Giáo trình bóng ném

NGUYEN HUNG QUAN

GIAO TRINH

BONG NEM

9

(Giao trinh Cao dang Sit pham)

NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC SU PHAM

Muc luc

Trang

Chu dan ve ki h ie u ................................................................................ 6

Ldi noi d a u .............................................................................................7

PHAN I: GlOl THIEU MON BONG NEM

Chuttog I: LjCH SCf HiNH THANH VA PHAT TRI^N MON THE THAO

B6NG NEM....................................................................................... 9

1. Nguon goic ra ddi cua mon Bong n6m..................................................... 9

2. Su hinh thanh va phat trien cua mon the thao Bong n6m san to,

ngoai trdi............................................................................................... 12

3. Su phat trien cua mon Bong nem san nho hien dai............................. 16

4. Bong nem 6 Viet Nam...........................................................................20

Chuvng II: VI TRI* TAC DUNG COA TAP LUYEN BONG NEM VA OAC DIEM

TAM SINH LI LLfA TUOI THCS.....................................................27

1. Vi tri tac dung cua tap luyen, thi dau Bong nem................................. 27

2. Dac diem tam sinh li liia tuoi hoc sinh THCS..................................... 28

PHAN II: KI CHIEN THUAT CA NHAN VA CAC

CHI DAN VE PHtfdNG PHAP GIANG DAY

Chirong I: HE THONG PHAN LOAI CAC Ki THUAT CO BAN

TRONG THI DAU BONG NEM.........................................................8

Chuvng II: PHAN TICH CAC KI THUAT CO BAN V6l BONG

VA CHi DAN VE PHUONG PHAP GIANG DAY.............................34

1. Ki thuat nhan bong va cac hanh dong phong thu chong nhan bong .... 34

2. KI thuat chuyen bong va cac hanh dong phong thu............................ 39

3. Ki thuat nem bong vao cau mon va cac hanh dong phong thu chong no ... 49

4. Dltn bong va phong thu chong din bong.............................................. 64

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5. Dong tac gin va phong thu chong •-J'f't'.ir tac ' ................... .................

Chi/ong III: KI. CHIEN THUAT CA NHAN CUA CAC VDV TAN CONG

KHONG BONG VA CAC BI$N PHAP PHONG THU......................69

1 *') 1 Y nghia. phan loai ki thuat tan rung khonc hong.................................

2. Phan tich mot so ki thuat c<l han 'u a V{)\ ian cong k h r>r.c 5<<*nu ......... *2

• i Chi dan ve rhien thuat ................................................................................................. -...................................................................................................................74 ■1. (’hi dan vt- phudng phap .......................................................................

ChUOng IV: KI, CHIEN THUAT CA NHAN CUA THU MON..............................75

1 Phan loai ki thuat cua thu mon ............................................................................. 75

2 Phan tirh mot so ki thuat cn ban cua thu mon.................................... ^6

3 Cac cln dan ve chicn thuat....................................................................

4. Cac chi dan ve phUrtng phap................................................................. ^2

PHAN III: CHIEN THUAT TAP THE VA PHLfdNG

PHAP GIANG DAY CHIEN THUAT TAP THE

ChUOng I: MOT SO NGUYEN TAC CHIEN THUAT TRONG TAN CONG

VA PHONG THU TAP THe.............................................................. 84

ChUOng II: CHIEN THUAT NHOM..................................................................... 86

1. Khai m em ch u n g ........................................................................................................... 86

2. Chicn thuat nhom trong tan c o n g .......................................................................... R7

3 Chicn thuat nhom trong phong thu...................................................... 99

ChUOng III: CHIEN THUAT DONG DOI............................................................105

l Khai m e n ’, va phan loai ............................................................................................ 105

2. Chien thuat tan cong dong doi............................................................. 105

3. Chien thuat phong thu dong doi.......................................................... 111

Chuvng IV: GIANG DAY VA HUAN LUYEN CHIEN THUAT NHOM

VA DONG DOI............................................. ................................123

1. Mot so yeu cau chung trong viec to chiic giang day. huan luyen

chien thuat nhom va dong doi............................................................. 123

