World Military Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary

World

Military Leaders

A Biographical Dictionary

World

Military Leaders

A Biographical Dictionary

Mark Grossman

World Military Leaders: A Biographical Dictionary

Copyright © 2007 by Mark Grossman

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or

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information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the pub￾lisher. For information contact:

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ISBN-10: 0-8160-4732-4

ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-4732-1

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Grossman, Mark.

World military leaders : a biographical dictionary / by Mark Grossman.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8160-4732-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Military biography—Dictionaries.

I. Title.

U51.G76 2005

355'.0092'2—dc22 2005008908

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Text design by Joan M. McEvoy

Cover design by Cathy Rincon

Printed in the United States of America

VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

This book is dedicated to my good friends Carol Hoffman,

Paula Herbst, and Audrey and Alan Taylor,

without whose incredible support this volume

would not have been completed;

and to my niece Julie Grossman

and my nephew Bradley Grossman,

who wanted to see their name in print

and finally get the chance.

Breathes There the Man

Sir Walter Scott

Breathes there the man with soul so dead

Who never to himself hath said,

This is my own, my native land!

Whose heart hath ne’er within him burned,

As home his footsteps he hath turned

From wandering on a foreign strand?

If such there breathe, go, mark him well;

For him no minstrel raptures swell;

High though his titles, proud his name,

Boundless his wealth as wish can claim,

Despite those titles, power, and pelf,

The wretch, concentrated all in self,

Living, shall forfeit fair renown,

And, doubly dying, shall go down

To the vile dust from whence he sprung,

Unwept, unhonored, and unsung.

List of Entries

xi

Introduction

xv

Entries A to Z

1

Bibliography

367

Index

403

Contents

List of Entries

Abbas I

Abercromby, Sir Ralph

Æthelstan

Aetius, Flavius

Agricola, Gnaeus Julius

Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius

Ahenobarbus, Cnaeus Domitius

Alaric I

Albert, archduke of Austria

Alexander, Sir Harold Rupert Leofric George,

first earl Alexander of Tunis

Alexander the Great

Alfred the Great

Allenby, Edmund Henry Hynman, first viscount

Allenby of Megiddo

Alp-Arslan Mohammed Ibn Da’ud

Alva, Fernando álvarez de Toledo, duke of

Amherst, Jeffrey, Baron Amherst of Montreal

Anson, George, Baron Anson of Soberton

Antony, Mark

Astley, Jacob, Baron Astley

Attila the Hun

Augereau, Pierre-François-Charles, duc de

Castiglione

Augustus

Bagration, Prince Pyotr Ivanovich

Baird, Sir David

Barclay de Tolly, Mikhail Bogdanovich

Basil II

Bazaine, François-Achille

Beatty, David, first earl Beatty, Viscount Borodale of

Wexford, Baron Beatty of the North Sea and of

Brooksby

Belisarius

Benbow, John

Beresford, William Carr, Viscount Beresford

Bernadotte, Jean-Baptiste-Jules, prince de

Pontecorvo

Berwick, James FitzJames, first duke of

Birdwood, Sir William Riddell, Baron Birdwood of

Anzac and Totnes

Blake, Robert

Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von

Boscawen, Edward

Boudicca

Braddock, Edward

Bradley, Omar Nelson

Brauchitsch, Heinrich Alfred Hermann Walther von

Brereton, Sir William

Brock, Sir Isaac

Brusilov, Alexei Alexseievich

Budenny, Semyon Mikhailovich

Buller, Sir Redvers Henry

Burgoyne, John

xi

xii  list of entries

Caesar, Julius Gaius

Campbell, Sir Colin, Baron Clyde

Charles XII

Charles, archduke of Austria

Charles Martel

Churchill, John, first duke of Marlborough

Clare, Richard FitzGilbert de, second earl of

Pembroke

Clark, Mark Wayne

Clinton, Sir Henry

Clive, Robert Clive, Baron

Condé, Louis II de Bourbon, prince de

Coote, Sir Eyre

Cornwallis, Charles, first marquis and second earl

Cornwallis, Viscount Brome, Baron Cornwallis

of Eye

Crassus, Marcus Licinius

Cromwell, Oliver

Cyrus the Great

Darius I

Davout, Louis-Nicolas

Dayan, Moshe

Decatur, Stephen

Decius, Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus

Denikin, Anton Ivanovich

Dewey, George

Drake, Sir Francis

Early, Jubal Anderson

Edmund II Ironside

Edward I

Edward II

Edward III

Eisenhower, Dwight David

Epaminondas

Essex, Robert Devereux, third earl of

Eugène, prince de Savoie-Carignan

Fairfax, Sir Thomas, third baron Fairfax, Baron

Fairfax of Cameron

Farragut, David Glasgow

Fisher, John Arbuthnot, Baron Fisher of

Kilverstone

Fleetwood, Charles

Foch, Ferdinand

Franks, Tommy Ray

Frederick II

French, Field Marshal Sir John Denton Pinkstone,

first earl French of Ypres and High Lake

Gaiseric

Gates, Horatio

Genghis Khan

Giap, Vo Nguyen

Gordon, Charles George

Grant, Ulysses Simpson

Greene, Nathanael

Gustav II

Haig, Douglas, first earl Haig and Baron Haig of

Bemersyde

Halsey, William Frederick, Jr.

