Thực trạng và giải pháp chủ yếu nhằm phát triển kinh tế trang trại ở vùng ven thành phố Yên Bái

DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN

TRUONG DAI HOC NONG LAM

• •

HOANG VAN THUY

THLfC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP CHU YEU • •

n h Am p h At t r ie n k in h te t r a n g t r a i

6 VUNG VEN THANH PHO YEN BAl

Chuyen nganh: Kinh te Nong nghiep

Ma so: 60.31.10

LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE ■ ■

Ngircri hircrng d§n:

1. TS. DOAN QUANG THIEU

2. TS. LE QUANG DlTC

OAI HQCTHAl NGUYfiN

tr u n g tAm h q c i4 u

N A M 2004

L d l CAM C(N

De hoan thanh luan an nay tdi da nhan ditOc sit giup dd nhiet tinh

l a cac cO quan, cac cap lanh dao va cac ca nhan. Toi xin chan thanh

i m On sau sac va kinh trong tdi tat ca cac tap the, cac cac nhan dd tao

leu kien giup dd toi trong qua trinh hoc tap va nghien citu.

TriCdc het toi xin bay to long biet cfn sau sac tdi Tien sy Doan Quang

''hieu, Tien sy Le Quang Ditc. Cac thay dd trite tiep hitdng dan tdi trong

uot qua trinh hoc tap, nghien ctjCu va hoan thanh luan an nay.

Toi xin chan thanh cam cfn Ban giam hieu triCbng Dai hoc Nong

A m Thai Nguyen, Ban chu nhiem Khoa Kinh te va Phat trien nong thon

rilbng Dai hoc Nong Lam Thai Nguyen, Ban chu nhiem Khoa Kinh te va

Dhat trien nong thon triCdng Dai hoc Nong nghiep I Ha Noi - nhitng

igiCdi dd trang bi cho tdi nhitng kien thitc quy bau va giup dd tdi hoan

hanh cong trinh nay. Tdi xin tran trong cam cfn sit giup dd cua cac giao

>it tien sy va can bo Khoa sau dai hoc Triidng Dai hoc Nong Lam Thai

Nguyen tao thuan lefi giup dd tdi trong qua trinh thitc hien luan an.

Tdi xin chan thanh cam On sit giup dd cua Ban giam hieu Tritcfng

trung hoc Nong lam nghiep Yen Bai, phong Cong -Nong nghiep, phong

thong ke thanh phoYen Bai, Uy ban nhan dan, Hoi nong dan cac xa Tan

Thinh, Minh Bao, Tuy Loc, Nam Citdng.

Tdi xin bay to long biet cfn sit giup dd nhiet tinh cua cac chu trang

trai, ba con nong dan cac xa viing ven thanh phoYen Bai trong qua trinh

lam luan an.

Tdi xin cam On nhitng ngitdi than trong gia dinh dd giup tdi luc

kho khan, vat va de hoan thanh luan an. Tdi xin cam On cac ban be dong

nghiep gan xa dd dong gop nhieu y kien quy bau de giup dd tdi hoan

thanh luan an.

T h a i N guyen, th a n g 6 n a m 2004

Hoang Van Thuy

LCfl CAM D O A N

Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien citu cua rieng toi. Cac

so lieu va ket qua neu trong luan an la trung thitc va chUa tiCng ditdc

cong bo trong bat ky cong trinh nao khac. Cac so lieu trich dan trong qua

trinh nghien clCu deu diipc chi ro nguon goc.

TAC GIA LUAN AN

Hoang Van Thuy

iv iy c l u c

Trang

M o d a u ............................................................................................................................1

1. Tinh cap thiet cua de ta i.......................................................................................... 1

2. Muc tieu cua de tai................................................................................................... 2

3. Doi tircmg nghien cuu...............................................................................................2

4. Pham vi nghien cCru.................................................................................................. 2

Churong 1: Ca so ly luan va thirc ti£n ve phat trien kinh te trang trai.........4

