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THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK
Contents.......................................................................................................................................................................................8
TO THE TEACHER..................................................................................................................................................................9
TO THE STUDENT.................................................................................................................................................................10
1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal verbs.................................................................................................12
come from...............................................................................................................................................................12
figure out................................................................................................................................................................13
give back.................................................................................................................................................................13
look for...................................................................................................................................................................13
put on......................................................................................................................................................................13
run into...................................................................................................................................................................14
show up...................................................................................................................................................................14
take off....................................................................................................................................................................15
2. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and do, does, and did.............................................................................................................19
come off..................................................................................................................................................................20
doze off...................................................................................................................................................................21
fall for.....................................................................................................................................................................21
give in.....................................................................................................................................................................21
hear about...............................................................................................................................................................21
pull through.............................................................................................................................................................21
stay off....................................................................................................................................................................22
throw up..................................................................................................................................................................22
3. FOCUS ON: three-word phrasal verbs..............................................................................................................................25
feel up to.................................................................................................................................................................25
get over with...........................................................................................................................................................25
go along with..........................................................................................................................................................25
go in for..................................................................................................................................................................26
look forward to........................................................................................................................................................26
put up with..............................................................................................................................................................26
screw out of.............................................................................................................................................................26
talk down to............................................................................................................................................................26
4. FOCUS ON: present and past continuous phrasal verbs.................................................................................................29
cheat on...................................................................................................................................................................29
go after....................................................................................................................................................................29
look up....................................................................................................................................................................30
pay for....................................................................................................................................................................30
plan for...................................................................................................................................................................31
point to....................................................................................................................................................................31
put to.......................................................................................................................................................................31
wrap up...................................................................................................................................................................32
5. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-word phrasal verbs...................................................................................................35
break down.............................................................................................................................................................35
burn down...............................................................................................................................................................37
call in......................................................................................................................................................................37
find out...................................................................................................................................................................37
hand back................................................................................................................................................................37
look at.....................................................................................................................................................................38
setup.......................................................................................................................................................................38
6. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of three-word phrasal verbs................................................................................................43
boil down to............................................................................................................................................................43
come down with......................................................................................................................................................43
come up with...........................................................................................................................................................44
get around to...........................................................................................................................................................44
get out of.................................................................................................................................................................44
go back on...............................................................................................................................................................44
go through with.......................................................................................................................................................45
monkey around with................................................................................................................................................45
7. FOCUS ON: separable phrasal verbs with long objects...................................................................................................48
cut up......................................................................................................................................................................48
hold up....................................................................................................................................................................49
let out......................................................................................................................................................................49
point out..................................................................................................................................................................50
run over...................................................................................................................................................................50
see about.................................................................................................................................................................51
take apart................................................................................................................................................................51
take in.....................................................................................................................................................................51
8. FOCUS ON: present perfect phrasal verbs.......................................................................................................................57
burn out...................................................................................................................................................................57
fall over...................................................................................................................................................................58
fight back................................................................................................................................................................58
hear of.....................................................................................................................................................................59
pick out...................................................................................................................................................................59
tear down................................................................................................................................................................59
work in....................................................................................................................................................................60
9. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an additional particle when used with an object, 1.....................64
break out.................................................................................................................................................................65
catch up...................................................................................................................................................................65
chicken out..............................................................................................................................................................66
get along.................................................................................................................................................................66
give up....................................................................................................................................................................66
hang up...................................................................................................................................................................66
hook up...................................................................................................................................................................67
work up...................................................................................................................................................................67
10. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 1...................................................................................................................72
fall off.....................................................................................................................................................................72
fill in.......................................................................................................................................................................73
go ahead..................................................................................................................................................................73
grow up...................................................................................................................................................................74
hand out..................................................................................................................................................................74
kick back.................................................................................................................................................................75
lay off.....................................................................................................................................................................75
screw up..................................................................................................................................................................76
11. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used in compound nouns.....................................................................................................81
backup....................................................................................................................................................................82
cut off.....................................................................................................................................................................83
drop off...................................................................................................................................................................84
follow up.................................................................................................................................................................85
take out...................................................................................................................................................................85
try out.....................................................................................................................................................................86
wake up...................................................................................................................................................................87
work out..................................................................................................................................................................87
12. FOCUS ON: past perfect phrasal verbs...........................................................................................................................94
back off...................................................................................................................................................................94
come across.............................................................................................................................................................95
come up..................................................................................................................................................................95
fall through.............................................................................................................................................................96
put out.....................................................................................................................................................................96
screw on..................................................................................................................................................................97
sign in.....................................................................................................................................................................97
sign out...................................................................................................................................................................97
13. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 1.............................................................................................................................102
call off...................................................................................................................................................................102
dose off.................................................................................................................................................................102
hand in..................................................................................................................................................................103
let off....................................................................................................................................................................104
light up..................................................................................................................................................................104
track down............................................................................................................................................................105
14. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 1................................................................................109
butt in....................................................................................................................................................................110
dress up.................................................................................................................................................................110
dry up....................................................................................................................................................................110
fill out...................................................................................................................................................................111
put away................................................................................................................................................................111
stick up.................................................................................................................................................................111
use up....................................................................................................................................................................112
15. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and will or be going to.......................................................................................................118
blow away.............................................................................................................................................................119
come through........................................................................................................................................................119
dry out...................................................................................................................................................................120
fix up....................................................................................................................................................................120
go with..................................................................................................................................................................121
head back..............................................................................................................................................................122
tell on....................................................................................................................................................................123
16. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with gerund objects, 1.......................................................................................................127
believe in...............................................................................................................................................................127
carry on.................................................................................................................................................................128
count on................................................................................................................................................................128
get through............................................................................................................................................................129
go for....................................................................................................................................................................130
hold off.................................................................................................................................................................130
put past..................................................................................................................................................................130
think about............................................................................................................................................................131
17. FOCUS ON: adverbs and phrasal verbs........................................................................................................................136
come over.............................................................................................................................................................137
get back at.............................................................................................................................................................137
go about................................................................................................................................................................138
grow out of............................................................................................................................................................138
rip up....................................................................................................................................................................138
wear down.............................................................................................................................................................139
18. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and can, could, will, and would........................................................................................144
breakthrough.........................................................................................................................................................145
figure on................................................................................................................................................................145
get off...................................................................................................................................................................146
go beyond.............................................................................................................................................................147
lift upon................................................................................................................................................................147
line up...................................................................................................................................................................147
stand around..........................................................................................................................................................148
tell apart................................................................................................................................................................148
19. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb right..........................................................................................................152
aim at....................................................................................................................................................................152
bring back.............................................................................................................................................................153
bring over..............................................................................................................................................................153
cool off..................................................................................................................................................................153
go back..................................................................................................................................................................154
hand over..............................................................................................................................................................154
pull over................................................................................................................................................................154
warm up................................................................................................................................................................155
20. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form..................................................................................................160
end up...................................................................................................................................................................160
go around..............................................................................................................................................................160
Go off...................................................................................................................................................................162
hang around...........................................................................................................................................................163
lie around..............................................................................................................................................................164
start out.................................................................................................................................................................164
stay up...................................................................................................................................................................164
21. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and should and ought to....................................................................................................169
look around...........................................................................................................................................................170
look over...............................................................................................................................................................170
pick on..................................................................................................................................................................170
settle down............................................................................................................................................................171
step on...................................................................................................................................................................171
take out on.............................................................................................................................................................171
think ahead............................................................................................................................................................172
