Các nguyên tắc quy hoạch phát triển đô thị thông minh

DIEN BAN BAO TAO flUY HOACH

tAC NGUYEN TAC QUY HOACH

PHATTRIEN DO THI THONG MINH

Th.S.KS Pham Thi Hue Linh

T

rio ldu Phit trien dd thi Thdng minh

(Smart Growth) l i mdt trong nhdng

xu hudng quy hoaeh vi phit trien

dd thi manh me tai Hoa Ky trong vii

thap nien qua, nham khac phue cic nhupc

diem eua qui trinh phat trien dd thi tran

lan, qua le thupc vao d td va khuyen khich

sd dung d td ci nhin, chieu theo thi hieu

mudn sd hdu cic ein nha dang biet thu mat

dp thap, tuong ddi tich biet d ngoai d... de

hudng tdi nhdng dd thi hieu qui hon, thin

thien hon, ting khi ning vi nhu cau giao

tiep eua ngUdi din, tiet kiem cic ngudn ldc

tu nhien va xi hdi.

Trong trio lUu manh me dd, Duany

Plater-Zyberk va Cdng Ty (DPZ) d i xiy dung

bp tieu chuin quy hoach dd thi thdng minh

(Smartcode) nhim nang eao sU linh manh,

an toin v i cdng bang trong cic dd thi, bao

gdm: bio ve mdi trddng, bio ve cic ngudn

lUe ve dit dai, ning Idpng va cic ngudn lUc

tu nhien khic, giim thieu tie nghen giao

thdng, sd dung hieu qui hon cic ngudn

lue edng edng, tao khdng gian di bd linh

manh hon, bio tdn cic gii tri lich sd, dim

bio khdng gian eho giio due va nghi ngoi,

han ehe phit trien dd thi tran lan va nang

cap khdng gian dd thi ndi ehung.

Bd tieu chuin d i dda ra cic md dun thiet

ke dien hinh cho quy md mpt dd thi, mdt

khu vdc cpng ddng, mpt d phd va cic cdng

trinh xiy ddng. Tuong dng vdi cic quy md

nay d Viet Nam l i quy md eua dd i n quy

hoaeh chung, quy hoaeh phin khu va quy

hoaeh chi tiet.

Cic tieu chuan thiet ke eu the cd the xiy

ddng khic nhau vi thudng kem theo yeu

cau khi sd dung phii phu hop va lim noi

bit cic dieu kien rieng cua moi khu vdc,

nhung nhdng nguyen tic cin ban dUpc

de xuat trong bd Tieu chuin phit trien dd

thi thdng minh cua Duany Plater-Zyberk va

Cdng ty l i nhdng due ket rit can dupe tham

khio, suy ngam vi no lUc thue hien trong

bdi cinh quy hoach cua Viet Nam hien nay.

Bao gdm 3 nhdm nguyen tie sau:

I. Cac nguyen tac can dUOc dam bao

trong quy hoach phat trien do thi

1. Cin duy tri, khdi phuc vi tdn tao dupe

cic he sinh thii tu nhien cung nhU nhdng

cinh quan die trUng tu nhien dUpc tao bdi

dia hinh, cic vung lim nghiep, ndng nghiep,

hinh lang ven sdng vi cic dii ven bien...

Nguyen tie nay dupe Smartcode dUa

len hang dau cho tha'y thii dp coi trpng ddi

vdi cic gii tri sinh thii tu nhien, ndng, lam

nghiep. Oe thuc hien dUOc nguyen tic niy,

cic do in quy hoach dd thi can tien hinh

nghien cdu, dinh gia, nhan dien cac he sinh

thii tu nhien, cic cau true cinh quan die

trUng tao nen bdi dia hinh, cic vung ndng

nghiep, lim nghiep, hinh lang ven sdng va

cic dii ven bien... TrUdc khi dinh gii dat

xiy dung thuin loi, ein xie dinh cic vung

cinh quan vi he sinh thii die trUng can

dupe bio ve. Hay ndi cich khie, can danh

gii nhdng vung cam vi han che xay ddng

trUde rdi mdi xie dinh cic khu dit cd the

xiy dung dd thi.