2. Cac btfdc giang day. huan luyen chinh................................................. 123

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Chu dan ve ki hi§u

A

A*

I

T

O

: VDV tffa cong

: VDV ta'n cong c6 bong

: VDV phong thu

: Chan

: VDV phong thu v6i dong tac chan

: Dtfdng chuyen bong

: Hifdng di chuyen cua VDV

: Dan bong

: Dot pha

: Nem bong cau mon

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Ldi noi dau

Bong nem la mon the thao da co lich sit phat trien hang tram nam, no

ditdc cong nhan la mon thi dau chinh thrtc cua Olympic tit nam 1972.

Hien nay tren the gidi co khoang 5 trieu ngitdi tap luyen Bong nem

thitdng xuyen, tren 200 doi tuyen Bong nem da. ditdc thanh lap 6 120

nitdc. Lien doan Bong nem the gidi da co tren 144 nitdc thanh vien.

Bong nem khong chi ditdc yeu thich bdi tac dung tap luyen, nang cao

site khoe ma no con hap dan ngitdi xem d trinh do kl thuat cao, ki xao

thanh thao va nhitng mieng phoi hdp chien thuat bien hod linh hoat

trong cac tran dau hap dan, quyet liet. Dac biet d chau Au, Bong nem

cung co siic hap dan nhit Bong da, thu hut hang tram trieu ngiicfi xem.

Bat dau tit thap ki 80 Bong nem ditdc phat trien manh 6 Viet Nam - dac

biet la khu vitc thanh pho Ho Chi Minh. Tit nam 1984 da co cac gidi

•> ’ Bong nem chinh thiic do Tong cuc TDTT tntdc day (nay la Uy ban

TDTT) to chitc tren pham vi toan quoc.

Trong chitdng trinh Seagames 22 vao nam 2003 to chitc tai Viet Nam,

Ian dau tien mon Bong nem da ditdc to chitc thi dau.

Do dac diem noi troi cua mon Bong nem la phat trien nhanh cac to chat

than the nhit siic phan itng nhanh, toe do di chuyen va cac kha nang

phoi hdp van dong cung nhit tinh linh hoat cua cac hoat dong than kinh

• cd nen no ditdc chu trong phat trien d cac liia tuoi tre, dac biet la cho

hoc sinh THCS va sinh vien cac tritdng Cao dang - Dai hoc.

Chitdng trinh giang day Bong nem da ditdc duy tri tit nhieu nam nay d

cac tritdng chuyen TDTT nhit Dai hoc TDTT I, II va Cao ddng TDTT

Da Nang. Tuy nhien no van chita ditdc dita vao giang day d cac tritdng

Dai hoc va Cao ddng Sit pham va Sit pham TDTT.

Chinh vi vay viec hinh thanh va bien soan cuon sach Bong nem Ian nay

danh cho doi titdng la cac sinh vien cua cac tritdng Cao ddng Sit pham

la rat bite thiet.

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Vdi tong qui thdi gian la 45 tie't cuon sack Bong nem danh cho doi titdng

giao vien Cao ddng Sit pham co cac muc tieu cu the sau day:

a. Ve kien thitc:

Trang bi cho ngitbi hoc nhitng kien thitc cd ban ve ki, chien thuat Bong

nem, luat va phitdng phap to chitc thi dau, trong tdi.

Trang bi cho ngititi hoc cac kien thitc ve phitdng phap giang day cho cac

hoc sinh THCS va huan luyen cac doi tuyen Bong nem thieu nien.

b. Ve ki nang thitc hanh

Thitc hien ditdc d mile chinh xdc cac ki thuat cd ban (qui dinh trong

chitdng trinh)

Thitc hien ditdc d mite titdng doi dung mot so chien thuat cd ban va tit

tham gia thi dau d mite titdng ditdng vdi trinh do cua cap III VDV.

Co the thitc hien ditdc cac cdng viec cua trong tdi trong dieu harih tran

dau d cap thieu nien cung nhit to chitc giang day, huan luyen Bong nem

cho hoc sinh THCS.