Hamilcar Barca

Hamilton, Sir Ian Standish Monteith

Hancock, Winfield Scott

Hannibal

Harold II

Hawke, Edward, first baron Hawke of Towton

Hawkins, Sir John

Henry V

Hindenburg, Paul Ludwig Hans von Beneckendorf

und von

Holland, Henry Rich, first earl of

Hood, Samuel, first viscount Hood

Hooker, Joseph

Hopton, Ralph, first baron Hopton

Howard, Charles, second baron Howard of

Effingham and first earl of Nottingham

Howe, Richard, Earl Howe

Hunyadi, János

Ivan IV

Ivanov, Nikolai Yudovich

Jackson, Andrew

Jackson, Thomas Jonathan

Jellicoe, John Rushworth, Earl Jellicoe of Scapa

Joffre, Joseph-Jacques-Césaire

John III Sobieski

John of Austria

Jones, John Paul

Junot, Jean-Andoche Alexandre, duc d’Abrantes

Kamimura, Hikonojo, Baron Kamimura

Khaled ibn al-Walid

Kitchener, Horatio Herbert, first earl Kitchener of

Khartoum and Broome

list of entries xiii

Kluge, Hans Günther von

Kublai Khan

Kuropatkin, Alexei Nikolaevich

Kutuzov, Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev

Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves Roch-Gilbert du

Motier, marquis de

Lambert, John

Lannes, Jean, duc de Montebello

Lee, Robert Edward

Leslie, Alexander, first earl of Leven

Leslie, Sir David, first baron Newark

Lincoln, Benjamin

Lucan, George Charles Bingham, third earl of

MacArthur, Douglas

Macbeth

MacMahon, Marie-Edmé-Patrice-Maurice de, duc

de Magenta

Makharoff, Stepan Osipovich

Marion, Francis

Masséna, André, duc de Rivoli

Maurice, prince of Orange and count of Nassau

McClellan, George Brinton

Mehmet II

Miltiades

Moltke, Helmuth Johannes Ludwig, count von

Moltke

Moltke, Helmuth Karl Bernard, count von Moltke

Monash, Sir John

Monck, George, duke of Albemarle

Monmouth, James Scott, duke of

Montagu, Edward, second earl of Manchester

Montcalm de Saint-Véran, Louis-Joseph de

Montcalm, marquis de

Montfort, Simon de, earl of Leicester

Montgomery, Bernard Law, first viscount

Montgomery of Alamein

Montrose, James Graham, first marquis of

Moore, Sir John

Murat, Joachim

Napier, Sir Charles

Napier, Sir Charles James

Napoleon Bonaparte

Narses

Nebuchadnezzar

Nelson, Horatio, Viscount Nelson

Nevsky, Alexander, Saint

Newcastle, William Cavendish, duke of

Ney, Michel, duc d’Elchigen, prince of the Moskowa

Nimitz, Chester William

Nivelle, Robert-Georges

Nogi, Maresuke, Kiten

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, second duke of

Nur-ad-Din

Oda, Nobunaga

Oudinot, Nicolas Charles, duc de Reggio

Oxford, John de Vere, 13th earl of

Paskevich, Ivan Fedorovich

Patton, George Smith, Jr.

Paullus Macedonicus, Lucius Aemilius

Paulus, Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst

Penn, Sir William

Perry, Oliver Hazard

Pershing, John Joseph

Pétain, Henri-Philippe-Benoni-Omer-Joseph

Philip II

Philip VI

Phocion

Plumer of Messines, Herbert Charles Onslow

Plumer, first viscount

Pompey

Radetzky, Joseph Wenzel Anton Franz Karl, count

Radetzky von Radetz

Raglan, FitzRoy James Henry Somerset, first

baron

Ramses II

Rennenkampf, Pavel-Georges Karlovich von

Richard I the Lion-Hearted

Richard III

Ridgway, Matthew Bunker

Roberts, Frederick Sleigh, first earl Roberts of

Kandahar

Robert the Bruce

Rodney, George Brydges, first baron Rodney of

Stoke-Rodney

Rokossovsky, Konstantin Konstantinovich

Rommel, Erwin Johannes Eugen

Rooke, Sir George

Rosecrans, William Starke

Rupert, Prince

Saladin

xiv  list of entries

Samsonov, Alexander Vasilyevich

Santa Anna, Antonio López de

Sargon II

Saxe, Hermann Maurice, comte de

Scheer, Reinhard

Schwarzkopf, H. Norman

Scipio Africanus

Scott, Winfield

Sheridan, Philip Henry

Sherman, William Tecumseh

Slim, William Joseph, viscount Slim

Suchet, Louis-Gabriel, duc d’Albufera da Valencia

Taylor, Zachary

Theodoric the Great

Tilly, Johann Tserclaes, Count von

Timur

Togo, Heihachiro, Count

Tromp, Cornelis Maartenszoon Van

Tromp, Maarten Harpertszoon

Turenne, Henri de La Tour d’Auvergne, vicomte de

Vernon, Edward

Wallace, Sir William

Waller, Sir William

Warwick, Richard Neville, earl of

Washington, George

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, first duke of

Wet, Christiann Rudolf de

William I

Wolfe, James

Xerxes

Yamamoto, Isoroku

Zhukov, Georgi Konstantinovich