1.1. Co so ly luan ve kinh te trang trai.......................................................................4

1.1.1 Qua trinh phat trien va khai niem trang trai....................................................4

1.1.2 Quy luat phat trien cua trang trai..................................................................... 7

1.1.3 Nhung dac trung chu yeu cua kinh te trang trai......................................... 12

1.1.4 Nhung tieu tri xac dinh mot trang trai........................................................... 13

1.2 Qua trinh hlnh thanh va phat trien kinh te trang trai tren the gidri va

a Viet N am ........................................................................................................... 15

1.2.1 Tinh hlnh phat trien kinh te trang trai cua the gidri..................................... 15

1.2.2 Tinh hlnh phat trien kinh te trang trai a Viet N am ..................................... 25

1.2.3 Van de can giai quyet v6i kinh te trang trai................................................ 39

1.2.4. Khai quat ve phat tri6n kinh te trang trai tinh Yen Bai............................. 40

Chirong 2: Dac diem cua dja ban nghien curu va phuong phap nghien curu.... 43

2.1 Dac diem cua dia ban nghien c u u ......................................................................43

2.1.1 Dac diem ve dieu kien tu nhien cua vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai........... 43

2.1.2 Dieu kien kinh te xa hoi vung ven thanh pho Yen B ai...............................48

2.2.Phuong phap nghien c u u ......................................................................................51

2.2.1 Phuong phap chung........................................................................................... 51

2.2.2 Phuong phap thu thap so lieu ..........................................................................53

2.2.3 Cach tien hanh phan tfch, he thong chi tieu phan tich ...............................54

C hirong 3: K et qua nghien cuu va thao lu a n ............................................. 57

3.1 Thuc trang kinh te trang trai a vung ven thanh pho Yen B ai........................57

3.1.1. Sir hlnh thanh va phat trien kinh te trang trai a vung ven thanh pho

Y6n Bai..........................................................................................................................57

3.1.2. Hien trang kinh te trang trai or vung ven thanh pho Yen B a i................... 59

3.1.3 Danh gia hieu qua kinh te cua trang trai....................................................... 71

3.2 Nhung giai phap chu yeu nham phat trien kinh te trang trai a vung ven thanh

pho Yen Bai..................................................................................................................87

3.2.1 Nhung quan didm v i phat trien KTTT a vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai.... 87

3.2.2 Dinh hu6ng phat trien kinh te trang trai a vung ven thanh pho

Yen Bai ...................................................................................................................... 91

3.3. Nhung giai phap chu y£u nhSm phat trien kinh te trang trai a vung ven

thanh ph6 Yen Bai.......................................................................................................94

Ket luan.........................................................................102

- Tai lieu tham k h ao ........................................................................................................

- Phu b ie u ..........................................................................................................................

