Toefl IBT Insider: The Super Guide

e S u p e r G U t

CONQUER

Study Smarter, Not Harder

T O E F L (BT

4SIDE

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The Super Guide

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LinguaForum TOEFL' iBT

INSIDER: The Super Guide

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T O E F L ' is a re g is te re d tra d e m a rk o f E d u c a tio n a l T e s tin g S e rv ic e .

T h is b o o k h a s b e e n n e ith e r re v ie w e d n o r e n d o rs e d b y ETS.

ftxintad ui the ¡Republic oft Jichco

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TOEFL® ÍBT

INSIDER

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The Super Guide

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i> Reading Section

p a R1 / \ i BT Reading Question Types

Ch 1. Basic Comprehension Questions

Ch 2. inferencing Reading & Reading to Learn Questions

E3 Thematic Reading Practice

Ch 1. Earth Sciences

Ch 2. Natural Sciences

Ch 3. Physical Sciences

Ch 4. Social Sciences

Ch 5. Archaeology & Anthropology

Ch 6. Economics

Ch 7. History

Ch 8. Art & Literature

i|L is te n in g Section

Ch 1. Main Idea Questions

Ch 2. Supporting Detail Questions

Ch 3. Content-Linking Questions

Ch 4. Organization / Rhetorical Connection Questions

Ch 5. Organization Questions

Ch 6. Identifying Relationship Questions

Ch 7. Stance / Attitude Questions

Ch 8. Function Questions

8

17

23

62

78

94

110

126

142

158

174

191

197

2 11

225

239

253

267

281

295

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<g) Speaking Section 3°9

part Basic Speaking Skills

Ch 1. Brainstorming and Note Taking 3^7

Ch 2. The Basics of Sentence Structure 329

Ch 3. Varying Word Choice and Grammar Usage 341

Ch 4. Organizing Your Response 349

Ch 5. Adding Elaboration and Support 357

Ch 6. Improving Pronunciation and Flow 365

part g Speaking for /BT TOEFL Tasks

Independent Speaking Tasks (Task 1-2)

Ch 1. Personal Preference Task 378

Ch 2. Paired Choice Task 39°

Integrated Speaking Tasks (Task 3-6)

Ch 3. Fit and Explain Task 4°4

C h4. General / Specific Task 4*8

Ch 5. Problem / Solution Task 432

Ch 6. Summarization Task 44&

% Writing Section 461

p a rt ^ Basic Writing Skills

Ch 1. The Basics of Sentence Construction 469

Ch 2. Paragraph Structure 489

Ch 3. Essay Structure, Editing, & Revision 5°7

part g Writing for /'BT TOEFL Tasks

Ch 1. Independent Writing Task 527

Ch 2. Integrated Writing Task 56z

/BT Practice Test

Scripts & Answer Key

6 0 1

6 6 1

5

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LinguaForum

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\

About This Book ÌẬ

What is the TOEFL? ỹ

About the /BT 4

Changes in the /BT TOEFL (Internet-Based TOEFL) (¡0

Implications for Test Takers 0

/'BT TOEFL Scoring Ranges

What the /BT TOEFL Looks Like &

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<4 About This Book

/'BT TOEFL Insider: The Super Guide is a complete English skills book designed for students

intending to take the /BT TOEFL exam. It is designed to give students a complete understanding of

all of the /BT TOEFL sections and what is expected of test takers, as well as to provide students

with useful skills and strategies for meeting those expectations. To achieve these goals. /BT TOEFL

Insider: The Super Guide contains the following:

/ Four sections that focus specifically on each section of the ¡BT TOEFL

J Detailed explanations of each /'BT TOEFL question type

/ Specific strategies to solve each question type

■/ Guided and unguided practice to learn and then perfect English skills

■/ Supplemental activities designed to develop technical language skills

/ Vocabulary previews and reviews to build academic vocbaularv

•/ Full answer key with detailed explanations of each question

/ A complete /BT TOEFL Practice Test

What is the TOEFL?

The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is a vital measure of proficiency in English.

The TOEFL covers the essentials of English, including listening, reading, speaking, and writing. The

TOEFL focuses on the effective application of English in academic situations. The test is designed

to assess how foreign students will perform in an English-only academic setting. The test requires

not only the understanding of given material, but also the effective application of that material for

specific academic purposes. The TOEFL assumes that test takers have a mastery of the basic

principles of English, and such mastery is essential for success on the test. This point cannot be

overemphasized. Gaining a proficiency in the fundamentals of English (grammar, vocabulary,

reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills) is the first step to success on the TOEFL. The

TOEFL, therefore, leads to the right direction in English study because it requires the realistic

application of the test taker's English abilities.

