Conservation Of Cinnamomum Parthenoxylon Jack Meisn In Hoa Binh Province

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

AND TRAINING AND RURAL DEVELOPMEN

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY

BUI TRUNG HIEU

CONSERVATION OF CINNAMOMUM PARTHENOXYLON

(JACK) MEISN. IN HOA BINH PROVINCE

Major: Tropical forestry

Faculty: Silvicultural

ID: 8620201

Course: 2018 - 2020

MASTER DISSERTATION

ACADEMIC ADVISOR:

PROF. DR. HOANG VAN SAM

HANOI, 2021

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

During the time conducted this study, I received lot of support, guidance

and encouragement.

Foremost, I would like to express my endless thanks and gratefulness to

my supervisor- Prof/Dr. Hoang Van Sam for his kindly support and patient

guidance.

Besides, I feel great pleasure to extend my thanks to all other staff in

Hang Kia – Pa Co Natural Reserve and Thuong Tien Natural Reserve for

helping during the time I carried out the experiment and providing me a lot of

valuable information.

I also want to send my sincere gratitude to my family for always

supporting me and giving me endless love, care and motivation.

Finally, I thanks to my friends, their friendship as well as their great

support gave me strength and lifted me up all the trouble.

ii

ABTRACT

Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisn, which is rare and poorly

regenerated. The species has been recorded in Vietnam Red Book (2007) with

the ranking of CR level and in the List of endangered, precious and rare forest

flora and fauna (group 2) of Decree No.84/2021/ND-CP of the Vietnamese

Government to restrict exploitation and use for commercial purposes. In study

area, C.parthenoxylon was scattered in some points with very few individuals.

They distributed in different elevation ranging from 319-1352m. Forests

where C.parthenoxylon distributed usually had two wooden layer structure,

mainly in the forest state IIA, IIB, IIIA, and IIIB. The most common species

were: Castanopsis hystrix, Manglietia conifera, Adinandra integerrima,

Homalocladium platycladum, Quercus macrocalyx, Clerodendron fragrans.

The regeneration trees density of forest in the study area was normal.

Essential oil content of C.parthenoxylon was average of 0.95%; 1.07%;

1.03%; corresponding to leaves, bark and branches. In bark was the highest

oil content compare with leaves and branches. Using IAA with a

concentration of 400 ppm, and using the formula: 50% basalt red soil + 50%

sand for propagation.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................... i

ABTRACT ................................................................................................................. ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................... iii

LIST OF TABLE ...................................................................................................... iv

LIST OF FIGURE..................................................................................................... vi

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................1

Chapter 2. OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH.............................................................3

2.1. In the World ......................................................................................................3

2.1.1. Researches on biodiversity and conservations.......................................3

2.1.2. Researches on conservation of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (jack)

meisn. ...............................................................................................................6

2.2. In Vietnam.........................................................................................................6

2.2.1. Researches on biodiversity and conservations.......................................6

2.2.2. Researches on conservation of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (jack)

meisn ................................................................................................................8

Chapter 3. GOAL, OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH QUESTION .................11

3.1. Goal .................................................................................................................11

3.2. Specific objectives ..........................................................................................11

3.2. Research questions..........................................................................................11

Chapter 4. MATERIAL & METHOD..................................................................12

4.1. Study site.........................................................................................................12

4.1.1. Hang Kia - Pa Co Natural Reserve.........................................................12

4.1.2. Thuong Tien Natural Reserve ................................................................14

4.2. Data inheritance method .................................................................................15

4.3. Field investigation method..............................................................................15

4.3.1. Collect data along survey transects. .......................................................15

4.3.2. Sampling methods..................................................................................17

4.4. Non-field investigation method ......................................................................19

4.4.1. Data processing ......................................................................................19

iv

4.4.2. Analyzing the content of essential oil in cinnamomum parthenoxylon.20

4.4.3. Propagation.............................................................................................21

Chapter 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..........................................................24

