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THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK
Contents.......................................................................................................................................................................................9
TO THE TEACHER................................................................................................................................................................10
TO THE STUDENT.................................................................................................................................................................11
1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal verbs.................................................................................................13
come from...............................................................................................................................................................13
figure out................................................................................................................................................................14
give back.................................................................................................................................................................14
look for...................................................................................................................................................................14
put on......................................................................................................................................................................14
run into...................................................................................................................................................................15
show up...................................................................................................................................................................15
take off....................................................................................................................................................................16
2. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and do, does, and did.............................................................................................................20
come off..................................................................................................................................................................21
doze off...................................................................................................................................................................22
fall for.....................................................................................................................................................................22
give in.....................................................................................................................................................................22
hear about...............................................................................................................................................................22
pull through.............................................................................................................................................................22
stay off....................................................................................................................................................................23
throw up..................................................................................................................................................................23
3. FOCUS ON: three-word phrasal verbs..............................................................................................................................26
feel up to.................................................................................................................................................................26
get over with...........................................................................................................................................................26
go along with..........................................................................................................................................................26
go in for..................................................................................................................................................................27
look forward to........................................................................................................................................................27
put up with..............................................................................................................................................................27
screw out of.............................................................................................................................................................27
talk down to............................................................................................................................................................27
4. FOCUS ON: present and past continuous phrasal verbs.................................................................................................30
cheat on...................................................................................................................................................................30
go after....................................................................................................................................................................30
look up....................................................................................................................................................................31
pay for....................................................................................................................................................................31
plan for...................................................................................................................................................................32
point to....................................................................................................................................................................32
put to.......................................................................................................................................................................32
wrap up...................................................................................................................................................................33
5. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-word phrasal verbs...................................................................................................36
break down.............................................................................................................................................................36
burn down...............................................................................................................................................................38
call in......................................................................................................................................................................38
find out...................................................................................................................................................................38
hand back................................................................................................................................................................38
look at.....................................................................................................................................................................39
setup.......................................................................................................................................................................39
6. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of three-word phrasal verbs................................................................................................44
boil down to............................................................................................................................................................44
come down with......................................................................................................................................................44
come up with...........................................................................................................................................................45
get around to...........................................................................................................................................................45
get out of.................................................................................................................................................................45
go back on...............................................................................................................................................................45
go through with.......................................................................................................................................................46
monkey around with................................................................................................................................................46
7. FOCUS ON: separable phrasal verbs with long objects...................................................................................................49
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cut up......................................................................................................................................................................49
hold up....................................................................................................................................................................50
let out......................................................................................................................................................................50
point out..................................................................................................................................................................51
run over...................................................................................................................................................................51
see about.................................................................................................................................................................52
take apart................................................................................................................................................................52
take in.....................................................................................................................................................................52
8. FOCUS ON: present perfect phrasal verbs.......................................................................................................................58
burn out...................................................................................................................................................................58
fall over...................................................................................................................................................................59
fight back................................................................................................................................................................59
hear of.....................................................................................................................................................................60
pick out...................................................................................................................................................................60
tear down................................................................................................................................................................60
work in....................................................................................................................................................................61
9. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an additional particle when used with an object, 1.....................65
break out.................................................................................................................................................................66
catch up...................................................................................................................................................................66
chicken out..............................................................................................................................................................67
get along.................................................................................................................................................................67
give up....................................................................................................................................................................67
hang up...................................................................................................................................................................67
hook up...................................................................................................................................................................68
work up...................................................................................................................................................................68
10. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 1...................................................................................................................73
fall off.....................................................................................................................................................................73
fill in.......................................................................................................................................................................74
go ahead..................................................................................................................................................................74
grow up...................................................................................................................................................................75
hand out..................................................................................................................................................................75
kick back.................................................................................................................................................................76
lay off.....................................................................................................................................................................76
screw up..................................................................................................................................................................77
11. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used in compound nouns.....................................................................................................82
backup....................................................................................................................................................................83
cut off.....................................................................................................................................................................84
drop off...................................................................................................................................................................85
follow up.................................................................................................................................................................86
take out...................................................................................................................................................................86
try out.....................................................................................................................................................................87
wake up...................................................................................................................................................................88
work out..................................................................................................................................................................88
12. FOCUS ON: past perfect phrasal verbs...........................................................................................................................95
back off...................................................................................................................................................................95
come across.............................................................................................................................................................96
come up..................................................................................................................................................................96
fall through.............................................................................................................................................................97
put out.....................................................................................................................................................................97
screw on..................................................................................................................................................................98
sign in.....................................................................................................................................................................98
sign out...................................................................................................................................................................98
13. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 1.............................................................................................................................102
call off...................................................................................................................................................................102
dose off.................................................................................................................................................................102
hand in..................................................................................................................................................................103
let off....................................................................................................................................................................104
light up..................................................................................................................................................................104
track down............................................................................................................................................................105
14. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 1................................................................................109
butt in....................................................................................................................................................................110
dress up.................................................................................................................................................................110
dry up....................................................................................................................................................................110
fill out...................................................................................................................................................................111
put away................................................................................................................................................................111
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stick up.................................................................................................................................................................111
use up....................................................................................................................................................................112
15. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and will or be going to.......................................................................................................118
blow away.............................................................................................................................................................119
come through........................................................................................................................................................119
dry out...................................................................................................................................................................120
fix up....................................................................................................................................................................120
go with..................................................................................................................................................................121
head back..............................................................................................................................................................122
tell on....................................................................................................................................................................123
16. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with gerund objects, 1.......................................................................................................127
believe in...............................................................................................................................................................127
carry on.................................................................................................................................................................128
count on................................................................................................................................................................128
get through............................................................................................................................................................129
go for....................................................................................................................................................................130
hold off.................................................................................................................................................................130
put past..................................................................................................................................................................130
think about............................................................................................................................................................131
17. FOCUS ON: adverbs and phrasal verbs........................................................................................................................136
come over.............................................................................................................................................................137
get back at.............................................................................................................................................................137
go about................................................................................................................................................................138
grow out of............................................................................................................................................................138
rip up....................................................................................................................................................................138
wear down.............................................................................................................................................................139
18. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and can, could, will, and would........................................................................................144
breakthrough.........................................................................................................................................................145
figure on................................................................................................................................................................145
get off...................................................................................................................................................................146
go beyond.............................................................................................................................................................147
lift upon................................................................................................................................................................147
line up...................................................................................................................................................................147
stand around..........................................................................................................................................................148
tell apart................................................................................................................................................................148
19. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb right..........................................................................................................152
aim at....................................................................................................................................................................152
bring back.............................................................................................................................................................153
bring over..............................................................................................................................................................153
cool off..................................................................................................................................................................153
go back..................................................................................................................................................................154
hand over..............................................................................................................................................................154
pull over................................................................................................................................................................154
warm up................................................................................................................................................................155
20. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form..................................................................................................160
end up...................................................................................................................................................................160
go around..............................................................................................................................................................160
Go off...................................................................................................................................................................162
hang around...........................................................................................................................................................163
lie around..............................................................................................................................................................164
start out.................................................................................................................................................................164
stay up...................................................................................................................................................................164
21. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and should and ought to....................................................................................................169
look around...........................................................................................................................................................170
look over...............................................................................................................................................................170
pick on..................................................................................................................................................................170
settle down............................................................................................................................................................171
step on...................................................................................................................................................................171
take out on.............................................................................................................................................................171
think ahead............................................................................................................................................................172
