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DAY HOC TJCH HUP TRONG DAO TAO NGHE - NHIJNG VAN BE OAT RA

o TS. TRA N VA N XUVEN "

1. Co sd li lufn vi dqy hpe Hch hyp (DHTH)

U Khdi niim vi DHTH h-ong ddo tpo nghi

(DTN), hflu mft cdch chung nhdt Id sy kit hpp

gtOo If thuylt vd thyc hdnh. Trudc dfiy vd hifn

nay d mft sd co sd dpy nghi vfin tdn lpi cdch

dpy theo Idi hvyIn thdng, vdl quy trinh tudn h/:

dpy cdc mdn co sd, sou dd dpy phdn ll thuylt

ehuyfin mdn vd cudi cung Id dpy thye hdnh. Cdch

dpy ndy cOng vdi trong ihllt bj, vfl h/ thilu nfin

nhin ehung, npc sfnh sou khi ro trudng ed toy

nghi thfi'p, khdng ddp dng dupc nhu edu eOo thj

hvdmg loo dfng do opng ntfn nay. NhOng ndm

gdn dfiy, hf ihdng DTN cOa Vtft Nam dd cd nhdng

biln chuyin rd rft, d$c bift Id sy quon tfim ddu

hf CO sd vf t chd't (CSVC), hang thilt bj, ddi mdi

nfi dung, chuong trinh vd phuong phdp dpy hpe

(PPDH). Ddng chu y id chuong trinh dpy nghi

theo cdc module, hpe sinh dupe hudng dan trye

tilp theo cdc quy h-lnh cfing nghf thfch ung vdi

tdng bpi hinh cong vifc theo Kmg nghi cy thl.

Cd nhilu khdi nifm khde nhau v l DHTH trong

DTN, song dlu hudng td\ tilp cf n ddo hjo theo

ndng lye thyc hffn, nghia Id hinh thdnh cho

ngudi hpc nhung nfing lye cdn thilt, boo gdm

ed kiln thuc, kl nfing vd thdt df d l gidl quylt

mft cfing vtfc hof c mft phdn cfing vlfc ehuyfin

mfin cy thl gdp phdn hinh thdnh ndng lye tnyc

hifn hopt dfng nghi nghifp cOo hp. Djnh nghia

khdi qudt: «DHTH Id qud h'Inh day hpc md d dd

cdc nfl dung hopt dfng dpy kiln thdc, kl ndng,

thdt d f dupe tich hpp vdl nhau trong cung mft

nfl dung vd hopt dfng dpy hpc d l ninh mdnh

vd phdt triln nfing lye tiiye hifn hopt dfng nghi

nghifp cho ngudi hpc".

2) Uu diim, hgn chieOa DHTH. DHTH chO

ylu eho hpng tdi thye hdnh kl ndng nghi theo

yfiu cdu cfing vifc, dya hfin co sd phdn Hch vlfc

Idm nfin ddp ung dupc nhu edu ed ngudi hpc Ifin

ngudi su dyng Too dfng. Ngudi hpe theo hinh

thdc ndy khi tot nghifp sfi dpt dupc sy thdnh thpo

theo edc tifiu chudn di ra ddt vdi cde doanh

nghifp, bdt khi xfiy dyng edc diucng Mnh, gido

trinh dpy theo module thudng ed sy tham gia

cOa cdc doanh nghffp. Mft khde, hp eung dS

#

ddng nfing cao hiy nghi khf thorn gto ede khdo

ddo h;io nfing coo hofe efp nhfl edc ndng lye

mdi khi dl chuyin vj hf Idm vlfe.

Tuy nhlfin, DHTH cOng ed ede han ehi nhdt

djnh: ngudi hpe khfing dupe trang bj mft cdch

CO bdn, todn dlfn vd hf thdng cdc kiln thuc theo

logic khoa hpc, khfing hllu sdu sfic bdn ehdt eOa

cdc sy vft, hifn hipng, bdi vfy nfing lye sdng tpo

b| hpn chi khi hdnh nghi. Khi thay ddi vlfc Idm

hofc chuyin nghi thudng khd thfcn dng hon.

2. DHTH h-ong ddo tgo nghi

Tuong hf PPDH truyin thdng, DHTH ding xudt

phdt Kr myc tlfiu bdi dpy, hiy nhlfin con dudng

dfin d ^ myc tlfiu, PPDH, ddnh gid kit qud cd khde

nhau. Chinh sy khde bift dd, khi ehuyin tu day

hpc hvyln thdng song DHTH bdt bufe phdi cd sy

thay doi v l edc ylu to cOa qud hinh dpy hpc nhu:

chuong hinh vd npc lifu, CSVC, dfi ngu GV, qudn

li (QL) vd ddnh gid bdi gidng tfeh hpp. Dilu kifn

d l DHTH Id chuong Mnh dupc cdu hOe theo ode

module; mSl module thfch dng vdl yfiu du eua

nfing lye ihyc hifn cOo mft ho$c nhdm cdng viec

theo cde Hfiu chf dft hvdc cuo cdng nghifp. VI

vfy, cdc nhd thilt k l chuong Mnh can phdi xem

xfit tf ml mfii module cd ddng g5p nhu Inl ndo l6f

vtfc dpt dupe myc Hfiu ddo h;io knda hpc. Chuong

Mnh ddo tpo cdn nfiu rd nhOng chO d l dupc day

vd muc d f chi tiet h>ng nfl dung...

Dilu klfn CSVC cho DHTH cOng ddt hdi khde

vdl dpy hvyln thdng. Phdng DHTH phdi ddp

ung dtlu klfn dpy cd If thuylt vd thyc hdnh.

Hifn nay chua ed chufi'n quy djnh k>pl phdng

ndy. Mf t khde, GV DHTH ddi hdi hfi hfdoyio

td. Ngodi ylu td kfnh nghtfm, kiln thuc chin^n

mfin, Hnh Infin, edn cde KT ndng ehuyfin sfiu tneo

cde Mnh d f nhd't djnh vd PPDH, dfc blft ddi

hdi kr ndng thyc hdnh thyc tl . Cd nghia Id GV

dpy module ndo thl phdi thdnh thpo thyc hdnh

module dd, ddng tndi cd phuong phdp (PP)

hudng dSn hpe vlfin thye hifn module dd dpt \3

nfing thudn thyc theo yfiu edu cOa tdng module.

Bdi vdy, khfiu chudn bj gfdo dn DHTH rfi't quon

* TnMii cao diif 1 ^ hi UM ^ cAm M

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