4 About the tBT

The /BT TOEFL is the newest version of the TOEFL exam. It was first instituted in the United States

in 2005. The /BT TOEFL is largely based on a communicative approach to language learning. It

places a great deal of importance on the ability to communicate effectively in English in an academic

environment. It is the first version of the TOEFL exam to assess English proficiency in all four

language areas (reading, listening, speaking, and writing). It is also the first version of the exam to

require that test takers apply these skills in an integrated fashion. Therefore, the /BT TOEFL

represents a more authentic, but also more challenging, assessment of English proficiency.

The /BT TOEFL is an Internet-based test. This simply means that the test data will be transmitted to

ETS scoring centers via the Internet. Test takers will still have to report to authorized test centers to

take the test.

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(Ạ Changes in the ¿BT TOEFL (Internet-Based TOEFL)

The /'BT TOEFL not only reflects a change in the way the test is administered, but also in the format

of the test itself. Some of the major changes on the test are listed below:

■ Elimination of the grammar section

The /BT TOEFL contains no explicit testing of grammar. Rather, knowledge of grammar is tested

through the test takers' ability to comprehend the reading and listening sections, and also by the

range of grammar structures employed in the speaking and writing sections, and the accuracy

with which they use those structures.

■ Addition of a mandatory speaking section

Previous versions of the TOEFL had no speaking evaluation. However, test takers could take the

TSE (Test of Spoken English) as a supplement to provide them with an evaluation of their

speaking ability. On the /BT TOEFL, for the first time, all TOEFL test takers will be evaluated on

their speaking abilities.

■ Inclusion of integrated tasks

The /'BT TOEFL speaking and writing sections have integrated tasks which require the test taker

to first read and listen to material, and then incorporate that material into their response. The

objective is to more effectively mimic the type of speaking and writing that students will be

required to do in a true academic setting.

■ Lengthening of reading and listening tasks

The reading passages and the lectures that appear on the /'BT TOEFL have been lengthened.

The reading passages are now typically around 700 words, and the lectures typically last from 4-6

minutes.

■ Changes in question types

There have been significant changes in the question types that appear in the reading and

listening sections. Questions now ask not only about basic factual and inferred information, but

also about the relationships between different ideas and the pragmatic purposes of discourse.

('4 Implications for Test Takers

The changes made in the /BT TOEFL have important implications for test takers. The /BT TOEFL is

a far more holistic test than earlier forms of the TOEFL, and test takers will have to be truly proficient

in English in order to succeed. In earlier forms of the TOEFL it was possible to “study for the test".

Specifically, it was possible for students with high grammar and vocabulary abilities, but with poor

communicative abilities, to do relatively well on the TOEFL. This will no longer be a realistic option.

Students who possess poor communicative abilities in English will have little chance of success on

the /'BT TOEFL. Therefore, mastery of fundamental English skills is an essential part of /BT TOEFL

preparation.

9

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Q iBT TOEFL Scoring Ranges

The /BT TOEFL assesses a test taker’s English proficiency on a 120 point scale, with 30 points

being assigned to each of the 4 major English proficiencies (reading, listening, speaking, and

writing). What constitutes an acceptable score on the /BT TOEFL will vary from institution to

institution. Furthermore, some institutions may place a heavier emphasis on the score of one section

of the test than on scores from other sections.

TOEFL Score Comparison for Reading

Internet￾based Reading

Computer￾based Reading

Paper￾based Reading

30 30 67

29 29 66

28 28 64-65

28 27 63

27 26 61-62

26 25 59-60

24 24 58

23 23 57

21 22 56

20 21 54-55

19 20 53

17 19 52

16 18 51

15 17 50

14 16 48-49

13 15 47

12 14 46

11 13 44-45

10 12 43

9 11 41-42

8 10 40

7 9 38-39

6 8 36-37

5 7 34-35

4 6 32-33

3 5 31

1 4 31

0 3 31

0 2 31

0 1 31

0 0 31

Range Comparison for Reading

Internet￾based Reading

Computer￾based Reading

Paper￾based Reading

28-30 28-30 64-67

26-28 25-27 59-63

21-24 22-24 56-58

17-20 19-21 52-55

14-16 16-18 48-51

11-13 13-15 44-47

8-10 10-12 40-43

5-7 7-9 34-39

1-4 4-6 31-33

0-1 0-3 31

10

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TOEFL Score Comparison for Listening Range Comparison for Listening

Internet- Computer- Paper￾based Listening based Listening based Listening

30 30 67-68

30 29 66

29 28 65

28 27 63-64

27 26 62

26 25 60-61

25 24 59

23 23 58

22 22 56-57

21 21 55

19 20 54

18 19 53

17 18 52

16 17 51

15 16 50

14 15 49

13 14 48

12 13 47

11 12 46

10 11 45

9 10 44

7 9 42-43

6 8 41

5 7 40

4 6 38-39

2 5 36-37

1 4 34-35

1 3 32-33

0 2 31

0 1 31

0 0 31

29-30 28-30 65-68

26-28 25-27 60-64

22-25 22-24 56-59

18-21 19-21 53-55

15-17 16-18 50-52

12-14 13-15 47-49

9-11 10-12 44-46

5-7 7-9 40-43

1-4 4-6 34-39

0-1 0-3 31-33

11

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Comparison of /BT, CBT, and PBT TOEFL Scores