zip up....................................................................................................................................................................172
22. FOCUS ON: the particle up and the adverbs right and all..........................................................................................176
burn up..................................................................................................................................................................177
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clear up.................................................................................................................................................................177
count up................................................................................................................................................................178
eat up....................................................................................................................................................................178
heat up..................................................................................................................................................................178
pay up...................................................................................................................................................................178
plug up..................................................................................................................................................................179
wipe up.................................................................................................................................................................179
23. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an additional particle when used with an object, 2.................183
crack down............................................................................................................................................................183
cut down...............................................................................................................................................................183
drop out.................................................................................................................................................................184
get away................................................................................................................................................................184
hold out.................................................................................................................................................................185
make up................................................................................................................................................................185
stay out..................................................................................................................................................................187
watch out...............................................................................................................................................................187
24. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 2.................................................................................................................191
come down............................................................................................................................................................191
Let up....................................................................................................................................................................192
print out................................................................................................................................................................192
show off................................................................................................................................................................193
slow down.............................................................................................................................................................193
stop over...............................................................................................................................................................194
trade in..................................................................................................................................................................194
25. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and have to, have got to, and must...................................................................................199
do with..................................................................................................................................................................200
have on..................................................................................................................................................................200
hurry up................................................................................................................................................................201
knock over............................................................................................................................................................201
lighten up..............................................................................................................................................................201
plan ahead.............................................................................................................................................................201
settle for................................................................................................................................................................202
think up.................................................................................................................................................................202
26. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb back..........................................................................................................205
get together...........................................................................................................................................................205
go over..................................................................................................................................................................206
go up.....................................................................................................................................................................207
let in on.................................................................................................................................................................207
open up.................................................................................................................................................................208
put together...........................................................................................................................................................208
shut off..................................................................................................................................................................208
start up..................................................................................................................................................................209
27. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle off and the adverb right.......................................................................213
bite off..................................................................................................................................................................214
break off................................................................................................................................................................214
dry off...................................................................................................................................................................214
knock off...............................................................................................................................................................215
tear off..................................................................................................................................................................215
wash off................................................................................................................................................................215
wear off.................................................................................................................................................................216
wipe off.................................................................................................................................................................216
28. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 2.............................................................................................................................221
beef up..................................................................................................................................................................221
break up................................................................................................................................................................221
call back................................................................................................................................................................222
call up...................................................................................................................................................................222
carry out................................................................................................................................................................222
give away..............................................................................................................................................................223
mess up.................................................................................................................................................................223
stand up.................................................................................................................................................................224
29. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and might, may, and can...................................................................................................228
ask for...................................................................................................................................................................228
come apart.............................................................................................................................................................229
drop in...................................................................................................................................................................229
flip out..................................................................................................................................................................229
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look out.................................................................................................................................................................229
luck out.................................................................................................................................................................229
make out...............................................................................................................................................................230
run across..............................................................................................................................................................230
30. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 2................................................................................234
lock in...................................................................................................................................................................235
Lock out................................................................................................................................................................235
punch in................................................................................................................................................................236
put out...................................................................................................................................................................236
sort out..................................................................................................................................................................237
space out...............................................................................................................................................................238
wash up.................................................................................................................................................................238
31. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and gerund subjects...........................................................................................................244
care for..................................................................................................................................................................244
cut out...................................................................................................................................................................245
do away with.........................................................................................................................................................245
do without.............................................................................................................................................................246
look into................................................................................................................................................................246
plan on..................................................................................................................................................................246
put off...................................................................................................................................................................246
rule out..................................................................................................................................................................247
32. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle out...........................................................................................................250
clean out................................................................................................................................................................251
clear out................................................................................................................................................................252