zip up....................................................................................................................................................................172
22. FOCUS ON: the particle up and the adverbs right and all..........................................................................................176
burn up..................................................................................................................................................................177
clear up ................................................................................................................................................................177
count up................................................................................................................................................................178
eat up....................................................................................................................................................................178
heat up..................................................................................................................................................................178
pay up...................................................................................................................................................................178
plug up..................................................................................................................................................................179
wipe up.................................................................................................................................................................179
23. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an additional particle when used with an object, 2.................183
crack down............................................................................................................................................................183
cut down...............................................................................................................................................................183
drop out.................................................................................................................................................................185
get away................................................................................................................................................................185
hold out.................................................................................................................................................................186
make up................................................................................................................................................................186
stay out..................................................................................................................................................................188
watch out...............................................................................................................................................................188
24. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 2.................................................................................................................192
come down............................................................................................................................................................192
Let up....................................................................................................................................................................193
print out .................................................................193
show off................................................................................................................................................................194
slow down.............................................................................................................................................................194
stop over...............................................................................................................................................................195
trade in..................................................................................................................................................................195
25. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and have to, have got to, and must...................................................................................200
do with ...............................................................................................................................................................201
have on..................................................................................................................................................................201
hurry up................................................................................................................................................................202
knock over............................................................................................................................................................202
lighten up..............................................................................................................................................................202
plan ahead.............................................................................................................................................................202
settle for................................................................................................................................................................203
think up.................................................................................................................................................................203
26. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb back..........................................................................................................206
get together...........................................................................................................................................................206
go over..................................................................................................................................................................207
go up.....................................................................................................................................................................208
let in on.................................................................................................................................................................208
open up.................................................................................................................................................................209
put together...........................................................................................................................................................209
shut off..................................................................................................................................................................209
start up..................................................................................................................................................................210
27. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle off and the adverb right.......................................................................214
bite off..................................................................................................................................................................215
break off................................................................................................................................................................215
dry off...................................................................................................................................................................215
knock off...............................................................................................................................................................216
tear off..................................................................................................................................................................216
wash off................................................................................................................................................................216
wear off.................................................................................................................................................................217
wipe off.................................................................................................................................................................217
28. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 2.............................................................................................................................222
beef up..................................................................................................................................................................222
break up................................................................................................................................................................222
call back................................................................................................................................................................223
call up...................................................................................................................................................................223
carry out................................................................................................................................................................223
give away..............................................................................................................................................................224
mess up.................................................................................................................................................................224
stand up.................................................................................................................................................................225
29. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and might, may, and can...................................................................................................229
ask for...................................................................................................................................................................229
come apart.............................................................................................................................................................230
drop in...................................................................................................................................................................230
flip out..................................................................................................................................................................230
look out.................................................................................................................................................................230
luck out.................................................................................................................................................................230
make out...............................................................................................................................................................231
run across..............................................................................................................................................................231
30. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 2................................................................................235
lock in...................................................................................................................................................................236
Lock out................................................................................................................................................................236
punch in................................................................................................................................................................237
put out...................................................................................................................................................................237
sort out..................................................................................................................................................................238
space out...............................................................................................................................................................239
wash up.................................................................................................................................................................239
31. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and gerund subjects...........................................................................................................245
care for..................................................................................................................................................................245
cut out...................................................................................................................................................................246
do away with.........................................................................................................................................................246
do without.............................................................................................................................................................247
look into................................................................................................................................................................247
plan on..................................................................................................................................................................247
put off...................................................................................................................................................................247
rule out..................................................................................................................................................................248
32. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle out...........................................................................................................251
clean out................................................................................................................................................................252
clear out................................................................................................................................................................253
