Conservation Of Pinophyta Diversity In Xuan Nha Nature Reserve Son La Province

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ACKNOWLEGDEMENT

First of all, I am grateful to teachers of Vietnam Forestry University for etablishing

me to complete this thesis. I would like to acknowledgement all the member of Xuan Nha

Forest Protection Department for support nessessary things and provide me documents. I

wish to express my sincere gratitude to officers of my university for providing me with all

the nessessary facilities. I take this opportunity to record our sincere thanks to all the

falcuty members of the Falcuty of Forest Resource and Environment Management for

their help and encouragement. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Hoang Van Sam whose stimulating motivation and valuable ideas helped me to complete

this thesis. I also acknowlegdement Xuan Nha local government and local people for

helping me during my researching time in Xuan Nha.

Sincerely!

Hanoi, October, 2015

Trinh Van Duc

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ABSTRACT

Plant of Pinophyta in Xuan Nha nature reserve is quite diversity with 13 species,

belong to 6 families. Of them 10 species listed in The World Red Book IUCN 2014, 6

species listed in Viet Nam Red Book 2007, 6 species listed in Decree 32/2006/NĐ-CP of

the Vietnamese government. The results of the research show that Pinophyta species

distribute at all elevation levels. Most of them distribute at elevation from 1500-1886 m

with 8 species ( Fokienia hodginsii, Podocarpus neriifolius, Podocarpus neriifolius ,

Cunninghamia knonishii , Dacrycarpus imbricatus , Nageia fleuryi ,Amentotaxus

argotaenia ,Dacrydium elatum ) take 61,54 %. The elevation from 1000-1500 m have 3

species ( Fokieniea hodginsii, Pinus kwangtungensis , Calocedrus macrolepis ) take

23,1% . The elevation from 500-1000 m have 4 species (Keteleeria evelyniana , Gnetum

latifolium , Pinus kwang tungensis, Pinus cernua ) take 30,77 %. Some solutions have been

proposed to conserve and develop of Pinophyta species in Xuan Nha natural reserve.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1

II. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH .........................................................................................3

III. METHODS OF RESEARCH ..........................................................................................4

3.1. Field Investigation Method.............................................................................................4

3.1.1. Transect line method....................................................................................................4

3.1.2. Field investigation........................................................................................................4

3.1.3. Data collection .............................................................................................................4

3.2. Non-Field Investigation Method.....................................................................................7

3.2.1. Interview ......................................................................................................................7

3.2.2. Data processing and analysis.......................................................................................8

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......................................................................................9

4.1. Composition and distribution of pynophyta species by elevation in Xuan Nha Nature

Reserve...................................................................................................................................9

4.2. Determine the distribution of Pinophyta species by altitude ........................................12

4.3. Characteristics distribution, ecology, capacity of regeneration of species belonging to

Pinophyta at Xuan Nha Nature Reserve. .............................................................................16

4.3.1. Fokienia hodginsii( Dunn) A. Henry& H. Thomas...................................................16

4.3.2. Keteleeria evelyniana Mast........................................................................................21

4.3.3. Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub. ................................................................25

4.3.4. Nageia fleuryi (Hickel) de Laub ................................................................................28

4.3.5. Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz......................................................................................30

4.3.6. Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. et Hook.................................................................34

4.3.7. Amentotaxus argotaenia (Hance) Pilger....................................................................36

4.3.8. Cunninghamia knonishii Hayata................................................................................39

4.3.9. Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang .....................................................................42

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4.3.10. Pinus cernua L. K. Phan ex Aver., K. S. Nguyen & T. H. Nguyen. ........................45

4.4. Technical solutions: ......................................................................................................48

4.4.1. Ex- situ conservation .................................................................................................48

4.4.2. In-situ conservation....................................................................................................49

4.5. Solution of mechanism, policy and attraction of investment: ......................................50

4.5.1. Completing the institutional, policy and law.............................................................51

4.6. Economic and social Solutions.....................................................................................52

4.7. Challenges and Opportunity .........................................................................................53

4.7.1 Challenges...................................................................................................................53

4.7.2. Opportunity................................................................................................................53

V. DISCUSSION.................................................................................................................54

VI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEMDATION............................................................55

6.1. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................55

6.2. Recommendation ..........................................................................................................56

REFERENCES

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TABLE OF TABLE

Table 3.1. Investigation of species in transect line ................................................................6

Table 3.2. Investigation of reproduction trees in transect line...............................................6

Table 4.1. The composition of Pinophyta species in 9 transect lne.......................................9

Table 4.2. Status of conservation species of Pinophyta branches in Xuan Nha natural

conservation. ........................................................................................................................14

Table 4.3. Nature regeneration of Po mu acorrding to line: ................................................19

Table 4.4. Regeneration of Po mu around stool mother:.....................................................20

Table 4.5. Regeneration of Du sam according to the line: ..................................................23

Table 4.6. Regeneration around the stool mather of Du sam nui dat ..................................24

Table 4.7. Natural regeneration of Thong nang...................................................................26

Table 4.8. Rregeneration of Thong nang around stool mother............................................27

Table 4.9. Natural regeneration in lines Green Technology................................................32

Table 4.10. Regeneration of species around the mother Calocedrus trees .........................33

Table 4.11. Regeneration of Amentotaxus argotaenia under parent tree.............................38

Table 4.12. The status of Pinus kwangtungensis.................................................................44

Table 4.13. The status of Pinus cernua ................................................................................46

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I. INTRODUCTION

Botany is rich and diverse with approximately 250,000 species of high plants,

including Pinophyta accounted for only 600 species, a modest figure.In Vietnam, most of

natural conifers are under threat in certain levels because of natural disaster and human

impact. Pinophyta diversity has seriously threatened, many gymnosperm species have

economic value, some species are using in comestics and paper industry, some are using in

cancer treatment. Profits from the sale of products from pinophyta for human service leads

to over exploitation allow severely affected forest to pinophyta diversity. The

development of the national economy exchanged by many hectares of forest were cleared,

land for construction of industrial areas and residential areas, new city...Further more,

Human activities affect many aspects to environment of forest. Ecosystem change cause

pinophyta cannot survive anymore, pollutant also cause bad effect of pinophyta. Global

warming destroy habitat and living conditions of pinophyta. Vietnam have about 29

species of Pinophyta living in natural conditions. Many species of pinophyta is under

threatened and endangered level such as Taxus wallichiana, Podocarpus neriifolius,

Dacrycarpus imbricatus...

Recognizing the value of gymnosperm species, Vietnam government have more

concern and protection policy of Pinophyta. Xuan Nha Natural Reserve etablished under

Decision No.3440/QD-UBND November 11, 2002 of People’s committee of Son La

Province with 60.000ha. Xuan Nha Natural Reserve located in Moc Chau district, in the

south west of Son La Province, The East and the South of Xuan Nha Natural Reserve abut

on Hoa Binh and Thanh Hoa Province. In 1991, Goverment released investment project for

Xuan Nha Natural Reserve proposed 38.489 ha conservation area, including 15.489 ha

protected zones, 22.172 ha ecological restoration zones, 66.436 ha buffer zones.

Xuan Nha Nature Reserve have the peak of Pha Luong with 1868m, the highest

peak of Xuan Nha Natural Reserve located in mountainous of Viet-Lao border. Xuan Nha