Vi qui thcfi gian co han nen trong cuon sach Bong nem nay khong de cap

den phan luat thi dau Bong nem cung nhit cac phan md rong them ve

mat kien thitc chuyen mon md no se ditdc hitdng dan cu the trong phan

gidi thieu d cac tdi lieu tham khao d cuoi cuon sach hodc d trong cac

phan tong ket d cuoi cac phan trong cuon sach. *

Trong qua trinh bien soan, chung tdi da nhan ditdc sit hdp tac giup did

nhiet tinh cua lanh dao Ditan Dao tao giao vien THCS va cac ban dong

nghiep. Chung toi xin bay to long cam dn sau sdc.

Do trinh do va thdi gian co han, quyen sach nay khong trdnh khoi

nhitng han chevd thieu sot. Rat mong nhan ditdc nhitng y kien dong gop

quy bdu tit cac ban dong nghiep va doc gia. Xin chan thanh cam dn !

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mmamm

Chwong x

LICH SU5 HINH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN

MON THE THAO BONG NEM

1. Nguon goc ra ddi cua m on Bong nem

Trong lich sU phat trien cua loai ngUdi thi cac bai tap giao due the

chat cung nhu cac tro chdi van dong vdi muc dich ren luyen than the,

truyen thu ki nang san, bat, hai. lufdm da luon gan chat vdi ddi song cua

con ngUdi d thdi ki co dai. Lich sii cung da ghi nhan vao nam 776 trudc

cong nguyen da dien ra dai hoi the thao Olympic co dai dau tien d Hy

Lap vdi cac mon the thao chu yeu la chay, nhay va nem day. NhUng cung

tijf the ki thti sau triidc cong nguyen ngUdi ta con ghi nhan dUdc nhiing

buic hoa tren cac binh co d Hy Lap co ve nhiing ngUdi dan ong chdi cac tro

chdi “cudi ngUa nem bong” la tien than cua cac mon the thao hien dai vdi

bong sau nay.

Tuy nhien phai chd tdi the ki XVIII khi cuoc cach mang cong nghiep

no ra manh me d chau Au. Bac My v.v... va keo theo no la he tu duy mdi

cua nhiing ngUdi tham gia lao dong, mot san phaim cua nen cong nghiep

hoa vdi nhiing cong doan san xuat theo day chuyen va la khdi nguon ra

ddi cua nhieu mon the thao tap the vdi luat chdi phuc tap va chat che

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nhu Bong da, Bong chuyen, Bong n6m, Bong ro v.v... Nd ro nh&t cua thdi

diem ra ddi cua cac mon bong hi$n dai phai dUdc tinh ttif niia cuoi the ki

XIX - do la vao cag nam (txnh theo thdi diem xu£t ban lufit chdi d&u tien).

1852 ra ddi mon Hockey.

1862 ra ddi mon Bong da.

1892 ra ddi mon Bong nem.

1894 ra ddi mon Bong ro.

1896 ra ddi mon Bong chuyen.

Tro ch(ri “cuoi ngua nem bong” cua ngu&i dan ong co dai Hy Lap (TK VI-TCN)

Thdi diem ra ddi luat chdi cua cac mon bong hien dai da ro, trong do

co mon Bong nem. Tuy nhien nguon goc phat sinh mon the thao Bong

nem cf nUdc nao la dieu con bo ngo. Dieu nay khong chi b mon Bong nem

ma d nhieu mon bong hien dai khac cung tUdng tU vi co rat it mon the

thao hien dai lai co nguon goc ra ddi tijf mot nUdc cu the. Nhutng nghien

cCfu g&n day da chi ra ring, Bong nem la mon the thao hien dai, xuat

hien d&u tien d chau Au va khu vuc ra ddi la tren ban dao Scang-di-na￾vd (vung Thuy Dien, Na Uy, Dan Mach).

Bong nem: Ten tieng Anh la Handball, xuat phat tut 2 tCr “Hand” la

tay va ‘’Ball” la bong.

Co mot so tai lieu cho rSng vao nam 1890 mot giao sU ngvfdi Diic ten

la Konzad Koch da sang tao ra mot tro chdi the thao mdi co ten la

Raffballspiele (mon bong nha ngheo) la tien than cua mon Bong nem

chinh thong sau nay.