come out...............................................................................................................................................................253
empty out..............................................................................................................................................................255
fall out...................................................................................................................................................................255
go out....................................................................................................................................................................255
leave out................................................................................................................................................................256
stick out................................................................................................................................................................256
33. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and midsentence adverbs..................................................................................................262
blow up.................................................................................................................................................................263
catch on.................................................................................................................................................................263
come about............................................................................................................................................................264
fall behind.............................................................................................................................................................264
goof around...........................................................................................................................................................264
help out.................................................................................................................................................................265
know about............................................................................................................................................................265
pull off..................................................................................................................................................................265
34. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-and three-word phrasal verbs, 2.........................................................................269
do over..................................................................................................................................................................269
float around...........................................................................................................................................................270
lead up to..............................................................................................................................................................270
put up to................................................................................................................................................................270
stand for................................................................................................................................................................270
stick around...........................................................................................................................................................271
stick to..................................................................................................................................................................271
take back...............................................................................................................................................................272
35. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs.................................................................................................................................276
fool around............................................................................................................................................................277
go by.....................................................................................................................................................................277
hold against...........................................................................................................................................................278
leave behind..........................................................................................................................................................278
live with................................................................................................................................................................278
make of.................................................................................................................................................................279
narrow down.........................................................................................................................................................279
trick into................................................................................................................................................................279
36. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle down.......................................................................................................283
back down.............................................................................................................................................................283
calm down.............................................................................................................................................................284
fall down...............................................................................................................................................................284
go down................................................................................................................................................................284
lay down...............................................................................................................................................................285
put down...............................................................................................................................................................285
run down...............................................................................................................................................................286
sit down................................................................................................................................................................287
37. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 3.................................................................................................................292
brush off................................................................................................................................................................292
come on................................................................................................................................................................293
cover up................................................................................................................................................................294
hang out................................................................................................................................................................294
leave over left over................................................................................................................................................294
Let down...............................................................................................................................................................295
talk to....................................................................................................................................................................296
38. FOCUS ON: the verb keep and adverbs and adverbials showing degrees of variability..........................................301
keep at...................................................................................................................................................................302
keep away.............................................................................................................................................................302
keep down.............................................................................................................................................................302
keep from..............................................................................................................................................................303
keep off.................................................................................................................................................................303
keep on..................................................................................................................................................................303
keep to..................................................................................................................................................................304
keep up..................................................................................................................................................................304
39. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 3.............................................................................................................................308
chop up.................................................................................................................................................................309
cross off................................................................................................................................................................309
fill up....................................................................................................................................................................309
pick up..................................................................................................................................................................310
sell out..................................................................................................................................................................311
straighten out.........................................................................................................................................................312
take over...............................................................................................................................................................312
wipe out................................................................................................................................................................313
40. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs vs. phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form.......................................................319
-ing form.............................................................................................................................................................................319
gerund................................................................................................................................................................................319
blow off................................................................................................................................................................319
burst out................................................................................................................................................................320
come back.............................................................................................................................................................320
get off on...............................................................................................................................................................321
go away.................................................................................................................................................................321
run around.............................................................................................................................................................321
stick with...............................................................................................................................................................322
41. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs with the particle in that require into when used with an object..................326
break in.................................................................................................................................................................327
Check out..............................................................................................................................................................328
go in......................................................................................................................................................................329
let in......................................................................................................................................................................329
plug in...................................................................................................................................................................329
sneak in.................................................................................................................................................................330
sneak out...............................................................................................................................................................330
42. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with get, 1...........................................................................................................................334
get back.................................................................................................................................................................334
get behind.............................................................................................................................................................335
get down...............................................................................................................................................................336
get in.....................................................................................................................................................................336
