Kinh nghiệm quản lý môi trường đô thị tại Singapore

NHIN RA THE GIOI

Kinh nghiem quan ly moi truang do th[

Dau phai ngau nhien ma Singapore trd thanh mpt quoc dao sach vao bac nhat the gidi, dac biet la moi

trudng dd thj. Chfnh i\i nhOng bai hoc dat gia ve hau qua do sif phat trien cong nghiep manh me lam gia

tang 6 nhilm khong khi, roi chat thai long va chat thai ran lam moi trUdng xudng cap ro ret vao ba bdn thap

k;^ trong the ky trUdc, da lam quo'c dao nay sdm tinh ngp. Khong co con dUdng nao khac la phai tU minh

thuc hien to't cac chUdng trinh bao ve moi trudng. Chien lUdc quan ly moi trudng hgp ly, thUc hien td't ke

hoach hoa viec sif dung da't dai, biet kiem soat ke hoach xay dung va phat trien do thj. Va dieu quan trong

la dac biet chu trong quan ly ha tang cd sd, di doi vdi viec ban hanh luat va kiem tra giao due nghiem ngat.

Chien lifdc quan ly mdl trifdng

hcply

Oe dam bao sg tang trudng kinh

t l va cdng nghiep hoa vdi tdc dp cao,

khdng nhQng can kinh phi eho mdi

trQdng ma edn phai td chQc bd may.

Ngay tQ nhQng nam dau cua thap k^

70 (thi k;^ XX), Singapore da td chQe

Cue Phdng chd'ng d nhiem khdng khi,

d nhilm nude va quan ly chat thai

ran. Tiep dd, hai td chQc nay lai kiem

them trach nhiem kiem scat chat dpc

va xQ ly chung. Chiln lupc bao ve

mdi trudng dd thj cua Singapore gdm

4 thanh phan: phdng ngQa, cQdng

ehi, kiem scat va giao due.

NhQng van d l co ban ve d nhiim

dQpc phdng ngQa thdng qua k l

hoaeh sQ dung da't dai hgp ly, chpn

dja diem cdng nghiep than trpng,

kilm soat gat gao viec phat trien xay

dgng, tang cudng trang bj phudng

tien thu gom va xQ ly chat thai. Mdt

khi da thgc hien bien phap phdng

ngQa thi bat budc kiem tra nghiem

ngat nham dam bao cac phuong tien

thu gom va xQ ly chat thai dugc khai

thac va bao tri hgp ly. Viec kilm soat

thudng xuyen mdi trudng khdng khf

va nudc trong da't liln va nudc bien

cung dugc thgc hien de tilp can cac

chuong trinh kilm tra d nhilm mdi

trudng mpt each day du va ed

hieuqua. Viec thgc hien nhieu chudng

trinh giao due dan chung tham gia

bao ve va quan ly mdi trudng cung la

mpt npi dung quan trpng trong chiln

lupc chung.

Tht/c hien toi ke hoach hoa sif

dung dai dai

d thdi diem dd. Cue Tai phat trien

dd thj thupc Bp Phat trien qud'c gia la

mpt Cd quan lap k l hoach va kiem

scat phat triln Singapore. Co quan

nay chju trach nhiem lap k l hoach

tdng the de ehuan bj eho k l hoach

dai han va phat triln vat chat d qud'e

dao nay. Oat dai sQ dijng vao eac

muc dfch khac nhau phai dugc bao ve

nham thgc hien phat triln xa hpi -

kinh tl ; ddng thdi duy tri mpt mdi

trudng cd chat lugng cao. Viee kilm

soat mdi trudng dugc kit hgp trong

k l hoach sQ dung dat dai, tao dieu

kien chpn vj tri hpp ly cho edng trinh,

hai hoa vdi viec sQ dung dat xung

quanh d l tao nen mpt mdi trudng

lanh manh.

Khi kiem soat mdi trQdng,

thQdng kit hpp xem xet van d l v l IQU

vgc trQ nQdc va chpn dja dilm xay

dgng cdng nghiep. Do vay, da giai

quylt tdt van d l thoat nude chung va

giai quylt thfch dang mau thuan giQa

phat trien khu cdng nghiep va d

nhiim mdi trudng khu dan cu. Oe chf

dao td't viec lap k l hoach sQ dung dat

dai, da phan loai cdng nghiep theo

mQc dp sach, ddng thdi chu y din

viee bd tri cac edng nang tUdng thfch

khac nhu cdng trinh thUdng mai, giai

trf, cdng vien, dudng sa, bai dd xe

ben trong vung dem cua khu cdng

nghiep. Nham giam thieu nhQng nguy

hiem trong viec xQ ly eac chat dpc

hai, da dQa cac nha may sQ dung

nhilu hoa chat ra cac hdn dao khac

hoac bd trf that xa khu da't d.

Kiem scat chat che ke hoach xay

dung va phat then do thj

Khi kiln nghj v l phat trien xay

dgng da dugc duyet va dua vao k l

hoaeh, don vi chij tri ed the bat tay

vao viec de trinh k l hoaeh xay dgng

Q Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng | Ky 1 - Thang 10/2010