Ứng dụng bản đồ tư duy trong dạy và học môn Tâm lí học

T AM Li HOC - SINH Lj HOC LUA TUOI

UNG DUNG BAN D6 TU DUY

TRQN E DA Y V A HB E MO N TA M L I +JQ E

O ThS. NGUYEN TH| UT SAU* - NONG THI HiEu**

1. Khai niem bdn do tu duy (BDTD)

BDTD Id mot cdng cy td chdc tir duy do Tony

Buzan - nhd todn hoc, nhd tdm li hoc (TLH) ngudi

Ml dua ra. BDTD Id mot phuang phdp rat hieu

qud de dua thdng tin vdo ndo ngudi, sau do

chuyen thdng tin tu bp ndo ra ben ngoai. Vdi

viec sap xep cdc y nghi trong bdn dd theo y hieu

cua ngudi su dung, BDTD dd trd thdnh mdt

phuang tien day sdng tao vd rat hieu qud.

BDTD Id mdt hinh thuc ghi chep su dung mdu

sdc, hinh dnh de md rdng, ddo sdu cdc y tudng.

Mat khdc, BDTD cd the duac coi Id mdt ki thudt

hinh hop, vdi sy ket hap giua tu ngu, hinh dnh,

dudng net, mdu sdc tuong thich vdi cdu true, hoat

ddng vd chuc nang cua DO ndo giup con ngudi

khai phd tiem nang vd tan cua bp ndo.

Vdi each the hien gdn nhu ca che cua bp ndo,

BDTD se giup viec day vd hpc sdng tao han, tiet

kiem thdi gian han, ghi nhd td't han, nhin thay

duac buc tranh tdng the ddng thdi cd the td chuc

vd phdn loai suy nghi...

Lap BDTD (bdn do y tudng) Id viec bdt dau tu

mdt y tudng trung tdm vd viet ra nhung y khdc

lien quan tod ra tu y tudng trung tdm. Bdng each

tap trung vdo nhung y tudng chu chd't duac viet

bdng tu ngu cua ban, sau dd tim nhung y tudng

lien quan vd ket ndi nhung y tudng vdi nhau hinh

thdnh nen mot BDTD (hinh dnh minh hop).

De lap dupe mdt BDTD, cdn tuan thu mdt sd

budc vd yeu cdu sau: 1) Bdt ddu a trung tdm mdt

buc dnh cua chu the, su dung it nhdt 3 mdu. Tai

sao phdi su dung hinh dnh vd su dung mdu sdc?

Vi mdt hinh dnh cd the dien dat cd ngdn tu vd

giup con ngudi su dung tri tudng tuong cua minh.

Mdt hinh dnh d trung tdm duac vdo chu de vd

Idm cho con ngudi hung phdn hon. Dong thdi,

mdu sdc cd tdc dung kich thich nhu hinh dnh;

2) Su dung dnh, ki hieu, mat md, mui ten trong

BDTD; 3) Chon tu khod vd viet chung ra bang chu

viet hoa; 4) Mdi tu/dnh phdi dung mdt minh vd

tren mdt ddng rieng; 5) Nhung dudng thang can

Tap chi Giao due so 254 (k. 2 -1/201p

phdi dupe ket ndi, bdt ddu tu buc dnh trung tdm.

Nhung dudng ndi tu trung tdm day han, cd he

thd'ng vd bdt ddu nhd ddn khi tod ra xa; 6) Nhung

dudng thdng ddi bdng tu/dnh; 7) Su dung mdu

sac, mat md rieng trong khap bdn do; 8) Phdt

huy phong each cd nhdn; 9) Su dung nhung diem

nhdn vd chi ra nhung md'i lien ket trong bdn dd;

10) Ldm cho bdn dd rd rdng bdng each phdn

cap cdc nhanh, su dung sd thu ty hope ddn y de

bao quat cdc nhanh cua bieu do.

De tdng hieu qud khi su dung BDTD, nen su

dung nhung tu dan gidn de the hien thdng tin;

chu in; mdu sac de tach y khdc nhau; su dung

nhung ki hieu vd hinh dnh, nhung lien ket dan

cheo de thay duac muc dnh hudng cua mdt phdn

trong bdn do tdi cdc phdn khdc...

2. If ng dung BDTD trong day - hpc TLH

TLH Id mdn hpc nghien cuu nhung hien tupng

chung nhdt ve con ngudi vd qud trinh phdt trien

tdm li con ngudi theo tung giai doan lua tudi, cdc

quy ludt nay sinh, cdc hien tupng tdm li con ngudi.

Viec ung dung mdn TLH vdo day trong cdc trudng

su pham Id nham trang bi cho SV nhung hien

tupng, nhung quy ludt ben trong ddi sd'ng tinh than

cua hoc sinh, vd dd Id ca sd de td chuc cd hieu

qud hoat dpng gido dye vd day hpc trong cdc nhd

trudng. Bp mdn TLH thudng duac gidng day vdo

hpc ki I, hope hpc ki II cua ndm tnu nhdt trong

chuong trinh ddo tao gido vien. Tuy nhien, day Id

mdt mdn hpc cd tinh truu tupng vd khdi quat cao.

Nhung kien thuc TLH dpi cuang vd TLH lua tudi -

su pham cd khd nang ung dung duac trong cudc

sdng, trong day hpc ddng thdi ren luyen vd phdt

trien tu duy cua ngudi hpc. BDTD cd the dupe ung

dung trong qud trinh gidng day tren lap, ty hpc d

nhd node ung dung d tdt cd cdc dang bdi hpc: bdi

hpc li thuyet, td i thyc hanh, thdo ludn, bdi on tap,

cung cd... Cdthe ve BDTD tren gidy, bdng vdi dung

cy rat dan gidn Id but mdu, phdn mdu hay mot so

Truang Dai hpc sir pham - Dai hpc Thai Nguyen

" Hoc vien CH K17, Truong Dai hpc su pham - Dai hpc Thai Nguyen

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