Con d Tiep Kh&c co xuat hien mon Bong nem san nho vao nam 1892

nhu la mot mon the thao dan toe vdi ten goi la ‘’Ceska hazena” cung vdi

Bo lulkt sd khai nhU:

* San hinh chut nhat - dai 45m, rong 30m.

* C&u mon cao - 2m40, rong 2m.

* TrUdc cau mon ve mot hinh chii nhat, sau nay dUdc thay b&ng hinh

ban nguyet co ban ki'nh R = 6m.

* SoVDV moi ben la 7 ngUdi.

* Thdi gian chdi la 3 hiep - moi hiep 1& 20 phut.

Con d Dan Mach vao nam 1898 co mot Giao sU la Holger Nielsen

truyen ba mon the thao nay va goi la "Handbold”.

C) nUdc Dilc sau nay vao nam 1915 con hinh thanh mon Bong nem

goi la ‘TorbaU” vdi kich thudc san hinh chut nhat la 40 x 20m. Clu mon

rong 2m va cao 2m50 vong ban nguyet trUdc san co: R = 4m do

Bachmann truyen ba va bien soan.

Sau nay, vao khoang nam 1917, nhd cong cua Carl Sehlent, Max

Heiser va Erich Konig ma mon Bong nem dUdc truyen ba vao cac nUdc

My, Aixlen, Y, Thuy Si, Phap v.v...

Mai cho den nam 1934 Thuy Dien m6i bien soan mot bo luat thi dau

Bong nem san nho (diia vao luat chdi cua mot so' nUdc lan can) de trinh

len Uy ban Quoc te ve Bong nem cong nhan la Luat Quoc te.

Lien doan Bong nem Quoc te chinh thutc dUdc thanh lap vao nam

1928 luc do co ten la IAHF va dUdc bo sung lai vao nam 1946.

Hien nay Lien doan Bong nem Quoc te da thanh lap vdi tren 144

nUdc thanh vien.

IHF da to chijfc giai vo dich the gidi cho nam vao nam 1938 va cho nut

tCr nam 1957 vdi chu ki hai nam mot lan.

Bong nem san to ngoai trdi danh cho nam dUdc dUa vao thi dau lan

dau tien d Dai hoi Olympic l&n thut l i d Beclin 1936.

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2. Sit hinh thanh va phat trien cua mon the thao Bong nem san

to, ngoai trcfi

Nguon goc phat sinh cua Bong nem san to ngoai trdi dUdc bat dau cl

nUdc Dtic. TrUdc do d Diic cung nhu cac niidc chau Au da hinh thanh va

phat trien mon Bong nem san nho. Mot giao sU cua trUdng Cao dang

TDTT Beclin ten la Carlschelent da co cong truyen ba rong rai mon the

thao nay khong nhulng d rieng niidc Dtic ma con lan rong ra ca chau Au.

Thdi diem dUdc ti'nh cho sU phat sinh cua mon the thao nay. nhu la mot

nhanh cua mon Bong nem chi'nh thong la vao nam 1917.

Va chinh Giao sir Carl Sehlent da phu trach ldp boi dUdng Bong nem

Chau Au trong khoang 30 nam lien. Cac hoc sinh cua ong da quay trd lai

nude minh va day len phong trao tap luyen Bong nem san to ngoai trdi

rat manh me.

Luat chdi va cach chdi cua mon Bong nem san to gan giong nhu vdi

luat choi cua mon Bong nem san nho, diem khac chu yeu la:

San bai: san la cac bai co, co the sii dung san Bong Da vdi ki'ch thudc

chieu doc la 90 den 110m, chieu ngang tCf 55 - 65m.

* Vung cam cua thu mon cd ban ki'nh R = 13m (tam dUdc ti'nh ti* diem

giiia cua cau mon).

* Con vach nem phat tu do co ban kinh R = 19m.

* Vach phat den co do dai la 14m tfnh tCt vach ngang cuoi san trd ra.

* Cau mon rong 7m32 va cao 2m44.