get out...................................................................................................................................................................337
get over.................................................................................................................................................................338
get up....................................................................................................................................................................339
43. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect phrasal verbs...............................................................................................343
blow out................................................................................................................................................................344
give out.................................................................................................................................................................345
gross out................................................................................................................................................................345
run up....................................................................................................................................................................345
shut up..................................................................................................................................................................346
stop off..................................................................................................................................................................346
try on....................................................................................................................................................................346
44. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives and passive phrasal verbs with the verb get........................................................352
beat up..................................................................................................................................................................353
mix up...................................................................................................................................................................354
piss off..................................................................................................................................................................355
rip off....................................................................................................................................................................355
45. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the verb turn..............................................................................................................360
turn down..............................................................................................................................................................360
turn in...................................................................................................................................................................360
turn into................................................................................................................................................................361
turn off..................................................................................................................................................................361
turn on...................................................................................................................................................................362
turn out..................................................................................................................................................................363
turn over................................................................................................................................................................364
turn up...................................................................................................................................................................365
46. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of phrasal verbs with the particle into............................................................................370
build in..................................................................................................................................................................370
bump into..............................................................................................................................................................370
con into.................................................................................................................................................................371
con out of..............................................................................................................................................................371
freak out................................................................................................................................................................371
make for................................................................................................................................................................371
talk into.................................................................................................................................................................371
talk out of..............................................................................................................................................................372
47. FOCUS ON: particles used without verbs.....................................................................................................................376
brush up................................................................................................................................................................376
come in.................................................................................................................................................................377
cut back.................................................................................................................................................................377
move in.................................................................................................................................................................378
move out...............................................................................................................................................................378
pull out..................................................................................................................................................................379
put in.....................................................................................................................................................................379
run out...................................................................................................................................................................380
48. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect passive phrasal verbs..................................................................................384
close down............................................................................................................................................................385
knock out..............................................................................................................................................................385
look down on.........................................................................................................................................................386
look up to..............................................................................................................................................................386
put back................................................................................................................................................................386
switch off..............................................................................................................................................................387
throw out...............................................................................................................................................................387
49. FOCUS ON: combinations of get, right, back, and to..................................................................................................392
dog up...................................................................................................................................................................395
get ahead...............................................................................................................................................................395
get back to.............................................................................................................................................................395
get on....................................................................................................................................................................395
get to.....................................................................................................................................................................396
hang on.................................................................................................................................................................397
start off..................................................................................................................................................................397
throw away............................................................................................................................................................397
50. FOCUS ON: Keep at it!...................................................................................................................................................402
ask out...................................................................................................................................................................402
come down to........................................................................................................................................................402
deal with...............................................................................................................................................................402
hold on..................................................................................................................................................................403
pay back................................................................................................................................................................403
take up on..............................................................................................................................................................403
turn around............................................................................................................................................................403
wear out................................................................................................................................................................404
Answers...................................................................................................................................................................................410
Index........................................................................................................................................................................................432
Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
To the Teacher / iv
To the Student / v
1. Separable and Nonseparable Phrasal
Verbs / 1
2. Phrasal Verbs and do, does, and did / 8
3. Three-Word Phrasal Verbs / 14
4. Present and Past Continuous Phrasal
Verbs / 18
5. Pronunciation of Two-Word Phrasal
Verbs / 24
6. Pronunciation of Three-Word Phrasal
Verbs / 32
7. Separable Phrasal Verbs with Long
Objects / 37
8. Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 46
9. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an
Additional Particle When Used with an
Object, 1 / 53
10. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 1 / 61
11. Phrasal Verbs Used in Compound Nouns /
70
12. Past Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 83
13. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 1 / 91
14. Participle Adjectives Formed from Phrasal
Verbs, 1 / 98
15. Phrasal Verbs and will or be going to /107
16. Phrasal Verbs with Gerund Objects, 1 / 116
17. Adverbs and Phrasal Verbs / 125
18. Phrasal Verbs and can, could, will,
and would / 133
19. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb right
I 141
20. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing
Form / 149
21. Phrasal Verbs and should and ought to 158
22. The Particle up and the Adverbs right and all
I 165
23. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an
Additional Particle When Used with an
Object, 2 / 172
24. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 2 / 180
25. Phrasal Verbs and have to, have got to, and
must / 188
iii
26. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb bade / 194
27. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle off and the
Adverb right I 202
28. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 210
29. Phrasal Verbs and might, may, and can /217
30. Participle Adjectives Formed
from Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 223
31. Phrasal Verbs and Gerund Subjects / 233
32. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle our / 239
33. Phrasal Verbs and
Midsentence Adverbs / 250 34.
Pronunciation of Two- and ThreeWord Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 257
35. Gerund Phrasal Verbs / 264
36. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle down / 271
37. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 3 / 280
38. The Verb keep and Adverbs and Adverbials
Showing Degrees of Variability / 289
39. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 3 / 296
40. Gerund Phrasal Verbs vs. Phrasal
Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 307
41. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs with the Particle in
That Require into When Used with an Object /
314
42. Phrasal Verbs with get, 1 / 322
43. Modals and Present Perfect
Phrasal Verbs / 331
44. Participle Adjectives and Passive Phrasal
Verbs with the Verb get I 340
45. Phrasal Verbs with the Verb rum / 348
46. Pronunciation of Phrasal Verbs
with the Particle into / 358
47. Particles Used Without Verbs / 364
48. Modals and Present Perfect
Passive Phrasal Verbs / 372
49. Combinations of get, right, back, and tо /
380
50. Keep at It! / 390
Answers to Exercises / 398
Index / 410
TO THE TEACHER
The inspiration for The Ultimate Phrasal Verb Book came about when a student asked
me for a textbook to help her learn the meanings of common phrasal verbs. I had
nothing to offer. The only textbook focusing on common verbs that I could give her
contains not one phrasal verb — it teaches arise but not get up, awake but not wake
up, seek but not look for.
