Vài nét khái quát về chương trình và sách giáo khoa ngữ văn cấp II cải cách giáo dục 1956

V h l N€ T KHfl l QUfl T V € CHUON G TRIN H

VA SACH GIAO KHOA NGO VAN CAP I I CAI CACH GIAO DUG 195 6

O ThS. HOANG MAI DIEN*

1. Nam 1954, mien Bde Viet Nam dd dirqc

gidi phdng nhirng ton tqi 2 he thd'ng gido dye

(GD) khdc nhau: He thd'ng GD phd thdng 9 ndm

(duqc xdy dyng trong thdi ki khdng chien chdng

Phdp, cd tinh chdt ddn chu tien bq, song cdn nhieu

nhuqc diem, khdng phu hqp vdi tinh hinh cdch

mqng mdi) vd he thdng GD phd thdng 1 2 ndm d

vung thyc ddn Phdp tam chiem vua mdi duqc

gidi phdng (mang ndng nhung tdn tich cua che

dd thyc ddn). Thdng 3/195d, Ddng vd Chinh phu

thdng qua de dn cdi cdch GD Idn thu hai, vdi

myc dich «chdn chinh vd cung cd GD phd thdng,

thdng nhdt hai che dd gido dye" (1) thdnh he

thdng GD mdi 10 ndm gdm 3 cap hqc: cap 1

(4 ndm), cap 2 (3 ndm), cap 3 (3 ndm). Ddy chinh

Id ca sd ban ddu cho viec xdy dyng nhd trudng

xd hqi chu nghla d Viet Nam.

Mdt trong nhung vdn de quan trqng trong cudc

cdi cdch GD Idn thu hai ndy Id tien hdnh xdy dyng

chuang trinh vd bien soqn SGK. Cdng viec bien

soqn SGK duqc td chuc thdng nhdt vd tien hdnh

rdt khdn truang. Mdn Ngu van d cdp II vd cdp III

gqi Id mdn Qudc van, duqc chia Idm 3 phdn mdn:

Giang van, Ngu phap vd Tap lam van. Do khudn

khd bdi viet cd hqn, chung tdi chi bdn ve chuong

trinh vd SGK cua phdn mdn Giang van.

1. «Chuong trinh trudng pho thdng cap II mdn

Qudc van" (xudt bdn ndm 195d) bao gdm 2 ndi

dung Idn Id «Gidi thich chuang trinh" vd «Ndi

dung chuang trinh".

Nhiem vy cua mdn Qudc vdn duqc xdc dinh

rd ve 3 frnh vyc: kien thuc, kT ndng vd tu tudng.

Cy the:

« Ve mat kien thuc, viec day Qudc vdn cdp II

nhdm myc dich: I) Gidi thieu cho hoc sinh (HSj

nhung tho ca truyen mieng, nhung vdn tho viet

co gid tri tu tudng vd nghe thudt cua vdn hgc Viet

Nam tu xua den nay, nhung khdi niem ve cdc

loai vdn, nhung kien thuc so luge ve nhung giai

doqn Idn cua vdn hqc nude nhd; 2) Cung cap

cho HS mdt sd vdn tu ngu can dung cho viec hqc

cdc mdn hqc khdc, cho viec hoqt ddng sau ndy

trong cdc ngdnh sdn xudt, ddng thdi day cho cdc

em cdch cdu tqo vd bien nghia cua cdc tu, cdch

dien dqt bdng bay, co dqng, chinh xdc cua ngdn

ngu Viet Nam; 3) Dqc biet, day cho cdc em hieu

duqc nqi dung tu tudng vd gid tri nghe thuqt cua

mdt so tdc phdm dai qua dqc diem cua nhdn vdt,

tinh tiet, bd cue, hinh tuqng, ngdn ngu cua tdc

phdm dy.

Ve mat ki ndng, viec day Qudc vdn d cdp II

nhdm myc dich giup HS biet dqc co y nhi, gqi

cdm, biet dien dqt y tudng gqn gang, chinh xdc

trong khi noi vd viet.

Ve mat tu tudng, myc dich day van hqc d cap

II Id lay nghe thuqt vdn chuong trong cdc loqi tdc

phdm noi tren de xay dyng cho HS mdt the gidi

quan tien bq vd GD cac em theo tinh thdn dqo due

each mqng. Cy the Id: I j GD cho cdc em biet yeu

ddt nude Viet Nam gidu dep; tieng ndi Viet Nam

uyen chuyen, vdn ve; van hqc Viet Nam phong

phu; nhdn dan Viet Nam can cu, anh dung...; 2)

Ren luyen cho cdc em tinh than ty tdn ddn tdc kit

hgp vdi tinh thdn qudc te, long kinh min lanh ty,

long thiit tha yeu men chi' dp ddn chu nhdn ddn

tien len xd hqi chu nghia vd chi kiin quyet bdo ve

xdy dyng che do ay; 3) GD cho cdc em phdm gid

con ngudi mdi, co y thuc tap the, tu gidc, co thai

do dung ddn ddi vdi lao ddng vd san sdng tham

gia lao dqng de thii't thyc phyc vy nhdn ddn; 4)

GD cho cdc em ghet cay ghet ddng xd hdi ngudi

hoc lot ngudi, xd hqi dudi che dd thyc ddn phong

kiin thdi nat, cam thu sdu sdc bqn di qudc gay

chiin, phd hoai hod binh md hien nay dau so Id

di qud'c MT vd giai cap dia chu da hdng nghin

ndm kim ham ddn dp nhdn ddn ta, cdu kit vdi

gidc ngoai xdm de phdn Iqi dan tdc".

Ndi dung «Chuang trinh trudng phd thdng cd'p

II mdn Qud'c vdn" trinh bay cy the ve 3 phdn mdn,

tu Idp 5 den Idp 7. «De sat vdi tdm li cua HS vd

ket hqp chdt che nhiem vy GD tu tudng, bdi dudng

tinh cdm vdi nhiem vy trau ddi ngdn ngu, d Idp 5

vd Idp 6, cdc bdi vdn duqc sdp xep theo the tdi tu

* Truong Dai hpc sit pham - Dai hpc Thai Nguyen

Tap chi Giao due so 25 1 (ki i -12/2010)