come out...............................................................................................................................................................252
empty out..............................................................................................................................................................254
fall out...................................................................................................................................................................254
go out....................................................................................................................................................................254
leave out................................................................................................................................................................255
stick out................................................................................................................................................................255
33. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and midsentence adverbs..................................................................................................261
blow up.................................................................................................................................................................262
catch on.................................................................................................................................................................262
come about............................................................................................................................................................263
fall behind.............................................................................................................................................................263
goof around...........................................................................................................................................................263
help out.................................................................................................................................................................264
know about............................................................................................................................................................264
pull off..................................................................................................................................................................264
34. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-and three-word phrasal verbs, 2.........................................................................268
do over..................................................................................................................................................................268
float around...........................................................................................................................................................269
lead up to..............................................................................................................................................................269
put up to................................................................................................................................................................269
stand for................................................................................................................................................................269
stick around...........................................................................................................................................................270
stick to..................................................................................................................................................................270
take back...............................................................................................................................................................271
35. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs.................................................................................................................................275
fool around............................................................................................................................................................276
go by.....................................................................................................................................................................276
hold against...........................................................................................................................................................277
leave behind..........................................................................................................................................................277
live with................................................................................................................................................................277
make of.................................................................................................................................................................278
narrow down.........................................................................................................................................................278
trick into................................................................................................................................................................278
36. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle down.......................................................................................................282
back down.............................................................................................................................................................282
calm down.............................................................................................................................................................283
fall down...............................................................................................................................................................283
go down................................................................................................................................................................283
lay down...............................................................................................................................................................284
put down...............................................................................................................................................................284
run down...............................................................................................................................................................285
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sit down................................................................................................................................................................286
37. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 3.................................................................................................................291
brush off................................................................................................................................................................291
come on................................................................................................................................................................292
cover up................................................................................................................................................................293
hang out................................................................................................................................................................293
leave over left over................................................................................................................................................293
Let down...............................................................................................................................................................294
talk to....................................................................................................................................................................295
38. FOCUS ON: the verb keep and adverbs and adverbials showing degrees of variability..........................................300
keep at...................................................................................................................................................................301
keep away.............................................................................................................................................................301
keep down.............................................................................................................................................................301
keep from..............................................................................................................................................................302
keep off.................................................................................................................................................................302
keep on..................................................................................................................................................................302
keep to..................................................................................................................................................................303
keep up..................................................................................................................................................................303
39. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 3.............................................................................................................................307
chop up.................................................................................................................................................................308
cross off................................................................................................................................................................308
fill up....................................................................................................................................................................308
pick up..................................................................................................................................................................309
sell out..................................................................................................................................................................310
straighten out.........................................................................................................................................................311
take over...............................................................................................................................................................311
wipe out................................................................................................................................................................312
40. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs vs. phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form.......................................................318
-ing form.............................................................................................................................................................................318
gerund................................................................................................................................................................................318
blow off................................................................................................................................................................318
burst out................................................................................................................................................................319
come back.............................................................................................................................................................319
get off on...............................................................................................................................................................320
go away.................................................................................................................................................................320
run around.............................................................................................................................................................320
stick with...............................................................................................................................................................321
41. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs with the particle in that require into when used with an object..................325
break in.................................................................................................................................................................326
Check out..............................................................................................................................................................327
go in......................................................................................................................................................................328
let in......................................................................................................................................................................328
plug in...................................................................................................................................................................328
sneak in.................................................................................................................................................................329
sneak out...............................................................................................................................................................329
42. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with get, 1...........................................................................................................................333
get back.................................................................................................................................................................333
get behind.............................................................................................................................................................334
get down...............................................................................................................................................................335
get in.....................................................................................................................................................................335