Phrasal verbs are verbs, not idiomatic curiosities. There is no logic to classifying
take over with take the bull by the horns. Phrasal verbs are an essential part of
spoken and written English at all levels, and no student who hopes to master the
language can afford to overlook them.
Although this textbook is intended primarily for high-intermediate to advanced
students, ambitious students at lower levels will benefit from it as well. Only some
FOCUS sections may prove to be a little beyond them; otherwise, there is nothing to
prevent any student from studying the definitions and examples and attempting the
exercises.
A vocabulary textbook should provide mechanics as well as meaning. Students
want to know more than what a word means — they want to know how to use it
correctly.
The importance of mechanics is the reason for the emphasis on the prepositions
required when some phrasal verbs are used transitively and for the inclusion of
reviews of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs. Prepositions are the glue
that holds English together, but many students falter when using newly learned verbs
because they do not know that a preposition is also required, or if they do, which one.
This aspect of English is not given the attention it deserves because it is difficult to
teach — there are no rules that govern when a preposition, or which preposition, is
required, and no teacher likes to say "You just have to remember."
The hope of the latter feature, the discussion of points of grammar not specific to phrasal
verbs, is that combining practice with phrasal verbs and practice with a variety of
grammatical structures will increase not only the student's confidence in the
knowledge of phrasal verbs but also his or her willingness and ability to use them in a
wider range of situations.
There is inevitably a degree of oversimplification. That phrasal verb particles are
sometimes prepositions and sometimes adverbs is mentioned only once. No purpose
is served by differentiating between them, and the overlap between the two is
confusing to the student. Phrasal verbs are not identified as transitive or intransitive
because this is dictated by logic. Less common meanings of some phrasal verbs have
not been included. Adverb placement is presented and illustrated in simplified form
without discussion of the different types of adverbs — doing so would have gone
beyond the scope of this textbook.
iv
THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Student
And no differentiation is made between recognized adjectives derived from past participles and
past participles with adjectival meaning. The adjectival use of past participles (both phrasal and
nonphrasal) is an extremely important aspect of spoken English — something every student of
English should be familiar with — yet the dividing line between true adjectives derived from
past participles and passive sentences employing past participles with adjectival meanings is
ill-defined and problematic. Native speakers of English regularly use past participles in
superficially passive sentences with purely adjectival meaning. Whether the past participles are
verbs or actually adjectives is of no concern to the native speaker and is entirely irrelevant to
the student of English. Rather than distract the student with an unnecessary element of
confusion, both are referred to as participle adjectives throughout this textbook.
The exercises in this textbook are intended to reinforce meaning and mechanics. A cloze
exercise always comes first, followed by exercises focusing on sentence structure and the
FOCUS discussion. Last are exercises that ask the student to answer questions or write
original sentences.
There is a good deal of review built into this textbook. Every section contains two or more
exercises requiring the student to refer back to a previous section in order to review a phrasal
verb, participle adjective, or noun. When a phrasal verb has two or more meanings, it is
intentional that no help is provided to the student in determining which meaning applies;
students have to review them all and figure it out for themselves.
I have tried in this textbook to imitate the form and content of everyday English. If
occasionally the register and subject matter of some examples and exercises seem not quite
right for formal discourse, that is deliberate. Students need to learn formal English, of course,
but since most people speak informally most of the time, students need to gain familiarity with
the syntax, usage, and content of the informal English they read and hear every day at work, at
school, at home, and on television.
TO THE STUDENT
Phrasal verbs are combinations of ordinary verbs like put, take, come, and go and particles like
in, out, on, and off. They are a very important part of everyday English. Every student of
English needs a basic understanding of the most common phrasal verbs and also of common
nouns and adjectives made from phrasal verbs.
Most phrasal verbs are nor informal, slang, or improper for educated speech or formal writing.
Exactly the opposite is true — most phrasal verbs are acceptable at all levels of spoken or
written English. In fact, for many of the phrasal verbs in this textbook, there is no alternative to
the phrasal verb — there is no other way to say it.
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However, a few phrasal verbs in this textbook are identified as informal, and it is
better not to use them in serious, formal speech or writing. But these informal phrasal
verbs are important because they are very common in everyday informal speech and
writing.