Internet￾based Total

Computer￾based Total

Paper￾based Total

__________ /

120 300 677

120 297 673

119 293 670

118 290 667

117 287 660-663

116 283 657

114-115 280 650-653

113 277 647

111-112 273 640-643

110 270 637

109 267 630-633

106-108 263 623-627

105 260 617-620

103-104 257 613

101-102 253 607-610

100 250 600-603

98-99 247 597

96-97 243 590-593

94-95 240 587

92-93 237 580-583

90-91 233 577

88-89 230 570-573

86-87 227 567

84-85 223 563

83 220 557-560

81-82 217 553

79-80 213 550

77-78 210 547

76 207 540-543

74-75 203 537

72-73 200 533

71 197 527-530

69-70 193 523

68 190 520

66-67 187 517

65 183 513

64 180 507-510

62-63 177 503

61 173 500

59-60 170 497

58 167 493

57 163 487-490

56 160 483

54-55 157 480

53 153 477

52 150 470-473

51 147 467

49-50 143 463

48 140 460

47 137 457

45-46 133 450-453

44 130 447

43 127 443

41-42 123 437-440

40 120 433

Internet￾based Total

Computer￾based Total

39 117 430

38 113 423-427

36-37 110 420

35 107 417

34 103 410-413

33 100 407

32 97 400-403

30-31 93 397

29 90 390-393

28 87 387

26-27 83 380-383

25 80 377

24 77 370-373

23 73 363-367

22 70 357-360

21 67 353

19-20 63 347-350

18 60 340-343

17 57 333-337

16 53 330

15 50 323-327

14 47 317-320

13 43 313

12 40 310

11 37 310

9 33 310

8 30 310

7 27 310

6 23 310

5 20 310

4 17 310

3 13 310

2 10 310

1 7 310

0 3 310

0 0

I

310

Range Comparison

Internet- Computer-based Paper￾based Total Total based Total

111-120 273-300 640-677

96-110 243-270 590-637

79-95 213-240 550-587

65-78 183-210 513-547

53-64 153-180 477-510

41-52 123-150 437-473

30-40 93-120 397-433

19-29 63-90 347-393

9-18 33-60 310-343

0-8 0-30 310

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ịẠ What the ĨBT TOEFL Looks Like

The /BT TOEFL takes about four hours. The sections are presented in the following order: Reading,

Listening, Speaking, and Writing. There are two versions of the test, and the version which you take

is determined randomly. (The differences in the two versions are explained in tables 1.1 and 1.2.)

The scoring is the same no matter which version of the test you take.

‘Please note that the Speaking and Writing sections are the same in both versions of the test.

— Table 1.1 (/'BT TOEFL Version 1)

Reading Listening Speaking Writing

Time 60 minutes

(20 minutes per

passage)

About 60 minutes

(30 minutes for

answering questions

+ time for listening)

About 20 minutes

(Including time for

listening and reading

material needed for

some questions)

About 50 minutes

(20 minutes for

Integrated task

& 30 minutes for

Independent task)

Sections /Tasks 3 Reading passages

(about 700 words

each)

3 Listening sets

(Each set contains

3 Listening tasks)

Independent

Speaking &

Integrated Speaking

Integrated Writing

& Independent

Writing

Questions 12-14 questions per

passage

17 questions per

Listening set

6 Speaking tasks

(2 Independent tasks

& 4 Integrated tasks)

2 Writing tasks

(1 Integrated task &

1 Independent task)

Score 30 points 30 points 30 points 30 points

- Table 1.2 (/BT TOEFL Version 2)

| Reading Listening Speaking I Writing

Time 100 minutes About 40 minutes About 20 minutes About 50 minutes

(20 minutes per (20 minutes for (Including time for (20 minutes for

passage) answering questions listening and reading Integrated task

+ time for listening) ! material needed for & 30 minutes for

some questions) Independent task)

Sections/Tasks 5 Reading passages 2 Listening sets Independent Integrated Writing &

(about 700 words (Each set contains Speaking & Integrated Independent Writing

each) 3 Listening tasks) Speaking

Questions 12-14 questions per 17 questions per 6 Speaking tasks 2 Writing tasks

passage Listening set (2 Independent tasks (1 Integrated task &

& 4 Integrated tasks) 1 Independent task)

Score 30 points 30 points 30 points 30 points

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Reading Section

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