2. Quy hoaeh va chien lupc phit trien

can ehu trpng viec cii tao, ning cap, xen cay

trong cic khu vUe hien hdu song song vdi

viec phit trien cic khu vdc mdi

Oay cung la mpt nguyen tie rat quan

trpng trUdc tinh trang hau het cic do thi

eua Viet Nam deu qui chu trpng tdi viee

phit trien cac khu dd thi mdi mi xem nhe,

thim ehi bd roi cic khu dd thi hien hdu.

Trong khi cic khu dd thi hien hdu l i noi

chda dung cic gia tri vin hda, nhin vin va

cae tiem luc kinh te da dang cua dd thi. Vin

de chinh cua cic khu dd thi hien hdu tai Viet

Nam thudng la thieu CO sd ha tang va thieu

khdng gian cdng edng. Oe cii tao va ning

cap cic khu dd thi hien hdu, dieu kien ein la

chinh quyen dd thi phii nhan thdc rd ring

trich nhiem cua minh trong van de nay va

tieh cue thue diy cung nhu true tiep td chUc

thuc hien eae hoat ddng cii tao nang cap.

Viec cai tao nang cap cic khu dd thi hien

hdu thudng mang lai loi ich va co hdi cho

nhieu thinh phin din cU, trong khi cic khu

dd thj mdi thudng chi ed the phuc vu cho

mpt sd it cic nhdm ddi tUong nao do trong

xa hpi.

3. Cic khu vUe phit trien mdi ke can vdl

dd thi cin dUOc ket ndi vdi cic khu do thj

hien hdu ei ve ha tang va canh quan

Giy la mdt nguyen tic gan nhd mang

tinh hien nhien va dupc khang dinh trong

Quy ehui'n xiy ddng Viet Nam ve quy hoaeh

xay dung, nhUng lai thudng xuyen bi bd

qua. Oac biet la trong trddng hpp ehu dau

td phat trien cic khu vUc phit trien mdi

l i don vi td chUe lap quy hoaeh. Trong rat

nhieu trudng hop khac, mac du do i n quy

hoach cd dda ra cic giii phip ket ndi ve ha

tang v i cinh quan gida eae khu vdc phit

trien mdi v i cae khu vUc hien hdu, nhung

cic giii phap niy khdng dupe ehinh quyen

dd thi ehu trpng thue hien, cung vdi sii

budng Idng hoac yeu kem trong quin ly,

cic khu vdc hien hdu dan bi cd lap, bao vay

bdi cic khu vuc phit trien mdi va tinh trang

ngiy cing trd nen khd khin, cae giai phip

ket ndi ngay cang trd nen khdng khi thi,

die biet l i d cic dd thi Idn.

4. Nhdng khu vue phit trien mdi khdng

ke can vdi dd thi can dUOc to chde thanh cic

khu ddthi hoin chinh

Nguyen tie nay la tdi can thiet de dam

bio sdc sdng eho cic khu vdc phit trien

mdi khdng ke can vdi dd thi hien hdu, ke ci

cic do thi ve tinh. Viec phit trien thanh cic

khu do thi hoin chinh, cho du cd mdi quan

he tdong tie vdi cac dd thi khie trong vung,

giup tang tinh da nang (mdt trong nhdng

yeu ciu thiet yeu de phat trien ben vdng)

cho dd thi, giim nhu cau giao thdng gida

khu vuc niy vdi cic do thi khie. Viec phit

trien mdt khu vdc dd thi khdng ke can vdi

eae dd thi hien hdu can khai thic duoc cac

mdi lien he v i tiem ning mang lai do sU ket

ndi vdi cic dd thi khic trong vung, ddng

thdi phii giim thieu den mdc thap nhat cac

nhu eau giao thdng khdng gin vdi cac moi

quan he lien vung.

5. Nha d phu hpp vdi khi nang chi tri

42!Binni^n9i 02.2011