Tổ chức bộ máy quản lý nhà nước về khai thác, bảo vệ tài nguyên và môi trường biển ở Việt Nam

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TO CHtrC BO MAY QOAN LY NHA NOVO VE KHAI THAC. BAO VE

TAI NGOYEN VA MOI TROONG BIEN 0 VIET NAM

ThS OAO THj TUNG n

Tom tit: TO viee phin tieh thOe trang tS chOc bd may quin iy nhi node ve khai thac, bio

ve tii nguyen va mdi trOdng bien, bii viit di xuat mdt so' giii phip nham phit huy nhOng

tiim ning, thi manh ve bien nhO: dia chinh tri, dia kinh te, dia van hoi, khai thic tiim nang

vi lgi thi' mdt cich hiiu qui vi bin vOng, ddng thdi bio vi vOng chae chu quyin bien, dao

cCia Viit Nam.

Tiikhda: Khai thie vi bio ve; quin iy nhi node; tii nguyin vi mdi trudng bien.

Abstract: Based on analyzing current situation of the organization of state management

system on exploitation and protection of marine resources and environment, this paper propos￾es a number of solutions to promote the potentials and strengths of marine environment, such

asiGeopolitical, geo-economie, and geo-eultural advantages, and exploit the potentials and

advantages effectively and sustainably while, at the same time, firmly protecting Vietnam's sov￾ereignty over the sea and islands.

Keywords: Exploitation and protection; state management; marine resources and environment.

Ngay nhan bii: 13/12/2019 Ngay biin tip: 07/02/2020 Ngiy duyet dang: 17/02/2020

1 lien An Dp DUdng va Thai Binh . Tiem nang bien va nhufng nguy cd,

thach thuTc doi vdi Viet Nam - quoc gia giau

tiem nang bien

1.1. Tiem nang cija bien Vi$t Nam

Vidt Nam la mpt qud'c gia ed bien vdi

nhiiu tiem nang v l vj tri dja chinh trj, tdi

nguyen bien phong phu va dgc sac de phat

trien kinh te, du Ijch, van hda, bdo ve an ninh,

qude phdng...

- Ve vi tri dia ly eua bien: Viet Nam ed Ipi

the v l bien vdi vj tri dia chinh tri rat quan

trpng tren khu vue Bien Ddng cung nhu th i

gidi. Theo Cdng Ude cua Lien hpp qudc v l

Ludt Bien nam 1982, nQdc ta ed didn tieh

bien khoang tren 1 trieu km2, gap 3 lan didn

tieh dat lien, ehiem gan 30% dien tieh Biin

Ddng (ed Bien Ddng gan 3,5 trieu kildmet

vudng). Vung bien nude ta cd khodng 3.000

ddo Idn, nhd dupe phan bd kha diu theo

chieu dai bd bien eua da't nude. Bien Viet

Nam nam tren eon dudng ehien lupc ve giao

thQdng hang hdi qud'e t l nhdn nhjp eua the

(*) HQC viin Chinh tri Khu vi/c III, Hgc vi$n

Chinh tn quoc gia Ho Chi Minh

gidl,

Duong. Bd bien md ra ed 3 hQdng Ddng,

Nam va Tdy Nam nen rat thudn Ipi eho vide

giao iQu thQPng mgi qud'e te va hdi nhap kinh

t l biin. Mat khac, vung bien rdng ldn vdi

nhiiu dao la khdng gian ehiin lupe dae bidt

quan trpng ddi vdi qud'e phdng, an ninh eua

da't nude, hinh thanh phdn giau, ehiin luy

nhllu Idp, nhiiu tang, bd tri thanh tuyIn

phdng thu lidn hoan bdo ve Td qude.

- Vi tai nguyen sinh vat: Viet Nam cd khi

hau nhiet ddi la dieu kidn thuan Ipi eho sinh

vat bien tdn tai va phat trien, nen bien nude

ta ed tdi nguyen sinh vat phong phQ, da

dang. Tinh da dgng smh hpc trong vung

bien Vidt Nam the hien 6 viee phdt hidn

dupe khodng 11.000 loai sinh vat cU trQ

trong hdn 20 kieu he sinh thai dien hinh,

thudc 6 vung da dang sinh hpc bien khdc

nhau. Trong sd eac loai sinh vat cU tru ed

6.000 loai ddng vat tang day, 2.400 loai ea

(trong dd ed 130 loai ea kinh tl), 653 loai

rong bien, 657 loai dpng vat phQ du, 537

loai thue vat phu du, 225 lodi tdm bien...

TrQ iQpng ea bien Udc tinh trong khoang 5

To chuc nha nuoc so 3/3030 O