Bảo hiểm hàng rời - một số vấn đề trao đổi

NGHllN cdu TRAO edl So 7(72)72009 1

Bao hiem hang rcfi - Mot so

van de trao doi ,, , , ,v TS.OOAN MINH PHUNG

NHiSNG nam gin day, ty IS bdi thudng Bio hiem hing hoa nhap khau dd'i vdi mgt so mp

hing rdi nhuphan dam urea, khd dau tUdng (thQc an gia sue)... cua cic cdng ty Bio hiem

Vigt Nam da Ien den mQc bio ddng. Tinh trang niy da dQdc nhac defi nhieu trong cic bio

cio tdng kit thudng nien eua cic DhJ Bio hiem eung nhQ cac cuge hgp ban khdng chuyen ve

Bio hiem hing hoi cua Hiep hdi Bio hiem Vigt Nam. Dieu ding budn la tinh trang niy khong

nhQng khdng dQdc cii thien mi edn ed xu hudng gia tang. Vay nguyen nhan cua tinh trang nay

nim d dau?

Trudc hi t xin dUdc diem qua

vdi net v l thyc tien nhap khau,

bde xIp, giao nhdn vd van tai hai

logi hdng ndy.

Bao hiem hai mat hang rdi Ure

vd khd dau tuong la nghiep vu

dem lai doanh thu dang ke cho

ede cdng ty bap hiem tai Viet

nam, vi hai mat hang nay cd kim

nggch Idn, thudng dupc nhap

theo dilu kien CFR. Hdn nQa, dd

ty Id phi BH cua 2 mat hang nay

cap hPn cac mat hang khac nen

n l u cung mdt sd tien Bao hiem

nhu nhau, sd phi Bao hilm thu

dUdc tu mdt^ chuyin hang nay

nbilu hon ban phi thu ciia cdc

djch vu khac (phi thu 1 tau hang

thudng tU 100 trieu ddng den

700 trieu ddng). Phan Idn Urea

duoc nhap khau tU thj trudng

Trung Ddng, Nga, Trung Quoc,

khd dau tuong dupc nhap tU

Argentina, an dd, Trung Qud'c,

Hoa Ky.

Ddi vdi cac mat hang tren neu

dUdc nhap khau tu Trung Ddng

hodc Hoa Ky thi viec xay ra thieu

byt trpng luong rat ft tham chf

neu tau xep cd 3 van tan cd the

thUa ra tU 50 - 100 tan hang, Sd

dT nhy vay bdi Id ddi vdi cac

nude nay vide xep dd hang rdi

cd ky thugt tu ddng hpa rat cap ft

chju sy tdc ddng cua cpn ngudi,

Ngpai ra khdng cd sy thdng

ddng cua ngudi ban vdi cac cd

quan gidm sat/gidm djnh. NhUng

ngUde Igi del vdi cdc nUde cdn

Igi tbi vide thdng ddng ciia ngudi

ban vdi cac cO quan gidm

sat/gidm djnh de xI p thieu hang

Id kha phd bien (khdng bao gid

cd ehuyen thUa hang), ngay ca

khi hang v l thing cang Sai Gdn

rdi duoc dua thang Ien ddng bao

sau dd qua can tai edng cang ma

khdng he qua chuyen tai thi vide

thieu hut trong luong vdn xay ra

rat Idn.

Nguyen nhan cua vide thieu

hyt nay lieu cd phai do rOi vai

trong qua trinh dd hdng, ddng

bge tgi ede cin g bien Vidt Nam

bay khdng? Xin dUOc tra Idi nggy

rang thyc te bde dd cdc mat

hdng tren tai cae eang bien Viet

Nam, cac xi nghiep bde dd

thudng tri i bgt Ien mat cau cang

vd dung gau mue dd vdo xild tU

dd ddng vdo eae bao 50kgs. Do

vay viec rdi vdi hao hyt hdng

tren mat boong vd khe hd giQa

mgn tau va cau tau Id rat nhd

chf vdo kheang tU 0,005 den

0,01%/ tdng trong luong hang

(phan thilu hyt ndy thupc trdch

nhiem bac hiem).

Vi cd ten that v l hao hut trong

luong rat Idn nen cdc cdng ty

nhdp khau thudng mug bi c hiem

thee dieu kien: 'A' + qua lan can

mgn tau sau dd ddng bac qua

can cang + mUc mien thudng cd

khau trU tU 0,3% - 0,35 % thilu

hyt trpng luong bang qua can ddi

vdi hang Urea vd tU 0,45% -

0,55% thieu hut trong IUdng

hang qua can ddi vdi hdbg kho

dau tUOng.

Cung nhu cac logi hdng rdi

khdc, ddi vdi hai mat hang ndy

thudng cdc hang tdu nhan hdng

theo mdn nudc (Trong IUdng

hdng hod tren B/L dUOc ky dya

theo mdn nUdc). V l mdt ly

thuyet, vide xdc djnh trong IUdng

hang bod theo mdn nudc tau dya

tren eo sd mdt dinh ludt vdt ly la:

"Trpng IUdng cua mdt vdt nil

tren mdt nudc dung bing trpng

luong eua the tfch nudc bj vdt dd

chiem cho". Chang hgn trong

dil u kien binh thudng, mdt vat

ndi trong mdi trudng nude ngpt

chiem 1 met khdi the tich nudc

thi vdt dd nang dung bang 1 tan.

Cdn nl u trong mdi trudng nUdc

bien thi vdt dd cd the ndng tif

1020kg den 1035kg tuy dd mdn

ciia nudc biln . Dua vdo djnh luat

nay, trudc khi xI p hdng, cdc

gidm djnh vien xac djnh mdn

nudc tdu de tinh trpng IUdng tau

(Gl) ( Gibap gdm ca dy trO

nhien lieu, thyc phgm, nudc

ngpt, nudc bgldt, thuy thii

doan,..,), sau khi xep hdng xong

hp lai do mdn nudc tdu de xdc

djnh trong lupng todn tdu sau khi

da xI p bdng xpng (G2), NhU vdy

4 8 Tap chi nghien cilu tai chinh he toan