Hiệu quả sử dụng bóng đèn compact trong việc xử lý ra hoa cây thanh long (Hylocereus undatus)

KHOA HQC C6NO NGHt

HI$U puA SLT DlrllXIG BtilUG DEM COMPACT TRONG VIfc

XLf LY RA HOA CAY THANH LONG (Hy/ocereus undatuM

LG Van Bd1, Trdn Van Thra1,

Nguydn Van Ay1, Nguydn Thanh Thidn1

t 6 m t At

Cfty thanh long la loai trd hoa trong di£u ki£n ngay dai d£m ngSn. Thi nghidm thip den d£ kich thich ra hoa

ciy thanh long dupe tidn hanh x3 An Lyc Long, huy£n Chau Thanh, tinh Long An. Co tit ca 3 nghidm thuc

\i: (1) Mac xen ke d6n compact/den trdn theo ty 1$ (50/50), thanh hang, 3 met/1 bong, (2) Mac hoan toan

b6ng d£n tr6n 60 W, thanh hang, 3 m£t/l bdng; (3) Mac hoan toan bong den compact vang 20 W, thanh

hang, 1,5 m6t/bdng. Mdi ddm thap 10 gid tu 8 gift tdi ddn 6 gid sing horn sau. Tat ca cac thdng sd nhu tdng

sd nhinh/try xuit hi£n nu (hoa), sd nu (hoa)/try va sd nhanh cd 1, 2,3 ny (hoa) cho thiy nghidm thuc thap

ddn compact 100% ddu cao hon so vdi 2 nghidm thuc cdn lai. Hon nua, su dung loai bdng den nay (compact)

da tidt kifim dupe 40% lugng didn tidu thy so vdi su dung 100% bdng den trdn 60 W va 10% so vdi su dung

bdng ddn trdn/compact ty 1$ 50/50.

TCr khda: Compact, din trdn, ny hoa, thanh long.

1.MfrBAU

C&y thanh long (Hylocereus undatus (Haw.)

Britt & Rose) la cay c6 gia trj kinh td rit cao dugc

trdng nhidu d tinh Binh Thu$n vdi didn tich khoang

20.000 ha, d Long An hon 2.500 ha va d Tidn Giang

khoang 4.500 ha. Dd tao qua trai vu, trudc day, nong

dan thudng su dung bdng den tr6n (day dot), c6 day

anh sing d6 tidu thu nhidu didn nang (100 W). Mac

du hi^n nay, d vung san xuat thanh long d Long An

va Tidn Giang ndng dan su dung bong vdi cdng suit

thip hon ( khoang 60-75 W ), lugng didn tidu thu cd

giam nhung vin cdn cao, cay ra nhidu hoa phai mat

cdng tia bd bdt, bdng den dd bi hong khi gap mua do

v$y gia thanh san suit sd cao.

Mdt cdu hdi d|t ra la su dung anh sang den

compact (20 W) thay cho anh sang ddn trdn cd hidu

qua ra hoa hay khdng va mang lai kinh td cho ngudi

din nhu thd nao? Cau hdi nay cung la muc tidu

nghidn cuu cua dd tai.

2. PHUONG TIN VA PHUONG PHAP

Thi nghidm dugc tien hanh tai vudn thanh long 4

nam tu6i, 71/1 Ip Cdu 6 ng Bui, xa An Luc Long,

huydn Chau Thanh, tinh Long An. Cay dugc trdng

theo khoang cach 3ac3 mdt (hang dich hang x cay

cich cay). Thdi gian tidn hanh tir 30/8/2013 ddn

29/9/2013. Ddn su dung dd thap sang la bdng ddn

trdn 60 W va bdng ddn compact vang 20 W (CFS 3U,

1 Khoa Ndng nghiip & Sinh hpc Ung dyng, D$i hpc Can

Tho

20 W, 2700 K, E 27) do Cdng ty Co phin Bdng ddn,

phich nude Rang Ddng cung dp. Nghidm thuc la

nhung cach thap den khac nhau:

2.1. Nghidm thuc 1: mac xen kd ddn

compact/ddn trdn theo ty Id (50/50) thanh hang, 3

mdt/1 bdng, trung binh mdi try thanh long 1 bdng

ddn trdn hoac 1 bdng compact

2.2. Nghidm thuc 2: mac hoan toan bdng ddn

trdn 60 W, thanh hang, 3 mdt trung binh mdi tru

thanh long 1 bdng den trdn 60 W.

2.3. Nghidm thuc 3: mac hoan toan bdng ddn

compact 20 W, thanh hang, 1,5 mdt/bdng, trung binh

moi tru thanh long cd 1,8 bdng ddn compact

Cung can giai thich thdm cach mac bdng ddn

khac nhau nay. Nghidm thuc 1, cach mac cai tidn cua

ndng dan, giam bdt tidu thu didn nang. Nghidm thuc

2, cach thap ddn truydn thong cua ndng dan, tidu thu

nhidu didn nang. Nghidm thuc 3, cach thap ddn cai

tidn, tidu thu it nhit didn nang.

Cac bdng ddn dugc mac thanh hang giua hai

hang cay thanh long, cach tam try cay thanh long

trung binh 1,5 met chop cuoi cua bdng ddn cach mat

dlt khoang 1,2 mdt Thdi gian thap ddn la 14 ddm (tir

30/08/2013 ddn 14/09/2013). Sd gid thap ddn la 10

gid/ddm, tir 20 gid ddn 6 gid sang hdm sau. Trong

sudt thdi gian thap ddn cd trung vdi con bao so 9

nam 2013.

Sd try thanh long dugc quan sat la 22 try

(nghidm thuc 1), 20 try (nghidm thuc 2) va 30 try

NdNG NGHlfP VA PHAT TR|£n NONG TH6N - KY 2 - THANG 3/2014 19