Vấn đề phân cấp, phân quyền ở Liên bang Myanmar

NHIN RA THE GIOI

VAN DE PHAN CAP, PHAN QUYEN

0 LIEN BANG MYANMAR

HO TRAN SY (*)

TA Diic HOA n

Tdm tat: Lien bang Myanmar la qud'e gia duy tri cd chd quan ly mang tinh tap trung hoa

cao. Hien phap nam 2008 ra ddi danh dau mdt bQdc ehuyen quan trong trong viec phan quyen,

phan cip quan ly nha ndde tai Myanmar. Bai viit gidi thieu kinh nghidm hoan thidn the che vi

day manh phin quyen, phan cip nham ning cao hipu qui hoat dpng cua ehinh quySn dia

phUdng eua Myanmar

TUkhoa: Chfnh quyen dia phUdng; Myanmar; phan cap, phan quyen.

Abstract: The Federal State of Myanmar Is a highly centralized country. The Introduction of

its 2008 Constitutions marked a crucial transition In the classification and decentralization of pow￾ers of state management In Myanmar This paper introduces the experience In improving the

institution and promoting the classification and decentralization of powers to enhance the effec￾tiveness of operations of local governments In Myanmar.

Keywords: Local government; Myanmar; classification and decentralization of powers.

Ngay nhan bai: 12/5/2020 Ngiy bien tip: 28/5/2020 Ngiy duyet dang: 24/6/2020

1. Cd sd phap ly cCia phan ca'p, phan

quyen d Myanmar

1.1. Hien phip

Hie'n phdp Myanmar nam 2008 da thie't

lap he thdng hdnh ehinh theo khu vQc, bao

gdm 7 bang vd 7 khu (gdm 05 khu tU quan, 01

phdn vung tU qudn vd vung lanh thd Thu dd

Nay Pyi Taw). Cdc bang vd khu hdnh chfnh

chia thanh cac quan/huyen; quan/huydn chia

thanh cdc thj tran va thj tra'n chia thdnh cae

phudng/xa. Hien phap nam 2008 quy djnh

ehfnh quyen cap bang/khu bao gdm cac cd

quan lap phdp, hdnh phdp vd tU phap. Cd

quan lap phap theo hinh thQe mot vien thdnh

lap qua bau cQ; cd quan hdnh phap ed ngQdi

dQng dau Id thu hien, ndi cdc gdm cde bd

trudng cap bang vd Tda an Id ed quan tU

phdp. Vide hinh thdnh chfnh quyen ca'p

bang/khu vUc cho thay budc ddi mdi trong

(') Vien Khoa hgc td chUc nha nUdc

(**) Van phong Bp Npi vij

vide phdn quyen eua chinh quyen trung Qdng.

Diem noi bat eua Myanmar la duy tri vai trd

cua quan dpi trong chinh quyen bang/khu vQc

khi nam VA sd ghd' tai ed quan lap phap va

ngudi dQng dau bd phan an ninh, bidn gidi

eua bang/khu vQc cd quyen thay mat thu hien

bang khi thii hien vang mat.

Tuy Hien phap nam 2008 da hinh thdnh

khung khd phdp ly eho vide phan quyen,

phan cap giOa trung Qdng vd dja phQdng tai

Myanmar; nhQng vide phdn quyen chQa thyc

sU day dd. Vi dy, cd quan hdnh phap dja

phUdng dUde giao quyen trdn 8 ITnh vUe chinh

(phdn thdnh 41 iTnh vuc nhd), nhung rat nhieu

trong sd dd lai ddn chieu thUe hien theo quy

djnh ciia ehinh quyen trung Udng. Du ede

bang mdi dUde giao thdm quyen trong mot sd

ITnh vUc, ddc biet ve quan ly dat dai, khai thde

md quy md nhd, bdo vd mdi trudng, phat trien

ngudn tdi nguydn nQdc, chdm sdc ngudi gid,

phu nQ, tre em vd ngQdi khuyet tat, gido due

ed ban vd eham sdc sQc khoe, nhung vdn

O To chuc nha nuoc s^ 6/2020