get out...................................................................................................................................................................336
get over.................................................................................................................................................................337
get up....................................................................................................................................................................338
43. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect phrasal verbs...............................................................................................342
blow out................................................................................................................................................................343
give out.................................................................................................................................................................344
gross out................................................................................................................................................................344
run up....................................................................................................................................................................344
shut up..................................................................................................................................................................345
stop off..................................................................................................................................................................345
try on....................................................................................................................................................................345
44. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives and passive phrasal verbs with the verb get........................................................351
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beat up..................................................................................................................................................................352
mix up...................................................................................................................................................................353
piss off..................................................................................................................................................................354
rip off....................................................................................................................................................................354
45. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the verb turn..............................................................................................................359
turn down..............................................................................................................................................................359
turn in...................................................................................................................................................................359
turn into................................................................................................................................................................360
turn off..................................................................................................................................................................360
turn on...................................................................................................................................................................361
turn out..................................................................................................................................................................362
turn over................................................................................................................................................................363
turn up...................................................................................................................................................................364
46. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of phrasal verbs with the particle into............................................................................369
build in..................................................................................................................................................................369
bump into..............................................................................................................................................................369
con into.................................................................................................................................................................370
con out of..............................................................................................................................................................370
freak out................................................................................................................................................................370
make for................................................................................................................................................................370
talk into.................................................................................................................................................................370
talk out of..............................................................................................................................................................371
47. FOCUS ON: particles used without verbs.....................................................................................................................375
brush up................................................................................................................................................................375
come in.................................................................................................................................................................376
cut back.................................................................................................................................................................376
move in.................................................................................................................................................................377
move out...............................................................................................................................................................377
pull out..................................................................................................................................................................378
put in.....................................................................................................................................................................378
run out...................................................................................................................................................................379
48. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect passive phrasal verbs..................................................................................383
close down............................................................................................................................................................384
knock out..............................................................................................................................................................384
look down on.........................................................................................................................................................385
look up to..............................................................................................................................................................385
put back................................................................................................................................................................385
switch off..............................................................................................................................................................386
throw out...............................................................................................................................................................386
49. FOCUS ON: combinations of get, right, back, and to..................................................................................................391
dog up...................................................................................................................................................................394
get ahead...............................................................................................................................................................394
get back to.............................................................................................................................................................394
get on....................................................................................................................................................................394
get to.....................................................................................................................................................................395
hang on.................................................................................................................................................................396
start off..................................................................................................................................................................396
throw away............................................................................................................................................................396
50. FOCUS ON: Keep at it!...................................................................................................................................................401
ask out...................................................................................................................................................................401
come down to........................................................................................................................................................401
deal with...............................................................................................................................................................401
hold on..................................................................................................................................................................402
pay back................................................................................................................................................................402
take up on..............................................................................................................................................................402
turn around............................................................................................................................................................402
wear out................................................................................................................................................................403
Answers...................................................................................................................................................................................409
Index........................................................................................................................................................................................431
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Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
To the Teacher / iv
To the Student / v
1. Separable and Nonseparable Phrasal Verbs /
1
2. Phrasal Verbs and do, does, and did / 8
3. Three-Word Phrasal Verbs / 14
4. Present and Past Continuous Phrasal Verbs /
18
5. Pronunciation of Two-Word Phrasal
Verbs / 24
6. Pronunciation of Three-Word Phrasal Verbs /
32
7. Separable Phrasal Verbs with Long
Objects / 37
8. Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 46
9. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an
Additional Particle When Used with an Object,
1 / 53
10. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 1 / 61
11. Phrasal Verbs Used in Compound Nouns / 70
12. Past Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 83
13. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 1 / 91
14. Participle Adjectives Formed from Phrasal
Verbs, 1 / 98
15. Phrasal Verbs and will or be going to /107
16. Phrasal Verbs with Gerund Objects, 1 / 116
17. Adverbs and Phrasal Verbs / 125
18. Phrasal Verbs and can, could, will, and
would / 133
19. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb right I
141
20. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing
Form / 149
21. Phrasal Verbs and should and ought to 158
22. The Particle up and the Adverbs right and all I
165
23. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an
Additional Particle When Used with an Object,
2 / 172
24. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 2 / 180
25. Phrasal Verbs and have to, have got to, and
must / 188
iii
26. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb bade / 194
27. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle off and the
Adverb right I 202
28. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 210
29. Phrasal Verbs and might, may, and can /217
30. Participle Adjectives Formed from
Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 223
31. Phrasal Verbs and Gerund Subjects / 233
32. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle our / 239
33. Phrasal Verbs and Midsentence
Adverbs / 250 34. Pronunciation of
Two- and Three-Word Phrasal Verbs,
2 / 257
35. Gerund Phrasal Verbs / 264
36. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle down / 271
37. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 3 / 280
38. The Verb keep and Adverbs and Adverbials
Showing Degrees of Variability / 289
39. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 3 / 296
40. Gerund Phrasal Verbs vs. Phrasal Verbs
Followed by the -ing Form / 307
41. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs with the Particle in
That Require into When Used with an Object /314
42. Phrasal Verbs with get, 1 / 322
43. Modals and Present Perfect Phrasal
Verbs / 331
44. Participle Adjectives and Passive Phrasal Verbs
with the Verb get I 340
45. Phrasal Verbs with the Verb rum / 348
46. Pronunciation of Phrasal Verbs
with the Particle into / 358
47. Particles Used Without Verbs / 364
48. Modals and Present Perfect Passive
Phrasal Verbs / 372
49. Combinations of get, right, back, and tо / 380
50. Keep at It! / 390
Answers to Exercises / 398
Index / 410
TO THE TEACHER
The inspiration for The Ultimate Phrasal Verb Book came about when a student asked me for a
textbook to help her learn the meanings of common phrasal verbs. I had nothing to offer. The
only textbook focusing on common verbs that I could give her contains not one phrasal verb
— it teaches arise but not get up, awake but not wake up, seek but not look for.