Some phrasal verbs are very easy to understand. For example, it is not difficult to
understand sit down or come in because their meanings are obvious. But many phrasal
verbs are very idiomatic. Idiomatic means that there is no way to know what the verb and
particle mean together by knowing what the verb and particle mean separately. For
example, every beginning-level student learns what the words call, run, off, and out
mean, but that does not help the student to know that call off means cancel or that run out
means use all of something.
Each section of this textbook starts with a FOCUS, an explanation of something
important about phrasal verbs. Then eight phrasal verbs and an explanation of each
important meaning of each one are presented along with one or more example sentences
for each meaning. Following that are several exercises to help you understand and
remember what the phrasal verbs mean and how to use them in a sentence. And like real
conversation, questions asked with I or we are answered with you, and questions asked
with you are answered with / or we.
And because there is a lot to learn in this textbook, there is a lot of review to help you learn
it. Every phrasal verb is reviewed at least twice later in the book. The more idiomatic
phrasal verbs are reviewed more often, and the more important meanings of phrasal
verbs with several meanings are reviewed more often.
Terms, Abbreviations, and Symbols Used in this Textbook
verb Verb refers to the verb part of a phrasal verb. In other words, the phrasal verb minus the
particle. In the phrasal verb pull over, pull is the verb and over is the particle.
particle The adverbs and prepositions in phrasal verbs are both called particles in this book. Many
particles are adverbs and prepositions, and it can be very difficult and confusing to
figure out if a particle in a particular phrasal verb is one or the other. Fortunately,
this is almost never important to the student, so it is a lot easier to simply call them
both particles.
p.v. phrasal verb n. a noun made from a
phrasal verb
part.adj. participle adjective — a past participle of a phrasal verb used as an adjective put on it.
When words or sentences have a line through them, it means that they are
incorrect.
... Three dots between the verb and the particle mean that the object of the
phrasal verb can be placed between the verb and the particle.
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1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal
verbs
Phrasal verbs are either separable or nonseparable. Unfortunately, there is no rule that will help
you to look at a phrasal verb and always know whether it is separable or nonseparable.
Separable phrasal verbs
Separable phrasal verbs can be separated by their object. When the object is a noun, it is
usually entirely optional whether the object is placed between the verb and the particle or
placed after the particle. Both sentences below are correct:
I took my shoes off.
I took off my shoes.
However, when a pronoun is used instead of a noun, the pronoun must be placed
between the verb and the particle:
I took them off.
I took off them.
But in one type of sentence, separable phrasal verbs must be separated — when the
phrasal verb has two objects:
She put a blanket on.
She put on a blanket.
She put a blanket on the bed.
She put on a blanket the bed.
Nonseparable phrasal verbs
Nonseparable phrasal verbs cannot be separated by their object:
He ran into a tree.
He ran a tree into.
Throughout this book, phrasal verbs that can be separated have three dots (...) between
the verb and the particle.
Infinitive_____________________________________________
present tense -ing form past tense past participle
come from
come from & comes from coming from came from come from
1. come from p.v. When you come from a place, you were born there or lived there
previously. When you come from a family or a social situation, your past experience helps
to explain your present attitudes and behavior.
Mike comes from Alaska, so he's used to cold weather.
Jane had a difficult childhood. She came from a broken home.
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2. come from p.v. When something comes from a source, that is where it
originated.
The word "admiral" comes from an Arabic word.
The mechanic heard a strange sound coming from the engine.
Infinitive
present tense -ing form past tense past participle
figure out
figure out & figures out figuring out figured out figured out
1. figure ... out p.v. [the object can be a noun or a noun clause] When you figure out something, such as
the answer to a question, the solution to a problem, or why a person is a certain way or acts
a certain way, you think about and succeed in understanding it.
Joe's so hostile all the time. I can't figure him out.
I looked everywhere for my keys, but I couldn't figure out where I put them.
give back
give back & gives back giving back gave back given back
1. give ... back (to) p.v. When you return something to someone, you give it back.
Can I use your pen? I'll give it back after the test.
Timmy, give that toy back to your sister right now!
look for
look for & looks for looking for looked for looked for
1. look for p.v. When you look for things or people, you try to find them.
