Lễ hội truyền thống ở nước ta

M u a Xuan - Dat nuac T a p ch i Cdn 9 sa n

L E HO I TRUYE N THON G

0 NUOC TA

NGO DUC THINH *

Nhitng nam gan day, trong bci canh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hda vd

hoi nhap qudc te cua nude ta, van hda truyen thdng ndi chung, trong do cd

le hoi truyen thong da duoc phuc hdi vd phat huy, Idm phong phu hon ddi

song van hda cua Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung mat tich cue, tdt

dep trong phuc hdi vd phat huy le hdi cd truyen trong ddi sdng xa hoi

duong dai, cung cdn khdng it ede van de nay sinh khien xd hdi cdn phai

nhin nhdn lai vd tim each gidi quyet de nhitng mat tinh hoa ciia le hdi

truyen thdng duqc day manh vd phat huy, khac phuc "dan ede han che,

tieu cue.

1 - The nao la le ho i truye n thong?

Hien tai a nude ta co nhieu loai le hpi, ben

canh le hoi truyen thong con co le hdi mdi (le

hpi gan voi cac su kien lich sii hien dai, each

mang), le hdi sukien (gan vdi du lich quang ba

du lich, le hpi nhan ky niem nhung nam chan

thanh lap thanh pho, tinh, huyen...)...; trong

do, le hpi truyen thong co so lupng nhieu nhat

(khoang tren 7.000 le hpi Uong tong so gan

9.000 le hpi), pham vi phan bo rpng (ca nong

thdn, do thi, vung nui cac dan tpc), co lich su

lau doi nhat. Ngudi ta cd the phan loai le hdi

truyen thdng theo. thai gian cac mua trong

nam, Uong dd quan trpng nhat la mua xuan,

mua thu (xuan thu nhi ky); phan chia theo

pham vi ldn nhd: Le hdi lang, le hdi vung, le

hdi qudc gia; phan loai theo tinh chdt cua le

hdi: Le hdi nghe nghiep (nong, ngu, nghe

budn ban...), le hdi ton vinh anh hung dan tdc,

ngudi cd cdng vdi que huong, dat nude, le hdi

gan vdi cac ton giao tin ngudng cu the nhu le

hdi cua Phat giao, Ki-td giao, tin ngudng dan

gian... So vdi cac loai le hdi khac, le hdi truyen

thdng mang 3 dac trung co ban sau:

a) Le hdi truyen thdng gan vdi ddi sdng

tdm linh, ton giao tin ngudng, mang tinh

thieng, do vay nd thudc the gidi than linh,

thieng lieng, ddi lap vdi ddi sdng tran gian,

tran tuc. Cd nhieu sinh hoat, trinh dien Uong le

hdi nhin be ngoai la tran tuc, nhu cac ttd vui

choi giai tri, thi tai, cac dien xudng mang tinh

phdn thuc, nen nd mang tinh "tuc", nhung lai

la cai ttan tuc mang tinh phong tuc, nen nd van

thudc ve cai thieng, nhu ton sung sinh thuc khi

ma hdi Trd Uam (Phu Thp) la dien hinh.

b) L l hdi truyin thdng la mdt sinh hoat van

hda mang tinh phuc hop, mdt hien tupng van

hda ddn gian tdng thi, bao gdm gan nhu tit ca

* GS, TS, Vien Khoa hoc Xa hpi va Nhan van qu6c

Uy vien Hpi d6ng Di san van hoa quoc gia

100 S6 820 (thang i nam 2011)