Phrasal verbs are verbs, not idiomatic curiosities. There is no logic to classifying take
over with take the bull by the horns. Phrasal verbs are an essential part of spoken and written
English at all levels, and no student who hopes to master the language can afford to overlook
them.
Although this textbook is intended primarily for high-intermediate to advanced students,
ambitious students at lower levels will benefit from it as well. Only some FOCUS sections
may prove to be a little beyond them; otherwise, there is nothing to prevent any student from
studying the definitions and examples and attempting the exercises.
A vocabulary textbook should provide mechanics as well as meaning. Students want to
know more than what a word means — they want to know how to use it correctly.
The importance of mechanics is the reason for the emphasis on the prepositions required when
some phrasal verbs are used transitively and for the inclusion of reviews of points of grammar
not specific to phrasal verbs. Prepositions are the glue that holds English together, but many
students falter when using newly learned verbs because they do not know that a preposition is
also required, or if they do, which one. This aspect of English is not given the attention it
deserves because it is difficult to teach — there are no rules that govern when a preposition, or
which preposition, is required, and no teacher likes to say "You just have to remember."
The hope of the latter feature, the discussion of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs, is
that combining practice with phrasal verbs and practice with a variety of grammatical
structures will increase not only the student's confidence in the knowledge of phrasal verbs but
also his or her willingness and ability to use them in a wider range of situations.
There is inevitably a degree of oversimplification. That phrasal verb particles are sometimes
prepositions and sometimes adverbs is mentioned only once. No purpose is served by
differentiating between them, and the overlap between the two is confusing to the student.
Phrasal verbs are not identified as transitive or intransitive because this is dictated by logic.
Less common meanings of some phrasal verbs have not been included. Adverb placement is
presented and illustrated in simplified form without discussion of the different types of adverbs
— doing so would have gone beyond the scope of this textbook.
iv
THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Student
And no differentiation is made between recognized adjectives derived from past participles and past
participles with adjectival meaning. The adjectival use of past participles (both phrasal and nonphrasal)
is an extremely important aspect of spoken English — something every student of English should be
familiar with — yet the dividing line between true adjectives derived from past participles and passive
sentences employing past participles with adjectival meanings is ill-defined and problematic. Native
speakers of English regularly use past participles in superficially passive sentences with purely adjectival
meaning. Whether the past participles are verbs or actually adjectives is of no concern to the native
speaker and is entirely irrelevant to the student of English. Rather than distract the student with an
unnecessary element of confusion, both are referred to as participle adjectives throughout this textbook.
The exercises in this textbook are intended to reinforce meaning and mechanics. A cloze exercise
always comes first, followed by exercises focusing on sentence structure and the FOCUS discussion.
Last are exercises that ask the student to answer questions or write original sentences.
There is a good deal of review built into this textbook. Every section contains two or more
exercises requiring the student to refer back to a previous section in order to review a phrasal verb,
participle adjective, or noun. When a phrasal verb has two or more meanings, it is intentional that no
help is provided to the student in determining which meaning applies; students have to review them all
and figure it out for themselves.
