Giáo dục học người lớn - chuyên ngành khoa học giáo dục mới

NGHItNCtuQ

GIAO DUC HOC NGUdi L0N - CHUYEN NGANH • •

KHOA HOC GIAO DUC NlOl

ThS. THAI XUA N DA O - ThS. NGUYEN THj MAI H A

Trung Mm Nghiin ciHu Olio dye KhOng chfnh quy

HpccCia ngudi Idn v l giio due ngddi Idn II mpt

hiln tdpng x l hdi die bilt, d l cd td rlt sdm cung

vdi sU xuat hiln eiia xa hdi loai ngddi. Hpc cOa

ngddi Idn II de llm I n kilm sdng, hpc de tdn tai. Tuy

nhiln, do nhilu nguyin nhin, d e nghiln cdu v l vi?c

hpc ciia ngddi Idn cdn it hon v l chim hon so vdi cic

nghiln eiiu v l vile hpc eCia tri em va vl v|y khoa hpc

v l giio dye ngddi Idn cung chim ddpc phit triln hdn.

Bli vilt niy trinh bIy Ijch sd ra ddi eiia Gilo dye

hpc ngudi Idn (Andragogy) vdi td de h II mdt khoa

hpc, mdt chuyin nglnh cua khoa hpc giao dye, m l

ddi tddng nghiln edu la viec giio dye v l hpc tap cua

ngudi Idn trong ti t c l cle hlnh thdc bilu hiln.

Nhdng djnh kien ci n tr d sd phat trien ciia

chuyen nganh Giao due hpc ngddi Idn

Mdt trong nhdng nguyin nhin chu yeu d n trd

nghiln cdu vile hpc tap cua ngddi Idn la do nhdng

dinh kiln, quan nil m sai li m v l khi ning hpc tap

cua ngddi Idn. Trdde nhdng ni m 20 cua th i ki XX,

mpi ngddi di u ed quan nil m ring vile hpc chi dinh

cho tr i em, ring ngddi Idn khdng cdn khi ning hpc

tap nda. VIo thdi kl dd cdn nhilu quan nilm sai lim

v l khi ning hpc tap eiia ngddi Idn nhd"Bgn khdng

the thay ddi ddpc bi n chat con ngddi"; "Ban khdng

t h i day con chd gi i ll m trd mdi ddpc"; quan nilm v l

"Lo hdng trong dau" v l vile hpc tap; v l quan nilm

"Tudi tri tu l cCia ngddi blnh thddng I112 tudi" v.v...

quan nilm "Ban khdng th i day con chd gi i ll m trd

mdi ddpc" cho ring ngddi Idn khdng the hpc ddpc

cung gidng nhd ta khdng th i day mdt con chd gi i

llm trd mdi ddpc. Quan nil m vl"Ld hdng trong diu "

trong hpc tap cho ring di u dc tr i em cdn nhilu Id

hdng do chda bj nhdi nhet tgp chat qua ni m thing

nhd ngddi Idn va vl vl y cdn ed sdc chda mdt d i gl

dd nda, cdn ngddi Idn thi khdng th i hpc thi m dupe

vl de cOa hp d l chda qu i nhilu thd. Khdng it ngddi

Igi dinh gii thip khi ning tri tu l ciia ngddi Idn,

ring tri tul chi phit triln d thdi kl tri em, ring "Tudi

tri tul eOa ngddi Idn blnh thddng ehi blng dda tri

12 tudi" v.v...Vi vay d e nghiln edu trdde diy chii ylu

tap trung vao giio dye tri em v l giao dye chinh qui,

giio dye trong nhl trddng.

E.L Thorndike Ngddi lam thay doi nhan

thdc v l khi nang hpc tap cCia ngddi Idn

Chi td cudi nhdng nim 20 ciia thi ki XX, sd ra ddi

cudn sleh "Viic hgc cda ngudi Idn" nim 1928 cCia E.L

Thorndike dl llm xoay chuyin nhin thdc v l khi ning

hpc tip ciia ngddi Idn. Thorndike dl tdng quan tinh

hlnh nghiln edu trdde do v l dl kit luin ring "Chua

bao gid cd mdt cdng trinh nghiin cCfu cd hi thdng vd

sdu rdng nhdm tim hiiu xem tri em cd khd ndng hoc

tap hon ngudi Idn tU20 din 40 tuoi hay khdng? vd cd

uu thi hon vi mat ndo... Vdn di ndy hdu nhudd bjidng

quin hoac ngUdi ta chi chap nhdn cdch dgy bdo thu

truyin thdng Id dgy tri em theo hudng dp ddt"

DUa trin kit qui nghiln edu nghilm tiic vl cd

he thdng ciia mlnh,Thorndike d l kit luan "Ndichung,

khdng cd ai dudi 45 tuoi Igi tU cdn trd mlnh hoc mdt cdi

gl do vl sp mlnh dd qud gid khdng hoc dupc Ho cung

khdng vl cdi sp hdi dd nhu Id mdt cdi cddi khdng hoc cdi

md bdt budc phdi hgc Niu ho khdng hoc dupc thi cung

khdng phdi Id vl tuoi gid. Viic gido due ngudi Idn khdng

bi cdn trd ndo do tuoi tdc cua ngUdi hoc". Thorndike

dl ehi ra ring, tudi tic khdng phli II mdt ylu td cd y

nghTa lam ddi vdi vile hpc tap eiia ngUdi Idn, ring tit

cl mpi ngddi dddi 45 tudi van holn toin cd khi ning

hpc tap. Oly II nhan djnh diu tiln trIi ngdpc vdi nhan

djnh v l khi ning hpc tap ciia ngddi Idn vio nhdng

nim hai mdoi cOa thi ki XX. Cho den bay gid khdng

chi tudi 45, ml ngay cl tudi 75 van dupe khing djnh

II ed khi ning hpc tdt. Cle cdng trinh nghiln cdu sau

nly dl khIng djnh ring khi ning hpc tip cua con

ngUdi khdng holn toan phu thudc vio tudi tic, ml

phy thudc chCi ylu vio tinh tich cdc cOa bin thin moi

ngddi, vao nghl nghilp, vio trinh dp vin hoi ciia hp.

Kl td dd, nghiln edu v l vile hpc eiia ngudi Idn

ciia d c nhl tim li hpc, giao dye hpc ngly dng nhieu

v l ngay dng cd hi thdng dl dat nIn mdng cho phit

trien mdt chuyin nglnh giao dye mdi. Od la chuyin

nglnh "Gilo dye hpc ngudi Idn" hay "Sd phgm ngudi

Idn" (Andragogy). Cic nhl tim li hpc trj lieu (Abraham

Maslow v l Carl. Roger) d i di xuat Ip dyng phuong

phip tri lieu tim li cho ngUdi Idn vao giio dye ngddi

Idn. Cle nhl giio dye hpc nhd Jerome J. Bruner

(1959), J.R. Kidd (1959), Kempfer (1955), Verner &

KHOA HQC GlAO DUG •3 7