BANG KY HIEU CAC CHU VIET TAT

STT Chu viet tat Nguyen nghTa

1. BNN Bo nong nghiep

2. BNN Bo nong nghiep

3. DT Dien tfch

4. KTTT Kinh te trang trai

5.: LD Lao dong

6. NL-DV Nong lam dich vu .

7.; NLKH Nong lam ket hop

8. NN Nong nghiep

9: p t n t Phat trien nong thon

10. TBCN Tu ban chu nghla

11. TCTK Tong cuc thong ke

12. TN Thu^n nong

13. TT Trang trai

14, TTLB Th6ng tur lien bo [

15. XHCN Xa h6i chu nghla

DANH MUC BANG BIEU

Ten bang bieu Trang

Bang 1.1: Qua trinh phat trien trang trai cua the gi6i 9

Bang 1.2: Qua trinh phat trien trang trai a Anh tu 1950 den 1987 18

Bang 1.3: Qua trinh phat trien trang trai a Phap tu 1802 den 1987 19

Bang 1.4: Qua trinh phat trien trang trai a My tu 1950 den 1998 19

Bang 1.5: Qua trinh phat trien trang trai a Nhat tu 1945 den 1990 20

Bang 1.6: Qua trinh phat trien trang trai a Dai Loan tur 1955 den 1988 21

Bang 1.7: Qua trinh phat trien trang trai a Indonexia tCr 1963 den 1983 21

Bang 1.8: Qua trinh phat tri£n trang trai a Phi lippin tu 1948 den 1980 22

Bang 1.9: Tinh hlnh sur dung lao dong mot trang trai d mot so nu6c tren

the gidri 24

Bang 1.10: Dien tich blnh quan mot trang trai a mot so nuoc tren the giai 24

Bang 1.11: Su phat trien don di6n cua thuc dan Phap 28

Bang 1.12: Kinh te trang trai a mot so tinh co di£u kien nong nghiep han che 35

Bang 1.13: So luong trang trai cua nuoc ta hien nay theo vung va theo

loai hlnh trang trai 36

Bang 1.14: Dien tich dat binh quan mot trang trai o' mot so tinh. 37

Bang 1.15: Von va thu nhSip binh quan mot trang trai 38

Bang 1.16: Tinh hlnh lao dong cua cac trang trai 39

Bang 1.17: so lugng trang trai a tinh Yen Bai giai doan 1998 - 2002 41

Bang 2.1: Tinh hlnh dat dai cua vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai 45

Bang 2.2: Thai tiet, khi hau, thuy van vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai 47

Bang 2.3: Tinh hlnh lao dong, nhan khau cua vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai 49

Bang 2.4: Tinh hlnh giao due van hoa cua thanh pho Yen Bai 50

Bang 3.1: Thuc trang trang trai vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai 58

Bang 3.2: Phan loai trang trai nam 2003 theo phuong hudng san xuat 60

Bang 3.3: Phan loai trang trai nam 2003 theo quy mo dien tich 60

Bang 3.4: Phan loai trang trai nam 2003 theo von dau tu 62

Bang 3.5: Phan loai trang trai nam 2003 theo thu nhap 63

Bang 3.6: Tinh hlnh su dung dat dai cua trang trai nam 2003 64

Bang 3.7: Tinh hinh nhan khau va lao dong cua trang trai nam 2003 66

Bang 3.8: Von, tu- lieu san xuat binh quan mot trang trai 68

Bang 3.9: Tinh hinh tieu thu san pham cua trang trai nam 2003 70

Bang 3.10: Ket qua san xuat va hieu qua kinh te cua cac loai hinh

trang trai. 71

Bang 3.11: Ket qua san xuat va hieu qua kinh te cua trang trai thuan

nong theo quy mo dien tich. 73

Bang 3.12: Ket qua san xuat va hieu qua kinh te cua trang trai nong

lam ket hop theo quy mo dien tich. 75

Bang 3.13. Ket qua san xuat va hieu qua kinh te cua trang trai nong

lam dich vu theo quy mo dien tich. 76

Bang 3.14. Ket qua san xuat va hieu qua kinh te cua trang trai thuan

nong theo quy mo von san xuat. 78

Bang 3.15. Ket qua san xuat va hieu qua kinh te cua trang trai nong

lam ket hop theo quy mo von san xuat. 79

Bang 3.16. Hieu qua va ket qua san xuat cua trang trai nong lam djch

vu theo quy mo von san xuat. 80

Bieu 01: Tinh hinh tieu thu san pham qua 2 nam 85

Bieu 02: Phan tich so lieu 85

HE THONG CAC BANG PHU BIEU

STT Ten phu bieu

1 Phu bieu 01: Tinh hinh dat dai cac trang trai vung ven TP. Yen Bai

2 Phu bieu 02: Tinh hinh lao dong cua trang trai 6 vung ven TP. Yen Bai

3 Phu bieu 03: Thu nhap chi phi cua cac trang trai vung ven TP. Yen Bai.

4 Phu bi6u 4: Co so vat chat phuc vu san xuat cua cac trang trai.

5 Phu bieu 05: Du doan thi truong mot so loai san ph&m khu vuc vung ven

thanh pho Yen Bai

6 Phu bieu 06: Phieu dieu tra cac trang trai vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai

1

M O DAU

1. TINH CAP THI^T CUA Df) TAI

Trang trai hinh thanh va phat trien tu rat lau a nhieu nu6c tren the gidri,

kinh te trang trai ngay cang to ra la loai hinh to chtic san xuat nong nghiep

hop ly, ph6 bien, nhieu nha kinh te du doan trang trai la loai hinh t6 chifc san

xu£t nong nghiep chu yeu trong tuong lai.