/ looked for you at the party, but I didn't see you.
Excuse me, can you help me? I'm looking for 303 Main St.
put on
put on & puts on putting on put on put on
1. put... on p.v. When you place something on or apply something to your body, you put it
on.
I put on my new dress before going to the party.
Eric forgot to put suntan lotion on, and now he's as red as a lobster.
2. put... on p.v. When you place something on or apply something to another surface, you
put it on.
I put the book on the table.
Jerry put too much fertilizer on his lawn, and now he has to cut it twice a week.
3. put... on p.v. When you attach or affix something to another thing, you put it on.
The Wilson’s put a new roof on their house last year.
I told the tailor to put red buttons on the dress he's making for me.
4. put... on p.v. When you put on weight, you gain weight.
THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK
Did you see Mike? He's put on so much weight that I didn't recognize him.
I need to go on a diet. I've been putting on a lot of weight lately.
5. put ...on p.v. When you organize or perform something for other people's entertainment,
such as a play or a concert, you put it on.
The club put on a show to raise money for the party.
That opera hasn't been put on in more than 200 years.
6. put.. .on p.v. [informal] When you put people on, you kid or tease them.
You won the lottery? You're putting me on!
Don't put me on — tell me the truth.
put-on n. Something done with the intention of fooling or deceiving people is a put-on.
He didn't really win the lottery. It was all a big put-on to impress his girlfriend.
Infinitive
present tense -ing form past tense past participle
run into run into & runs into running into ran into run into
1. run into p.v. When you are driving and hit another vehicle or something near the road, such
as a tree or a telephone pole, you run into it.
Ali was driving too fast, and he ran into a telephone pole.
I was run into by a drunk driver.
2. run into p.v. When you meet people unexpectedly or unintentionally, you run into them.
Bump into is the same as run into.
We ran into Karen and her new boyfriend at the supermarket yesterday.
I owe Frank $300, so I hope I don't run into him.
3. run into p.v. When you unexpectedly encounter difficulties or problems, you run into them.
/ thought it would be easy to fix my car, but I've been running into problems.
Janice ran into one problem after another at work today.
4. run into p.v. When the total of something grows to a large amount or number, it runs into
that amount or number.
If you fixed everything on that old car that needs fixing, it would run into thousands of dollars.
The number of starving people in the country ran into millions.
show up
show up & shows up showing up showed up shown up
1. show up p.v. When you appear somewhere, you show up. Turn up is similar to show up.
/ was supposed to meet my sister for lunch, but she hasn't shown up yet.
Over a hundred people showed up for the news conference.
2. show up p.v. When something appears or becomes visible, it shows up.
It's hard to photograph polar bears because they don't show up well
against the snow. The spots won't show up until the last stages of the
disease.
Infinitive
present tense -ing form past tense past participle
take off take off & takes off taking off took off taken off
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1. take ...off p.v. When you remove something from your body, you take it off.
/ was so tired when I got home that I took my clothes off and went straight to bed. Take off your shoes.
You're getting mud on the carpet.
2. take ...off p.v. When you remove something from a surface, you take it off.
I took the book off the table. You need to take the old wax off the floor before you
wax it again.
3. take ...off p.v. When you remove something from something it is attached or affixed to,
you take it off.
Alfonso always takes the skin off chicken before he cooks it. After Jane took the
flat tire off her bicycle, she put on the new one.
4. take ... off p.v. When you take time off from work or study, you do something different,
in stead of working or studying.
I can't work tomorrow. I have to take the day off for some tests at the hospital. Our company always
lets us take the week between Christmas and New Year's Day off.
5. take off p.v. When an airplane leaves the ground and flies up into the air, it takes
off.
Our plane took off an hour late because of the snow.
Put on your seat belt; we're taking off now.
takeoff n. Takeoff is when an airplane leaves the ground and flies up into the air. The takeoff was
delayed because of the snow.
6. take off p.v. When a business or other organized activity becomes very successful, it takes off.
The new restaurant's business is taking off because it got a good review in the newspaper.
If this business takes off, we could make a lot of money.
7. take off p.v. [informal] When you leave suddenly or quickly, you take off.
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