Tiếp cận thực tập nghề trong đào tạo giáo viên phổ thông

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oi mpt nghi diu duq«: cdu thdnh bdi hai

ylu tdcoDdn Id kiin thiicnghivd h'ndng

^ao tdc nghi. NghTa Id, ngudi Idm nghi

ndo cung phdl cd ndng lye hpi dO cd hai ylu td d

mdt h-lnh dd nhdt djnh. Vdi nghi gido dye, hai

ylu td dd Id: kidn ihOc su phgm (SP) vd kf ndng

thao tdc SP. Nhu vdy, chuong Wnh ddo tpo ^Ido

vlgn (DTGV) cOng phdi gdm hoi nhdm ylu td ndu

h'gn. Khi cdc ylu td dd h;io ra ndng lye tht khd

h^ch bpch h>ng ylu td rigng bl|t. Nhung d l bilt

mdt gido vl§n (GV) cd kiln thi>c vd kr ndng SP

h-ong ndng lye nghi hay khdng thi cht cdn quan

sdt hdnh vl tdc nghl|p cOo hp trong thyc tiln. Bdl

thoo tdc nghi dd chija di/ng cd kiln thdc nghi,

cho nen ddo h30 (DT) bdng to chuc thye tdp nghi

s€ trdnh dupc h'nh hdn Idm.

DT nghi theo tfdp cdn ndng li/c sg quy t^.nh

vl§c thilt k l chuong h-lnh vd td chuc qud Wnh DT

khdc vdi DT nghi theo tidp cdn ndl dung d chd:

mpt ben hudng vdo cdc lieu chf ndng lye hdnh

ddng, edn mpt b@n Ipi hudng vdo trong bj npl

dung kiln thuc. Hl§n tpi, phdn Idn chuong trinh

DTGV d nudc ta dupc thilt k l thi hidn ndl dung

Id chi3 ylu. Do dd, qud Wnh DT dupc td chuc

theo kigic phdn tfch, thilu sy tfch hpp huu co giua

cdc ylu to cdu thdnh chdt lupng GV. Ke hopch

DT dupc thilt ke theo logic hjyln Knh cdc doii vj

ndi dung, Ididng thi hi3n dupc sp hudng tdm gid

h-j xung quanh nhung tliu chf ndng lye nghi nhdt

djnh. Theo tilp cpn ndng lye, cdc tieu chf cd'u

thdnh gid tri phdm chdt nghi nghidp diu dupc

bllu thj bdng cdc hdnh ddng vdi khd ndng bdc

Ip tu^ g minh tdi do sy Kch hpp kiln thuc, kr

ndng vd thdi dd nghi nghiep. Vi dy, theo Hip

cdn ndng li/c, Chwn n^i nghl$p GV Mdu hgc

dua ra cde Heu chf: td chuc cdc hopt d$ng dpv

hoc phij hpp vdl cdc dilu kidn cy thi cDo hpe sInn

(HS) vd d\a phuong theo nhi/ng y@u cdu v l ddi

mdi phuong phdp day hpc d Heu hpc, phdt huy

Knh chij ddng, sdng tao cOa HS trong hpc tdp.-.;

Ipp k l hopch theo ^nh hudng ddi mdi phuong

phdp day hpc, ddi mdi kilm tra, ddnh gid d tilu

npc... Rd rdng, cdch diln dot bdng cdc d$ng h>

hdnh ddng vi>a cho ehOng ta di/dodn dupc nhung

sdn phdm hdnh ddng cd thi quon sdt, ddnh gid

Tap chi BlaO dye s6 28 5 (in i • s/aoia)

du(?c, vt>a Kch hpp dupc trong hdnh ddng dd

kiln thi>c d nhilu linh vyc khoa hpc SP nhu tdm If

hpc, If ludn dpy hoc dpi cuong, If ludn dpy hpc

bd mdn, phuong phdp dpy hpc,... Vd ddc bl^t Id

Kch hpp dupe If thuyet vd vt0c vdn dyng If thuylt

vdo thye hdnh cy thi.

Vdi tilp cdn ndng lye nghi, khdi nl|m thyc hdnh

nghi SP hay thye idp SP/thyc hdnh gido dye diu

dupc hllu ddng ngfiTo Id phuong thdc DT bdng

thyc hdnh, hT>ng thyc hdnh vd d l thyc hdnh nghi

nghl$p gido dye HS. Khi ndl thyc tdp nghi Id hopt

ddng CO bdn ciia qud Hnh DTGV nghTa Id, thye

tdp nghi dupc hllu vdi y nghto ed Hnh nguySn If,

cd vol trd nhu Id mdt tilp cdn cuo qud Wnh DTGV.

TO hvt&c tdi nay, thyc tdp SP dupc xem Id mpt hpc

phdn, mdt don v\ ndi dung trong chuong Wnh DT,

nhu Id mdt hoot ddng hong k l hopch DT; trong khi

dd, lai gdn cho nd nnllu chijc ndng, nhieu vai h-d

d ^ mik khi Win khoi thyc hidn hodc khdng thyc

hif n hit cdc chuc ndng hodc thyc hien n>dt cdch

hinh thdc theo kilu «cua\ ngya xem hoa". Sinh

vien (SV) thyc idp cd thi dy gid GV phd thdng,

dpy mdt sd ti^ theo quy djnh, thdm gfa dinh HS,

id ehi>c HS sinh hopt tdp thi nhdn cdc ngdy le,

soon vd chdm bdl kilm tra,... nhung khdng ro V

tudng SP, khdng bpc Id hieu qud rhn luyen nghe.

Dd Id nguydn nhdn cua nhung ylu kem dupc ddnh

gid trong mdt so bdo cdo khoa hpc v l chdt lupng

SV qua cdc dc* thyc tdp SP d nhd hvdng phd thong.

Chfnh dilu dd dan d»i tinh hting khi tliilt k l bdl

dpy, SV gdp khd khdn: phdt hidn vd tim gidl phdp

gido dye HS cd bi$t; xdy dyng cdc bdi tpp d l td

oiuc day hpc phdn hdo cdc doi hrpng HS; soon,

chdm, trd cdc bdl kilm ho ddnh gid HS vd phdn

h'ch bdl Idm cua HS ^ thu nhdn vd si> dyng thdng

tin phdn hdi vdi myc dfch dilu chfnh hopt ddng

(Jpy hpc hl|u qud; thilt k l ede hopt ddng dgv hpc,

gido dye; ddt ede cdu hdi cho HS; Idp k l nopch

hopt ddng gido dye thi hl$n dupc vl ^ si> dyng kit

qud Hm hl&j ddi h/png HS cOa Idp phy h-dai,...

E)dy Ipi chfnh Id nhOng kr ndng rdt cdt loi cijo nghi

gido dye md SV edn dupc r^n luydn h-ong qud

Wnh DT d hvdng SP. NhOng kT ndng ndy phdi

' im»t fi?) hpc giio dipe - B9> l>9c qiic ^ Hi NOi

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