Nude ta la nudrc san xuat nong nghiep co tori 76,5% dan so cr nong thon,

muon phat trien kinh te phai chu y dac biet tori phat trien nong nghiep, dac biet

la phat trien kinh te ho nong dan theo hudmg san xuat hang hoa.

Nu6c ta da hinh thanh va phat trien kinh te trang trai khi co chfnh sach

doi m6i kinh te cua Dang di vao cuoc song. Mdri ra ddri va phat trien nhung

kinh te trang trai da khai day tiem nang dat dai, lao dong, von trong dan cu de

dau tu phat trien n6ng nghiep, nong thon, gop phSin thuc day chuyen djch ca

cau kinh te nong nghiep.

Tuy da dat dugc nhieu thanh tuu nhung hien nay kinh te trang trai cung

dang gap nhieu kho khan can phai tiep tuc nghien cuu nhu: quyen su dung

da't, chuyen doi dat dai cho cac trang trai, dau tu h6 trgr von, vay von va v£n de

tu cach phap nhan cua trang trai, kien thurc san xuat kinh doanh cua chu trang

trai da anh huang den ket qua san xuat. Tinh on djnh, ben vung cua kinh te

trang trai, van de dau ra cho san pham va cac chfnh sach vT mo cua Nha nu6c

nham tao dieu kien cho kinh te trang trai phat trien.

De giai quyet nhung van de thuc te dang dat ra vdri kinh te trang trai c£n

phai co qua trinh tim hieu phat trien kinh te trang trai, tir thuc te phan tich,

danh gia nhung anh huang, nhung uu diem, nhung ton tai de tim ra hudmg di

dung, phu hap v6i quy luat cua kinh te trang trai a tCmg khu vuc, tung vung,

tCrng dja phuong.

2

Nghien curu su phat trien kinh te trang trai cua cac nuoc tren the giai, tim

ra nhung quy luat, nhung kinh nghiem van dung vao kinh te trang trai cua Viet

Nam cung phai luang truac hau qua do cac dac thu rieng cua Viet Nam.

Neu phat trien trang trai mot cach o at, thieu huang din, thieu khoa hoc

se d£n den canh tranh khong lanh manh. Do do, nghien cuu thuc trang kinh te

trang trai a mot khu vuc, mot vung tim ra cac giai phap phat trien mang tinh

chat khach quan va cap thiet.

Vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai la khu vuc quan trong trong phat trien kinh

te cua thanh pho Yen Bai, noi day hoi tu nhung thuan lgi va ca nhung dieu

khong thuan lgi cho phat trien kinh te trang trai.

Thuan lgi la ngu6n goc trang trai a day da co tir lau ddi, nguon lao dong

nhidu, nhan dan can cu, chiu kho, phat trien kinh te trang trai da dugc cac cap

chfnh quyen quan tarn. Vi trf, giao thong thuan lgi, dat dai phu hgp cho phat

trien cay cong nghiep dai ngay nhu che, cay an qua, cay lam nghiep co the tan

dung lo'i the do de phat trien san xuat nong lam nghiep.

Kho khan la gia hang hoa nong san giam, thu nhap dan cu, kha nang dau

tu va binh quan dien tich dat thap. Trang trai chiem ty le nho so v6i cac ho

nong dan san xuat nong nghiep a day. Cac chu trang trai tu minh xay dung

phuong hudng san xuat kinh doanh, hach toan theo kinh nghiem. Hanh lang

phap ly cho chu trang trai lham gia vao san xuat kinh doanh con dat ra nhung

ton tai can phai giai quyet. Qua trinh phat trien kinh te trang trai a day rat can

su tong ket, danh gia d6 tim ra cac giai phap phat trien.

Thuc te dang doi hoi cap thiet nghien cuu ve thuc trang va tim ra cac giai

phap chu yeu de’ phat trien kinh te trang trai a vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai,

nhung tu tru6c den nay a khu vuc nay chua co ca quan nao nghien cdu.

De thao go mot phan nhung van de nay chung toi tien hanh nghien cuu

de tai “Thifc trang va giai phap chu yeu nham phat trien kinh te trang trai d vung

ven thanh pho Yen Bai".

