Bài giảng điện tử - Yếu tố quan trọng góp phần đổi mới phương pháp dạy học vật lí

BAI GIANG DIEN TU^- YEU TO QUAN TRONG

GOP PHAN DOI Mtil PHU0NG PHAP DAY HOO VAT Ll

O PGS. TS. LE CON G TRIEM*

Trong nhung ndm gdn ddy, mdy vi finh dugc

sii dyng rdng rdi trong nhd trudng vdi tu

cdch Id phuang tien dgy hgc. Hinh thuc su

dyng mdy vi tinh trong dgy hgc rdt do dgng vd

phong phii; trong dd, bdi gidng dien tu (BGDT)

Id mdt hinh thuc su dyng phd bien. BGDT cd the

dugc viet dudi bdt ki ngdn ngu ldp trinh ndo,

tuy theo trinh do cdng nghe thdng tin ciio ngudi

Viet hodc dya vdo cdc phdn mim trinh dien sdn

cd nhu: PowerPoint, Frontpage, Publisher,

Lecture Maker...

1. Dqc trung ciia BGDT

BGDT Id mot hinh thuc dqy hqc md d dd, todn

bd kien thuc, hoqt ddng dqy hqc di u dugc gido

vien (GV) «chucmg trinh hod" dilu khien thdng

qua mdi trudng mulfimedio do mdy vi tinh tqo

ro. Multimedia dugc hieu Id do phucmg tien, da

mdi trudng, do truyin thdng. Trong mdi trudng

multimedia, thdng tin dugc truyin di dudi cdc

.dqng: vdn bdn (text); dd hoq (graphics); hoqt dnh

(animation); dnh chyp (image); dm thanh (audio)

vd video (video clip).

Cdn phdn biet giua hoi khdi niem: giao an

dien fu (GADT) vd BGDT. GADT Id bdn thiet ke

cy the todn bd ke hoqch hoqt ddng dqy hgc ciia

GV trong gid len Idp, GADT Id mdt sdn phdm

Clio hoqt ddng thie't ke bdi dqy dugc the hien

bdng vdt chdt trudc khi bdi gidng dugc hen hdnh.

GADT chinh Id bdn thie't ke ciio BGDT. Vi vdy,

xdy dyng GADT hoy thie't ke BGDT Id hoi cdch

gqi khdc nhau de cd dugc BGDT. Ddc trung co

bdn nhd't ciio BGDT Id todn bd kien thuc ciio bdi

hgc, mgi hogt ddng dilu khien ciio GV deu dugc

mulfimedio hod mdt cdch chi fiet, cd cdu true chdt

che vd logic, dugc quy djnh bdi myc tieu vd cdu

true cuo bdi hgc.

Multimedia hod kien thuc Id budc quan trqng

nhd't cho viec thiet ke BGDT, Id net ddc trung co

bdn Clio BGDT de phdn biet vdi cdc loqi bdi gidng

truyen thdng, hodc cdc loqi bdi gidng cd sy hd

Tap ehi Giao due so 24 0 (ki2-6/2oio)

trg mdt phdn ciio mdy vi tinh. Viec mulfimedio

hod dugc thyc hien quo cdc budc: 1) Du lieu hoa

thong fin kie'n thuc; 2) Phan loqi kie'n thuc: dugc

khai thdc dudi dqng vdn bdn, bdn dd, dd hoq,

dnh ITnh, phim, dm thanh... Lugng kiln thuc cho

mdt bdi gidng tren Idp thudng rdt nhilu vd cdc

hinh thuc td chuc hogt ddng dqy hgc rdt phong

phu vd do dqng. GV cdn chgn lyo ndi dung kien

thuc ndo dugc trinh bdy dudi dqng vdn bdn, so

dd, tranh dnh, video clip... Nhung hinh dnh, so

dd, video clip dd dugc trinh bdy dudi dgng ngudn

kien thuc hd trg hgc sinh (HS) hoqt ddng hgc tdp

chu khdng chi minh hoq don thudn; 3) Tien hanh

suu tap hoac xay dyng moi ngudn tu lieu se su

dyng trong bai hqc. Ngudn tu lieu ndy thudng

dugc Idy tu mdt phdn mem dgy hgc ndo dd hodc

tu internet, Encarto...; hodc duqc xdy dyng mdi

bdng dd hoq, bdng dnh quet, dnh chyp, quay

video, bdng cdc phdn mim dd hoq chuyen dyng

nhu Macromedia Flash; 4) Xu li cae tu lieu thu

duge de nang cao chdt lugng ve hinh dnh, am

thanh. Khi su dyng cdc doqn phim, hinh dnh, dm

thanh cdn phdi ddm bdo cdc yeu cdu ve mdt ndi

dung, phuong phdp, thd'm mT vd y dd su phqm.

2 Cdu true ciia BGDT

De cd mgt BGDT tdt, tieu chudn trudc hit phdi

Id mdt bdi gidng cd cdu true chdt che tu hinh thuc,

ndi dung den viec thiet ldp cdc hieu ung, cdc lien

kit thdng quo he thdng bdng chgn. Nin trinh diln

phdi dugc thiet ke thdng nhdt trong sudt qud trinh

dqy hgc, boo gdm ten bdi vd cdc de myc, tieu

myc. Cdu triic dd cdn phdi dugc luu Iqi giup HS

theo ddi bdi gidng mdt cdch cd he thdng.

Ddi vdi mdi bdi dqy nen dung khung, mdu

nin (bockround) thd'ng nhd't cho cdc trong/slide,

hqn che su dyng cdc mdu qud chdi hodc qud

tuong phdn nhau. Khdng nen Iqm dyng cdc hieu

ung trinh diln theo kieu «mdu me", thu hiit sy td

md khdng cdn thiet, phdn tdn su tdp trung chu y

* Trucfng Dai Iipc sir pham - Dai hpc Hue