Thế nào là phần mềm dạy học

THE NAO LA PHAN MEM DAY HOC • •

O TS. DUON G TIEN SY - ThS. NGUYI N NGO C LINH*

Tu thdp nien 90 eua the ki trude, vdn de ung

dyng edng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) vdo dqy -

hqe id mdt ehu de idn duqe UNESCO chinh

thirc duo ro thdnh chuong trinh hdnh ddng trudc

ngudng cuo cuo the ki XXI, vd dy bdo: CNTT se

ldm thay ddi nen gido dye mdt edeh co bdn vdo

ddu the ki XXI.

Bp GD-DT dd quye't djnh chqn chu de ndm

hoc 2008-2009 Id «Ndm hpc ung dyng CNTT

de ndng eao chdt lupng gidng dqy vd ddi mdi

eo ehe qudn li tdi ehinh trong ngdnh". Hudng

nghien cuu ed nhieu trien vong trong viee ddi

mdi phuong phdp dqy hpe (PPDH) Id ung dyng

CNTT vdo xdy dyng vd su dyng phdn mem (PM)

dpy hpe (PMDH), vi nd tieh hpp dupe truyen thdng

da phuong tien. Tuy nhien, hudng nghien cuu

«Xdy dyng vd su dyng PMDH" do nghien ei/u

sinh tien hdnh edn gap nhieu khd khdn vi ehua ed

dupe mdt djnh nghla ddy du vd thdng nhdt edeh

hieu khdi niem ve PMDH.

Trong bdi viet ndy, ehung tdi de edp khdi niem

the ndo Id PMDH.

1. Khdi niem PM. Theo Ludt CNTT tqi myc 12

dieu 4 chuong 1 ghi rd: «PM Id chuong trinh mdy

tfnh duge md td bang he thdng kf hieu, md hade

ngdn ngu dedieu khien thief bi sdfhuc hien chifc

ndng nhdt dinh".

Theo Tif dien tin hoc Anh - Viet; Viet - Anh,

Nhd xud't bdn Hd Ndi. 2002. «PM Id nhi/ng

chuong trinh ed the ehqy tren he thdng mdy tinh,

khde vdi ede yeu to vdt li (phdn eung)".

Nhu vdy, PM (softwarej Id mat tap hgp nhifng

duge viet bang mgt hade nhieu theo mgt trdt tu

xdc dinh nham fu dgng thuc hien mdt sd chifc

ndng hade gidi quyet mat bdi todn ndo dd.

2. Phdn loqi PM. Cd nhieu cdeh phdn loqi

PM dyo vdo mdt so tieu chi ey the ndo dd tuy

theo phuong thue hoqt ddng hay theo khd ndng

ung dyng, sou ddy id mdt so loqi PM dupe phdn

lopi theo phuong thife hopt ddng:

PM he thdng (system software): dung de van

hdnh mdy tinh vd edc phdn eung mdy tinh gdm:

ede he dieu hdnh, PM dieu khien thie't bj (device

driver), edc edng ey phdn tieh (diagnostic tool),...

ede chuong trinh tien ich,... Vi dy nhu cde he dieu

hdnh mdy tinh V/indows XP, Linux, Unix, ede thu

vien ddng eua he dieu hdnh (edn gpi id thu vien

lien ke't ddng DLL - dynamic linked library), cde

trinh dieu khien (driver), phdn syn (firmv/ore) vd

Bios. Ddy Id edc loqi PM md he dieu hdnh lien he

vdi ehung de dieu khien vd qudn li ede thie't bj

phdn eung.

PM he thdng dupe luu tren ede loqi bd nhd

khdng thay ddi dugc, nhu ghi len chip, dupe gpi

Id phdn syn. PM he thdng khde vdi PM ifng dyng

id nd khdng tryc tiep giup dd ngudi dung.

Chuc ndng chfnh cua PM he fhdng Id tfch hgp,

dieu khien vd qudn If cde phan cung cua mdy

tfnh nhu: chuyen fir vdo dia, xudt vdn bdn ra

mdn hinh.

Nhu vdy, PM he fhdng Id tap cde chuong trinh

dung dekhdi ddng hay chay he thdng mdy tfnh,

edc ung dyng vd edc edng cy lap trinh.

PM lap trinh (Tools software). PM lap trinh

(cde PM chuyen dich mdj thudng cung cap ede

edng ey vd tien fch cho cde lap trinh vien trong

khi viet chuong trinh vd PM bang ede ngdn ngir

lap trinh khde nhau.

Cde edng cy ndy boo gdm ede trinh soqn thdo,

trinh bien djeh, trinh thdng djeh, trinh lien ke't,

trinh tim Idi, v.v... ede loqi chuong trinh ndy se

dqc ede tu dupe viet bdi ede theo mdt vd djeh

nd sang dqng md mdy tinh ed the hieu dupe, hoy

djeh nd song mdt dqng khde nhu Id (object file)

vd cde tdp tin (library file) md ede PM khde (nhu

he dieu hdnh chdng hqn) cd the hieu de vdn hdnh

mdy tfnh thye thi edc lenh.

PM dng dyng (Application software). PM

irng dyng Id mgt logi chuong trinh cd khd ndng

ldm cho mdy tfnh thuc hien true fiep mdt cdng

viee ndo dd md ngudi dung mudn thuc hien. Vf

dy nhu cde PM vdn phdng (Microsoft Office, Lotus

1-2-3, FoxPraj, PM doanh nghiep, PM qudn If

nguon nhdn luc XETA, chuong trinh fien fch, PM

trd chai, PM gido dye hoy cde PM de tfnh.

* TrUdng Dai hpc sir pham Ha Ndi

Tap ehi Giao due so 25 6 (ki a - a/aon)