Tổ chức tình huống vấn đề trong dạy học dự án môn vật lí cho học sinh và kết quả thực nghiệm

I D CHUG TiNH HUONG VAN DE TRONG DAY HOC DO AN MDN VAT l i

C H O HO C SIN H V A KE T QU A THU C NGHIE M

Dqc trung cua day hqc dy an (DHDA) Id dinh

hudng thuc tien vd dinh hudng tu duy, gidi

quyet cdc vdn de (VD) gdn vdi thuc tiin cudc

sdng. De phdt huy tinh sdng tqo cua hqc sinh (HS),

gido vien (GV) can lya chqn cdc tinh hudng van

de (THVD) sinh ddng, hd'p ddn, gdn vdi thyc te,

huy ddng da gidc quan cua HS vdo viec tiep

nhdn vd gidi quyet van de (GQVD). Vdi y tudng

tren, chung tdi dd su dyng cdc video clip vd phim

hoqt hinh THVD trong day hqc mdn Vdt //thdng

qua tdchuc «Thang dy an" cno HS Idp 9 - Trudng

THCS Nguyen Thj Luu, tinh Ddng Thdp; 7 clip vd 1

phim hoqt hinh THVD xdy dyng vdi ndi dung thudc

phdn dien hqc nhu: cdc mqch dien logic, cdng

sudt dien, dien ndng, an todn vd tiet kiem dien

nhdm trien khai 8 du dn (DA) tuang ung. DA thuc

hien trong 4 tudn (4/12/2009-5/01/2010) vd

dd thu duqc nhung ke't qud cy the.

1. Dqc diem ciia THVD trong DHDA. Mdt

THVD cd nhung ddc diem sau: - Chua dyng VD

(mdu thuan nhdn thuc), qud trinh tim Idi gidi chinh

Id tim kiem tri thuc vd phuang phdp mdi; - Gay

sy chu y, kich thich sy say me hqc tap cua cua

HS. HS bien mdu thuan khdeh quan thdnh mdu

thuan chu quan; - Tinh hud'ng phdi duqc phdt

bieu rd rdng, gdm dieu kien dd cho vd myc dich

can dqt, nhung phdi vua sue de HS cd khd ndng

gidi quyet duqc VD.

Trong DHDA, GV can xdy dyng THVD phu

hqp vdi chu de cua DA.

2. Cdch thuc td chuc THVD. Dd'i vdi bq mdn

Vqt li, GV cd the su dyng cdc cdch thuc sau de

tqo THVD: - Md td mdt hodn cdnh cy the md HS

cd the cdm nhdn duqc bdng kinh nghiem thyc te;

- Tie'n hdnh mdt thi nghiem; - Yeu cdu HS gidi

bdi tap hoqc Idm thi nghiem dan gian de xudt

hien VD can nghien cuu.

DHDA ddi hdi HS thyc hien chudi cdc hoqt

ddng phuc hqp (thao tdc tu duy truu tuqng vd

thao tdc thyc hdnh), thdi gian thyc hien nhiem vy

hqc tap cd the vuqt khdi pham vi tiet hqc. Mudn

Q ThS. CAO THI SONG HUONG*

duy tri qud trinh hqc tap nhu vdy, GV can giao

nhiem vy dudi dqng THVD, khai gqi sy say me

kham phd GQVD d HS, tqo ddng lyc cho HS hqc

tap. VD ddt ra Id Idm the ndo de td chuc cdc

THVD hdp ddn, giup HS cdm nhdn duqc cdc sy

vdt hien tuqng cdn nghien cuu mdt cdch rd rdng

vd sdu sdc. Trong DHDA, cd the td chuc THVD

thdng qua: video clip ngdn, phim hoqt hinh; dnh

tinh (nhu hda dan tien dien, hinh dnh ve sy Idng

phi dien...); vqt that (dien trd trong kT thuqt, cdng

ta dien...).

Su dyng video clip vd phim hoqt hinh, THVD

duqc bieu dqt rd rdng, HS khdng chi nghe Idi

thoqi md cdn thdy duqc bdi cdnh cua VD, trqng

thdi tinh cdm cua nhdn vdt trong tinh hudng. Dieu

ndy rdt huu ich, HS se de ddng chuyen mdu thuan

khdeh quan thdnh mdu thuan chu quan. Xdy dyng

phim THVD Idm phong phu hinh thuc td chuc VD

trong day hqc mdn Vqt li ndi rieng vd day hqc

ndi chung. De cd cdc thudc phim THVD, ngodi

viec chudn bj phuang tien day hqc hien dqi nhu:

may vi tinh, may chieu, may quay phim (hoqc

may dnh kT thudt so cd chuc ndng quay phim -

mdi tinh hud'ng chi Id mdt clip ngdn khodng vdi

ba phut), can cd sy ddu tu kT ludng tu phia GV.

Trudc khi dien ra «Thdng dy dn" cua HS, GV cdn

tien hdnh mdt DA thyc hien cdc phim THVD, thiet

ke tdi lieu hd trq, chudn bj phuang tien de td

chuc thyc hien DA. Sy chudn bj ndy Id ye'u to tien

quyet, quyet djnh sy thdnh cdng cua DHDA. Dya

vdo y tudng vd myc tieu cua DA, GV thiet ke cdc

tinh hudng Idm ndy sinh VD can gidi quyet, lya

chqn cdnh vd tien hdnh quay video hoqc dyng

phim hoqt hinh (bdng phdn mem Powerpoint).

Cdc phim tinh hudng duqc sdp xep sao cho

phu hqp vdi mqch phdt trien cua chudi VD can

gidi quyet. Ldi thoqi trong phim phdi cd dqng,

tinh hudng duqc the hien bdng hinh dnh Id chu

yeu (hinh 7, 2).

* Truong Dai hpc Dong Thap

Tap chi Giao due so 25 1 (in 1 -12/2010)