3

2. m u c t i £ u c u a d£: t a i

2.1. Muc tieu chung

Tir viec danh gia thuc trang kinh te trang trai se phat hien ra cac yeu to

tro ngai va nhung tiem nang de phat trien kinh te trang trai. Tu do dua ra

nhung giai phap chu yeu nhSm nang cao hieu qua kinh te cua cac trang trai,

nang cao ddi song nhan dan va phat trien nong nghiep a mien nui.

2.2. Muc tieu cu the

- Tong ket va khai quat cac van de co tinh chat tdng quan ve phat tri£n

kinh te trang trai, khai quat va he thong hoa nhung van de ly luan va thuc ti6n

phat trien kinh te trang trai tren the giai va 6 Viet Nam. Tim ra nhung bai hoc

kinh nghiem tu qua trinh phat trien kinh te trang trai cua the gioi va su phat

trien kinh te trang trai 6 nuoc ta.

- Danh gia thuc trang kinh te trang trai 6 vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai.

- De xuat mot so giai phap chu yeu nham phat trien kinh te trang trai a

vung ven thanh ph6 Yen Bai.

3. DOI TUONG NGHIEN CUU

- Cac trang trai gia dinh nong lam nghiep dang san xuat kinh doanh a

vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai la cac xa Tan Thjnh, Minh Bao, Tuy Loc,

Nam Cudng.

4. PHAM VI NGHlfiN CUU

- Ve khong gian: Cac trang trai san xuat nong lam nghiep trong pham vi

cua cac xa vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai.

- N6i dung nghien cuu:

So lucmg, ca cau, loai hinh, phuong huang san xuat cua cac trang trai a

vung ven thanh pho Yen Bai.

Tinh hinh su dung dat dai, lao dong, von, thu nhap, bo tri san xuat, bo trf

c^y trong cua cac trang trai.

Phan tich mot so chi tieu hieu qua kinh te.

- Thdi gian nghien ctfu: Cac so lieu tu thang 1 nam 2003 den thang 12

nam 2003.

4

CHLTONG 1

CO SO LY LUAN VA THlTC T l£ N VE PH AT TR IEN

KINH TE TR A N G TRAI

1.1. CO SO LY LUAN Vf) KINH T £ TRANG TRAI

1.1.1. Qua trinh phat trien va khai niem ve trang trai

1.1.1.1. Suhinh thanh phat trien trang trai

Lich sir phat trien cua nen nong nghiep Viet Nam va the gioi luon ton tai

hai hinh thurc to chuc san xuat nong nghiep la san xuat tap trung va san xuat

phan tan [34].

Hinh thuc to churc san xuat phan tan v6i quy mo ho gia dinh v6i dac

trung co ban la san xuat tu cung, tir cap g^n v6i san xuat hang hoa nho. Hinh

thurc to chuc san xuat nong nghiep tap trung tren quy mo dien tich dat du 16n,

mang tinh doc lap da co tu lau do'i.

Ngay tu thoi de quoc La Ma da ton tai hinh thurc san xuat tap trung tren

dien tich 16n, luc luong lao dong chu yeu la tu binh va no le. Thai phong kien

A

a mot so nuoc chau Au co hinh thtic lanh dia phong kien va cac trang vien. O

Trung Quoc thcri nha Han da co hoang trang, dien trang, don didn. Viet Nam

hinh thuc san xuat tap trung co tu thofi phong kien phuong B^c do ho [13] .

Cac hinh thuc san xuat tap trung thoi ky nay (trang trai thoi ky tru6c tu

ban chu nghla) co dac trung kinh te la:

- Khoi luong san pham: san xuat mot khoi luong san pham 16n hon nhieu

so v6i hinh thuc san xuat phan tan, muc dich san xuat la cung cap san pham

cho dan cu trong khu vuc.

- Quan he so huu: co hai hinh thuc so huu la so huu nha nu6c va so huu

tir nhan. So huu nha nu6c nhu san xuat tap truns thoi La Ma, hoans trang. don • a ■ 7 o c *

di6n thoi phong kien Trung Quoc, don dien thoi Le, Nguyln d Viet Nam. So