I have tried in this textbook to imitate the form and content of everyday English. If occasionally the
register and subject matter of some examples and exercises seem not quite right for formal discourse,
that is deliberate. Students need to learn formal English, of course, but since most people speak
informally most of the time, students need to gain familiarity with the syntax, usage, and content of the
informal English they read and hear every day at work, at school, at home, and on television.
TO THE STUDENT
Phrasal verbs are combinations of ordinary verbs like put, take, come, and go and particles like in, out,
on, and off. They are a very important part of everyday English. Every student of English needs a basic
understanding of the most common phrasal verbs and also of common nouns and adjectives made from
phrasal verbs.
Most phrasal verbs are nor informal, slang, or improper for educated speech or formal writing. Exactly the
opposite is true — most phrasal verbs are acceptable at all levels of spoken or written English. In fact,
for many of the phrasal verbs in this textbook, there is no alternative to the phrasal verb — there is no
other way to say it.
v
However, a few phrasal verbs in this textbook are identified as informal, and it is better not
to use them in serious, formal speech or writing. But these informal phrasal verbs are important
because they are very common in everyday informal speech and writing.
Some phrasal verbs are very easy to understand. For example, it is not difficult to understand
sit down or come in because their meanings are obvious. But many phrasal verbs are very
idiomatic. Idiomatic means that there is no way to know what the verb and particle mean together
by knowing what the verb and particle mean separately. For example, every beginning-level
student learns what the words call, run, off, and out mean, but that does not help the student to
know that call off means cancel or that run out means use all of something.
Each section of this textbook starts with a FOCUS, an explanation of something important
about phrasal verbs. Then eight phrasal verbs and an explanation of each important meaning of
each one are presented along with one or more example sentences for each meaning. Following
that are several exercises to help you understand and remember what the phrasal verbs mean and
how to use them in a sentence. And like real conversation, questions asked with I or we are
answered with you, and questions asked with you are answered with / or we.
And because there is a lot to learn in this textbook, there is a lot of review to help you learn it. Every
phrasal verb is reviewed at least twice later in the book. The more idiomatic phrasal verbs are
reviewed more often, and the more important meanings of phrasal verbs with several meanings are
reviewed more often.
Terms, Abbreviations, and Symbols Used in this Textbook
verb Verb refers to the verb part of a phrasal verb. In other words, the phrasal verb
minus the particle. In the phrasal verb pull over, pull is the verb and over is
the particle.
particle The adverbs and prepositions in phrasal verbs are both called particles in this
book. Many particles are adverbs and prepositions, and it can be very
difficult and confusing to figure out if a particle in a particular phrasal verb
is one or the other. Fortunately, this is almost never important to the
student, so it is a lot easier to simply call them both particles.
p.v. phrasal verb n. a noun made from a phrasal
verb
part.adj. participle adjective — a past participle of a phrasal verb used as an adjective
put on it. When words or sentences have a line through them, it means that they are
incorrect.
... Three dots between the verb and the particle mean that the object of the phrasal
verb can be placed between the verb and the particle.
vi
1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal
verbs
Phrasal verbs are either separable or nonseparable. Unfortunately, there is no rule that will help you to
look at a phrasal verb and always know whether it is separable or nonseparable.
Separable phrasal verbs
Separable phrasal verbs can be separated by their object. When the object is a noun, it is usually
entirely optional whether the object is placed between the verb and the particle or placed after the
particle. Both sentences below are correct:
I took my shoes off.
I took off my shoes.
However, when a pronoun is used instead of a noun, the pronoun must be placed between the verb
and the particle:
I took them off.
I took off them.
But in one type of sentence, separable phrasal verbs must be separated — when the phrasal verb
has two objects:
She put a blanket on.
She put on a blanket.
She put a blanket on the bed.
She put on a blanket the bed.
Nonseparable phrasal verbs
Nonseparable phrasal verbs cannot be separated by their object:
He ran into a tree.
He ran a tree into.
Throughout this book, phrasal verbs that can be separated have three dots (...) between the verb
and the particle.