5.1. Morphological characteristics of C. parthenoxylon in Hoa Binh province..........24

5.1.1. Stem and branches..................................................................................24

5.1.2. Leaves:....................................................................................................24

5.1.3. Flower and fruit ......................................................................................29

5.2. Ecological characteristics of C. parthenoxylon in Hoa Binh province...........30

5.2.1. Distribution of C. parthenoxylon in Hoa Binh province........................30

5.2.2. Forest structural where C.parthenoxylon distributed. ............................34

5.3. Results of essential oil content of C. parthenoxylon in the Hoa Binh province...41

5.3.1. Material dryness .....................................................................................41

5.3.2. Raw material status ................................................................................42

5.3.3. Time........................................................................................................44

5.3.4. Results of determination of essential oil content from the collected samples..45

5.4. Results of propagation of C. parthenoxylon in the Hoa Binh province..........47

5.4.1. Effect of concentration and type of stimulant on rooting ability ...........47

5.4.2. Effect of potting composition on survival rate and growth of cuttings..50

5.5. Difficulties, challenges and solutions to conservation of C.parthenoxylon....54

5.5.1. Difficulties and challenges.....................................................................54

5.5.2. Proposing some solutions to conserve C.parthenoxylon........................55

CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................58

REFERENCES..........................................................................................................60

APPENDICES

v

LIST OF TABLE

Table 4.1: Survey of overstorey floor .......................................................................17

Table 4.2: Survey of regeneration.............................................................................18

Table 4.3: Survey of six-tree plot..............................................................................19

Table 5.1. Leaf size of C. parthenoxylon in HangKia-PaCo NR..............................25

Table 5.2. Leaf size of C. parthenoxylon in ThuongTien NR ..................................26

Table 5.3. Size of tissue layers of of C. parthenoxylon leaves.................................27

Table 5.4. Chlorophyll content of C. parthenoxylon leaves .....................................27

Table 5.5. Investigation results on C.parthenoxylon in Hoa Binh province.............30

Table 5.6. Composition formula of overstorey layer where C.parthenoxylon

distributed..................................................................................................................34

Table 5.7. Composition formula of regeration layer where C.parthenoxylon

distributed..................................................................................................................37

Table 5.8. Frequency and size of species that grows on nearby with C.

parthenoxylon............................................................................................................40

Table 5.9. Essential oil content according to material dryness.................................42

Table 5.10. Essential oil content according to material size.....................................42

Table 5.11. Variability of essential oil content over time.........................................44

Table 5.12. Essential oil content on selected trees....................................................45

Table 5.13. Effect of concentration and type of stimulant on rooting ability...........48

Table 5.14. Cuttings growth at nursery stage............................................................50

vi

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 4.1. Study area ...............................................................................................12

Figur 5.1. Stems and branches morphology..............................................................24

Figure 5.2 Leaf morphology .....................................................................................26

Figure 5.3. Anatomical images of C. parthenoxylon leaves.....................................28

Figure 5.4. Flowers of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon ...............................................29

Figure 5.5. Fruit of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon ....................................................29

Figure 5.6. Distribution map of C.parthenoxylon in HangKia – PaCo.....................32

Figure 5.7. Distribution map of C.parthenoxylon in Thuong Tien Natural Reserve 33

Figure 5.8. Procedure of oil distillation ....................................................................43

Figure 5.9. C parthenoxylon oil after distillation......................................................44

Figure 5.10. Essential oil content of C.parthenoxylon in Hoa Binh province ..........46

Figure 5.11. Effect of concentration and type of stimulant on rooting ability..........50

Figure 5.12. Effect of potting composition on survival rate of cuttings...................52

Figure 5.13. Effect of potting composition on root diameter growth .......................53

Figure 5.14. Effect of potting composition on height growth...................................54

1

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Vietnam is recognized as one of the countries with the highest

biodiversity in the world, with a rich and endemic variety of ecosystems,

species and genetic resources. Diversity of ecosystems including forests,

marine, wetlands, abundance of species and genetic resources of organisms,

and the environmental services provided by them. Together with the system

of traditional knowledge and local culture on resource management and use,

has made the biodiversity playing an extremely important role and value in

ensuring food security and socio-economic development. Especially in the

field of agriculture, forestry and fishery. However, it cannot be denied the fact

that biodiversity resources in Viet Nam are constantly being degraded under

the pressure of population growth, overexploitation of biological resources

and trade-offs with economic development priorities. The loss of natural

forests, leading to land degradation due to erosion, rivers and lakes being

sedimentation, the environment changed, the drought and floods increased,

greatly affecting all aspects of life of many residential areas. Deforestation

also means the loss of diversity in genetic resources of fauna and flora.

Hoa Binh is a mountainous province, bordering the west of the Red

River Delta. Hoa Binh has medium mountainous terrain, complex division

and high slope. The topography of Hoa Binh divided into two regions: high

mountains in the northwest have an average elevation of 600 - 700 m, and

the low mountainous area is located in the southeast. Hoa Binh has a humid

subtropical climate, with little rain in winter and hot, lots of rain in

summers. With these conditions, Hoa Binh is considered one of the

biodiversity centers of the northwest region of Viet Nam. Biodiversity in

Hoa Binh is concentrated mainly in two nature reserves: Hang Kia - Pa Co

and Thuong Tien.