* Cach vach ngang cuoi san 35m cd vach 1 vach ngang de chia san

lam 3 phan san blng nhau.

* Mot doi bong bao gom 13 VDV co 2 dang ki la thu mon va 1 dau thu

du bi cho cac dau thu tren san.

Cho tdi nam 1945 thi co them luat b it viet vi.

Luat ban dau con cho phep VDV dUdc phep cam bong chay (khong

co luat chav budc va luat giO bong trong tav qua 3 giav).

Khi mot dau thu dang giu bong thi cac dau thu khac co quyen xong

vao de gianh va cudp lai bong.

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So lufdng toi da diidc tham gia trong mot tran dau cua mot doi la 11 ngUdi.

Sau day la sd do san va cach s&p xep cac dau thu cd ban trong thi dau.

Trong nhiing nam dau cua thap ki XX Bong nem san to ngoai trdi

diidc phat trien rat nhanh va manh. Vao nam 1922, niidc Diic da to chutc

diidc giai vo dich Quoc gia dau tien cho Bong nem san to ngoai trdi. Tran

thi dau Quoc te dau tien dUdc to chiic cf Thanh pho' Halle thuoc niidc Diic

vdi hai doi tuyen Quoc gia cua Diic va Ao vao ngay 13/9/1925 vdi hdn 3000

khan gia ham mo tdi co vu va doi Ao da thang doi Diic vdi ti so 6 : 3.

Sau do thi mon Bong nem san to "Gropfeld Handball" ngay cang

diidc phat trien rong rai va chiem mot vi tri quan trong trong cac moi

giao lUu ve the thao giuta cac nUdc.

Mot moc quan trong cua sU phat trien cua mon Bong nem la vao

thang 8/1926 trong mot cuoc hop thiidng ki lan thii tam cua hoi Dien

kinh nghiep du Quoc te vie't tat la IAAF (Internatioal Amater Atletic

Federation) diidc to chuc d Thanh pho' Haag cua Ao ngiidi ta cung diia ra

viec can thong nhat luat chdi mang ti'nh Quoc te cho mot so' mon the thao

sau day chi dUdc phep dung tay de dieu khien bong nhu: Bong nem. Bong

ro, Bong chuyen. Bong dam w ... va sil can thiet phai thanh lap hiep hoi

*> ° X the thao cho cac mon bong. Vao ngay 27/7/1926. Uy ban thiidng true cua

IAAF da giii tdi Hoi nghi thiidng dinh cua minh hop vao ngav 12/9/1927

tai Thanh pho Amsterdam (Ha Lan) dil an luat chinh thiic cho mon Bong

nem san to ngoai trdi.

Cung d Hoi nghi nay da chinh thiic thong qua Du an luat va vao thang

12/1928 no da diidc in va xuat ban bang 3 th’jf tieng Anh. Phap. Diic.

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Ngay 4/7/1928 cung tai Thu do Amsterdam (Ha Lan) da tien hanh

Hoi nghi thanh lap Hoi Bong nem nghiep du trong to chiic Olympic vdi

ten goi tit la IAHF (International Amater Handball Federation) va ngay

do cung dUcfc ti'nh la hoi nghi lan thuf nhat cua hoi Bong nem nghiep dii

the gidi (luc nay IAHF to chiic va dieu hanh sU phat trien chung cho ca

Bong nem san to va Bong nem san nho). So hoi vien thanh lap luc dau

mdi chi cd 11 hoi vien. Tdi nam 1938 da tang len tdi 23 hoi vien.

Thii tu cac hoi nghi cua IAHF dUdc dien ra nhu sau:

Hoi nghi lan thut nhat Amsterdam (Ha Lan) 1928.

Hoi nghi lian thii II b Beclin (Diic) 1930.

Hoi nghi lan thii III d Stockholm (Thuy Dien) 1934.

Hoi nghi l&n thii IV d Beclin (Diic) 1936.

Hoi nghi lan thii V b Beclin (Diic) 1938.