Infinitive_____________________________________________
present tense -ing form past tense past participle
come from
come from & comes from coming from came from come from
1. come from p.v. When you come from a place, you were born there or lived there previously.
When you come from a family or a social situation, your past experience helps to explain your
present attitudes and behavior.
Mike comes from Alaska, so he's used to cold weather.
Jane had a difficult childhood. She came from a broken home.
1
2. come from p.v. When something comes from a source, that is where it originated.
The word "admiral" comes from an Arabic word.
The mechanic heard a strange sound coming from the engine.
Infinitive
present tense -ing form past tense past participle
figure out
figure out & figures out figuring out figured out figured out
1. figure ... out p.v. [the object can be a noun or a noun clause] When you figure out something,
such as the answer to a question, the solution to a problem, or why a person is a certain way or acts a
certain way, you think about and succeed in understanding it.
Joe's so hostile all the time. I can't figure him out.
I looked everywhere for my keys, but I couldn't figure out where I put them.
give back
give back & gives back giving back gave back given back
1. give ... back (to) p.v. When you return something to someone, you give it back.
Can I use your pen? I'll give it back after the test.
Timmy, give that toy back to your sister right now!
look for
look for & looks for looking for looked for looked for
1. look for p.v. When you look for things or people, you try to find them.
/ looked for you at the party, but I didn't see you.
Excuse me, can you help me? I'm looking for 303 Main St.
put on
put on & puts on putting on put on put on
1. put... on p.v. When you place something on or apply something to your body, you put it on.
I put on my new dress before going to the party.
Eric forgot to put suntan lotion on, and now he's as red as a lobster.
2. put... on p.v. When you place something on or apply something to another surface, you put it on.
I put the book on the table.
Jerry put too much fertilizer on his law, and now he has to cut it twice a week.
3. put... on p.v. When you attach or affix something to another thing, you put it on.
The Wilson’s put a new roof on their house last year.
I told the tailor to put red buttons on the dress he's making for me.
4. put... on p.v. When you put on weight, you gain weight.
THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK
Did you see Mike? He's put on so much weight that I didn't recognize him.
I need to go on a diet. I've been putting on a lot of weight lately.
5. put ...on p.v. When you organize or perform something for other people's entertainment, such as
a play or a concert, you put it on.
The club put on a show to raise money for the party.
That opera hasn't been put on in more than 200 years.
6. put.. .on p.v. [informal] When you put people on, you kid or tease them.
You won the lottery? You're putting me on!
Don't put me on — tell me the truth.
put-on n. Something done with the intentio of fooling or deceivingpeople is a put-on.
He didn't really win the lottery. It was all a big put-on to impress his girlfriend.
Infinitive
present tense -ing form past tense past participle
run into run into & runs into running into ran into run into
1. run into p.v. When you are driving and hit another vehicle or something near the road, such as a tree
or a telephone pole, you run into it.
Ali was driving too fast, and he ran into a telephone pole.
I was run into by a drunk driver.
2. run into p.v. When you meet people unexpectedl or unintentionall, you run into them. Bump into
is the same as run into.
We ran into Karen and her new boyfriend at the supermarket yesterday.
I owe Frank $300, so I hope I don't run into him.
3. run into p.v. When you unexpectedly encounte difficulties or problems, you run into them.
/ thought it would be easy to fix my car, but I've been running into problems.
Janice ran into one problem after another at work today.
4. run into p.v. When the total of something grows to a large amount or number, it runs into that
amount or number.
If you fixed everything on that old car that needs fixing, it would run into thousands of dollars.
The number of starving people in the country ran into millions.
show up
show up & shows up showing up showed up shown up
1. show up p.v. When you appear somewhere, you show up. Turn up is similar to show up.
/ was supposed to meet my sister for lunch, but she hasn't shown up yet.
Over a hundred people showed up for the news conference.
2. show up p.v. When something appears or becomes visible, it shows up.
It's hard to photograph polar bears because they don't show up
well against the snow. The spots won't show up until the last
stages of the disease.
Infinitive
present tense -ing form past tense past participle