Khảo sát tỷ lệ dị tật bẩm sinh mắt tại Bệnh viện mắt thành phố Hồ Chí Minh và tuyến cơ sở

KHAO SAT TY LE Dj TAT BAM SINH MAT

TAI BENH VIEM MA T THANH PHO Hd CHI MINH VA TUYEN Cff SOT

Le D 6 THUY LAN vi cgng si/

Trwimg Dai hgc Y khoa Pham Nggc Th^ch

T6MTAT

M& dau: Dj tit bim sinh mit li mdt tmng cic

nguyin nhin giy mu a tre em. Tren thi gidi cd nhiiu

nghien ciru vi ty lg dj tgt bam sinh mit Tgi Vigt Nam cd

mdt sd nghien cuv ty lg dj tit bim sinh chung, nhung

chwa cd nghien ciru ty lg dj tit mit. Vi vgy, chiing tdi

thgc hi$n nghien cuv niy.

Mgc tieu: Nghien ciru niy nhim xic djnh ty lg dj tgt

bim sinh mit tgi binh vign Mit thinh phd Hd Chi Minh

vi tuyin ea sd, cic yeu td lien quan nguy ea giy dj tgt,

biin chimg mu do dj tit, xiy dung quy trinh chin doin

vi can thigp sdm dj tit trinh mu Ida.

Phuong phip: Nghien ciru md ti cit ngang, mau

ngau nhien tgi bgnh vign Mit thinh phd Hd Chi Minh vi

mau hing logt ca ciia 22 bgnh vign cd chuyen khoa mit

quin huygn thudc thinh phd Hd Chi Minh, tw 2000 -

2009. Dir ligu thu thip H tudi, gidi, nai cw trii, tien sir mg

mang thai, tiin sir gia dinh, chin doin dj tgt mit vi dj

t$t khic di kim. Md ti cic die diem cua ddi twgng

nghien cuv, cic yiu td lien quan nguy ca giy dj tit, cic

biin chimg mil do dj tit.

Ket qui: Tdng sd miu ngiu nhiin thu thip tgi BV.

Mit TP.HCM 10 nim li 2.320 ca; nim 2009 dj tit bam

sinh mit li 162 ca, mau hing logt ca cic bgnh vign

tuyin ca sd li 84. Ty lg dj t$t bim sinh mit tmng sd tri

khim mit ciia cic bgnh vign cd chuyen khoa mit

TP.HCM li 4,7/1.000, ty lg cic yeu td lien quan nguy ca

giy dj tit li 0,82%,, tmng dd dj tit li cd nguy ca di

tmyin cao gip 3 lin; ty 1$ mil qua 10 nim 0,697%, tmng

dd mil do gidcdm bim sinh li 0,61%,; nhwgc thj qua 10

nim 1,66%, tmng dd nhwgc thj do due the thuy tinh bim

sinh li 0,71%, nhwgc thj do sup mi bim sinh li 0,35%,

do li li 0,35%. Viic chin doin vi dieu tri dang phin

cip theo hai tuyin: Binh viin cd chuyin khoa mit quin

huyin thudc thinh phd Hd Chi Minh, Bgnh viin Mit

thinh phd Hd Chi Minh.

Ket lu$n: Nghiin cuv gdp phin vio ty 1$ dj tit bim

sinh chung tmng nwdc, can md rdng nghiin ciru khao

sit ty li dj tit bim sinh mit d tri sa sinh, vi xiy dgng

quy trinh chin doin theo ba cip (trgm y ti, binh vi$n cd

chuyin khoa mit quin huygn, b$nh vign Mit TP.HCM).

Tir khda: dj tit bim sinh mit, mil, nhugc thj, yiu td

nguy ca, due thi thuy tinh bim sinh, gidcdm bim sinh,

sgp mi bim sinh, li.

SUMMARY

The rate of congenital deformaties of the eye on

investigation of HCMC eye hospital and local

hospitals

Objectives: The congenital deformaties of the eye is

one of the causes blindness in the childmn. In the worid,

there were a lot of reseamhs of congenital defomnaties.

In Vietnam, them were some reseamhs about the rate of

the systemic congenital deformaties, none of the rate of

deformaties of the eye. Therefore, we hereby conducted

this study.

P'rpose: This study determines the rate of

cony ... -al deformaties of the eye of HCMC Eye hospital

and local hospitals, the risk factors, consequent of

deformaties of the eye, to establish the process of

diagnosis and eariy intertere to prevent blindness.

Methods: This is descriptive cmss- sectional study,

randomized sample selection of HCMC Eye hospital and

case series of 22 local hospitals in HCMC, fmm 2000 to

2009. Selected data were based on the age, the gender,

residence, maternal history, family history, diagnosis of

deformaties of the eye and combined with other

defomnaties. The descriptions am about the specification

of the patients, risk factors, consequence of deformaties

of the eye.

Results: The data were collected fmm a total of

2.320 patients who have eye disease of ten years in

HCMC Eye hospital; in 2009 there wem 162 cases

deformaties of the eye; all of the local hospitals wem 84

cases. The ratio of deformaties of the eye of the

examining childmn at all hospitals was 4.7/1.000; the

rate of risk factor was 0.82%, meanwhile stmbismus

raised three time of the risk of heridity; the rate of the

blindness during ten years was 0.697%, due to

congenital glaucoma 0.61%; amblyopia 1.66%, with

congenital cataract 0.71%, congenital ptosis 0.35%,

strabismus 0.35%. The diagnosis and tmatment am

divided into two gmdes, local hospital in HCMC and

HCMC Eye hospital..

Conclusion: This study contributes to identify the

hospital base mte of congenital deformaties of the eye.

However there should be more studies to identify this

mte, and the pmeess of diagnosis should be made on

the basis: primary health cam unit, then local hospitals in

HCMC and finally HCMC Eye hospital

Keywords: congenital deformaties of the eye,

blindness, amblyopia, risk factor, congenital cataract,

congenital glaucoma, congenital ptosis, strabismus.

MdDAU

Dj tat bam sinh mit \i nhij'ng dj t$t thu'dng dup'c gia

dinh ph^t hien ngay sau khi sinh, hoac khi trd cd tri$u

chii'ng chay nu'de mit, hoac khi tre khdng nhin thIy

ngudi than.

NhO'ng dj XiX bim sinh mit dugc Xic gia Daniel van

Duyse (1852 -1924)[3] gpi la nhO'ng bit thudng trong td

chiee mit.

cac gia thuylt v l can nguydn sinh b$nh hpc ciia dj

tat bim sinh mit du-pc nhieu nha nghi§n ciru tan ddng

la gia thuyet ve phdi thai, di truyen, mdi trudng; trong dd

gia thuyet v l phdi thai dirpc chip nhan nhieu nhit.

Viec dieu tri dj XiX bim sinh mit cdn tiiy thudc vao dj

t§t d td chii'c eua mit edn ho$c khdng edn chirc nang thj

Y HOC THVC HANH (741) - S6 11/2010 45