Chu tich hoi IAHF dau tien la Ngai F.P. Lang (Diic), cac thanh vien

khac trong do cd ong Avery Brundage (Quoc tich My) ma chang bao lau

sau da trd thanh Chu tich uy ban Olympic Quoc te (IOC) (t£f 1952 - 1972)

va cung chinh nhd sU hoat dong tich cUc, khong biet met moi cua ong

Chu tich Olympic Quoc te ma mon the thao Bong nem nhanh chong trcJ

thanh mon the thao chmh thong cua the gidi. Cung chinh vi vay ma Hoi

nghi Olympic Quoc te hop tai Brussel (Bi) vao ngay 08/5/1934 da quyet

dinh dua mon Bong nem san to la mon thi dau chinh thiic cua The van

hoi Olympic Quoc te lan thii XI - tii 01/8 den 16/8/1936 b Beclin (Diic).

Cd hai ldp boi dudng trong tai co tinh chat Quoc te dau tien diidc to

chiic tai Beclin (Diic) vao thang 5/1935 va thang 4/1936. Nhiem vu chinh

cua ca hai ldp nay la lam sang to luat thi dau va xac dinh vi tri va vai

tro cua mon the thao Bong nem tren pham vi toan the gidi va chuan bi

cho viec dua Bong nem vao thi dau trong chtfdng trinh The van hoi

Olympic.

Cac ldp boi dudng tiep theo luat cung nhuf ki, chien thuat cua mon

Bong nem cung dUdc md d Beclin vao nhiing nam 1937 va 1938. The van

hoi Olympic l&n thii XI vao nam 1936 dUdc to chiic tai Beclin (Diic) cd sau

doi Bong nem san to dufdc vao chung ket la: Diic - Ao - My - Thuy Si va

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Hungari va day cung la budc dau tien quan trong danh dau sii phat trien

cua mon the thao non tre nay tren dau trUdng the thao Quoc te.

Tnidc do, vao thang 2/1936 cung tai Beclin, IAHF da to chiic giai vo

dich the gidi ve thi dau Bong nem san nho trong nha cho nam gom bon

doi tham gia la Diic - Ao - Dan Mach - Thuy Si va giai nay danh dau la

giai vo dich the gidi Bong nem san nho trong nha lan thii nhat.

Sau giai nay vao thang 4/1936, IAHF cung to chiic vong dau giai vo

dich Bong nem san to ngoai trdi cho nam de chon 6 doi vao dii chung ket

tai Olympic Beclin 1936.

Sau hai giai nay, thi ca hai mon Bong nem san to va san nho trong

nha cung diidc song song phat trien. Vao gifla nam 1936 IAHF cung

quyet dinh cong nhan qui cach va dua mon Bong n6m trong nha trd

thanh mon the thao chinh thong.

Chien tranh the gidi lian thii II bung no da lam ngiing tat ca cac giai

thi dau Quoc te, trong do cd mon the thao Bong nem san to ngoai trdi va

san nho trong nha. Tuy nhien no vln dUdc ton tai va phat trien d tvfng

quoc gia rieng biet.

Chinh vi vay ma ngay sau ngay Chien tranh the gidi l&n thii II cham

diit, mon the thao nay lai nhanh chong dUdc phuc hoi va tang them cac

thanh vien mdi trong IAHF.

TCf ngay 10 den 18/6/1946, tai Thu do Koppenhagen (Dan Mach) mot

so' nUdc Bac Au da hop hoi nghi de tien hanh thanh lap hoi Bong nem the

gidi, viet tSt la IHF (International Handball Federation). Cung tai Hoi

nghi nay da xac dinh cac thanh vien cua IHF di dii dai hoi IOC (Uy ban

Olympic Quoc te).

Va tii nay hai to chiic IAHF va IHF chi con la mot. nhiem vu chu yeu

cua to chiic mdi nay la day manh sii hoat dong cua mon the thao non tre

nay. siia doi lai luat thi dau, to chiic cac giai cho nam va nfl the' gidi. Ban

lanh dao cua IHF con ton tai mai tdi nam 1972 mdi thay doi.

Cd cau cua Ban lanh dao hoi bao gom:

Mot chu tich hoi, hai pho chu tich hoi, mot thu kl, mot quan 11 tai vu

va tieu ban ki thuat bao gom bay thanh vien.

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