Thất thoát trong đầu tư xây dựng nhìn từ góc độ tư vấn

fk Thanh tra ' MICHIN H

THAT THOAT TRONG DAU TIT XAY Din^G

nhin tir goc do tn van

•TCT S NGUYE N CAN H CHA T

C h u tjch Hiep hoi TiT vcfn xa y diTng

The ndo Id that thoat trong xdy di^g?

May nam gin day, trong cae van kien cua Dang,

Qud'c hdi, Chi'nh phu deu cd de cap nhieu de'n van de that

thoat treng xay dyng va da cd nhieu Chi thj, Nghi quye't

nham day manh viec dau tranh chd'ng hien tUOng cd chieu

hudng ngay cang gia tang dd. That thoat la nhi/ng mat

mat da xay ra trong xay dyng, the hien d chd vd'n, cdng

syc dupc bd ra nhieu ban gia trj cua cdng trinh, khie'n cho

tfnh nang cua cdng trinh bj giam sut, khdng bao dam yeu

cau cua thiet ke hoac nien ban sQ dung bj rQt ngan, tham

chi cd nhung trudng hpp that thoat tram trpng de'n myc

edng trinh bj pha hoai ngay ty trong qua trinh xay dyng. 6

day, loai try nhQng that thoat do thien tai, djeh hoa gay ra

hoac de anh hudng xa'u eua nhUng bien ddng khdng

ludng trudc dUde cua nen kinh te tean cau hay khu vyc

dua tdi. Ngudi ta hay danh gia mye dp that thoat bang

chenh lech giUa gia trj thyc cua cdng trinh va gia trj da bd

ra hoac danh gia myc dp that thoat bang ty le phan tram

giua gia trj that thoat va gia tri thyc. Do dinh nghTa ve that

thoat cd the khac nhau, nen viec danh gia that thoat khac

nhau. Cae ca quan nha nUde cung can cd mdt nghien cuU

edng phu, de danh gia mye dp that thoat mdt each tuang

ddi chfnh xae de cd cac bien phap hUu hieu phdng chdng.

Cdng tae xay dyng bao gdm nhieu giai doan, ca'u

thanh vdng ddi cua cdng trinh hay dy an xay dyng, ke tU

khau chu truang, quy hoach, lap dyan, khao sat, thie't ke,

thi cdng (trong dd bao gdm ea cdng tac dau thau cac loai),

giam sat, nghiem thu, thanh quyet tean, bao hanh, quan

ly su" dung. O mdi giai doan deu cd the xay ra that thoat

theo nhieu hinh thyc khac nhau.

That thoat la hau qua eua nhieu nguyen nhan gay ra

trong dd cd nhQng nguyen nhan khach quan nhUng chu

ye'u la do chu quan the hien d benh quan lieu, lang phf,

tham nhung. Mud'n phdng, chdng that thoat phai triet tU

gde cac bieu hien da neu tren d mdi khau cua vdng ddi dy

an. Trudc khi di vad phan nay eung can de cap den

nguyen nhan khdng kem phan quan trgng da gay ra that

thoat cd khi khdng nhd dd la do trinh dp quan ly, trinh dp

ky thuat, nam bat cdng nghe non kem chy khdng phai do

khia canh tieu eye. Dd'i vdi nguyen nhan nay, mud'n loai

try dupe can phai lien tue khdng ngung hpc tap de nang

cao trinh dp, cap nhat kien thyc theo phUdng cham "Hpc

va lam viee khdng tach biet, hpe de lam viec, lam viec

Xdy ditng Id mdt ngdnh sdn xudt vdt chdt tqo

ra nhiing cff sd vdt chdt ky thudt ldm tien de cho

viec xdy ditng vd phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi cda

ddt nu&c. Cdng trinh xdy dung thu&ng Id dm

chiec, yeu cdu th&i gian dai, kinh phi l&n, bao

gdm nhieu ngdnh ky thudt cdng nghe, lien quan

den nhieu mat qudn ly, chiu dnh hu&ng cua

nhieu yeu to khi hdu, tti nhien vd cdc bdt khd

khdng, rui ro. Trong nhiing ndm qua, viec qudn

ly nhd nu&c ve ddu tu xdy dung cff bdn dd co

nhieu tien bp, cdc ddi tdc tham gia hogt dpng xdy

dung cung dd trudng thdnh nhieu, su gidm sat

cua cdc Cff quan, cua cpng ddng dd budc ddu

phdt huy hieu qud, phdt hien dupfc nhieu yeu

kem, tieu cue trong cdng tdc ddu tuxdy dung, gdp

phdn hgn che vd khdc phiic, vi phgm phdp lugt

trong xdy dung. Tuy nhien, do nhu cdu xdy dung

ngdy cdng cao, phgm vi ngdy cdng mff rdng, cpng

them ndng lite qudn ly yeu kem, viec chdp hdnh

phdp ludt ky cUffng cua Nhd nu&c chua nghiem

dd ddn den nhiing thdt thodt mpt cdch pho bien

vd nghiem trpng & nhieu nai, dnh hu&ng den

cdng tdc xdy dung tren nhieu mat. Viec chdng

thdt thodt trong xdy dung dang tr& thdnh mpt su

quan tdm hdng ddu cda Ddng, Qudc hdi, Chinh

phu vd cpng dong.

cung la hpc tap", mdi td chyc, mdi ngudi deu can neu van

de hgc tap len hang dau va cd quyet tam, cd ke hoach

thyc hien. Can xem viec vi "ngu dd't" do tU minh khdng

hgc, cung khdng quan tam td chyc cho can bd, nhan vien

trong dan vj hpc tap do dd vi dd't de xay ra that thoat cung

phai xem nhu cd thie'u sdt Idn trong viec quan tam de'n

dao tao dpi ngu. Khuyet diem nay thudng bj xem nhe va

cd khi dupc tha thy vi "anh ta Id lam an, quan tam de'n

cdng viec chung nen khdng cd dieu kien hpc hoac khdng

cu' ngudi di hpc hoac td chyc cho anh em hgc dupc" v.v...

Thuc te can phan tfch khuyet diem dd trong dieu kien nen

kinh te tri thyc, trong thdi dai hdi nhap la khdng the tha thif

dUde nhat la dd'i vdi ngudi lanh dao.

Nhdn dang thd't thodt trong xdy ddtig

Vi chu trinh hay vdng ddi cua dU an dUdc chia lam

nhieu giai dean, mdi giai doan lai cd dac thu rieng nen

viec nhan dang sy that thoat cung theo tung giai doan cho

de phan tich, nghien culi.

That thoat trong giai doan chuan bi dau tU

So 93 (Thang 3-2010