3.2.5 数理统计法............................................................................................................. 19

3.3 研究路线.................................................................................................................... 20

4 研究结果.................................................................................................................... 21

4.1 越南在东南亚运动会竞技体育发展现状分析.................................................... 21

4.1.1 东南亚运动会的描述以及越南高水平体育发展历史........................................ 21

4.1.1.1 东南亚运动会形成............................................................................................ 21

4.1.1.2 东南亚运动会历届............................................................................................ 21

4.1.1.3 参加赛会的运动员数量以及比赛项目............................................................ 22