Thành cổ Chămpa: Một cuộc hành trình

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THANH CO CHAMPA: MOT CUOC HANH TRINH

NGO VAN DOANH*

Khdng gid'ng vdi cac qud'c gia ed di u

tien d Ddng Nam A ra ddi vad

nhQng the ky di u CN ttf nhiing trung tam

thUdng mai da it nhieu chju anh hudng

ciia van hda An Do, nude Lam Ap, tien

than ciia nha nUde Champa , hinh thanh d

mdt vung da't ma ngudi Trung Qud'c da

chiem lam quan huyen. Va, tea thanh di u

tien ciia nUdc Lam Ap - than h Khu Tiic￾dUdc sit sach Trung Qud'c (Thuy kinh chii)

ndi tdi vad nam 248 chinh la tda than h ma

ngtfdi Lam Ap chiem dUde ttf vung dat ma

ngUdi Trung Qud'c cai tri. The nhUng, den

the ky V, Khu Tiic da bien than h met tda

thanh kien cd', viing chic , nhu Ly Dad

Nguyen (469- 527) da md ta trdng sach

Thuy kinh chii: "Thanh d khoang giiia hai

eon sdng, ba ma t giap niii, ve phia Nam va

phia Bic than h nhin ra sdng; ve phia

Ddng va phia Tay, khe niii chiy ve dudi

thanh. Ve phia Tay than h be mgt gdc.

Chu vi thanh la 6 ly 170 hd. Chieu Ddng

Tay la 650 bd. Than h xay gach cac 2

trUdng, tren than h lai cd tUdng gach cao 1

trUdng, cd md nhieu Id vudng. Tren tUdng

gach cd dung van, tren van lai dUng nam

ttfng gae, tren gae lai cd ndc, tren ndc lai

dUng liu, li u cao la 7, 8 trUdng, li u thap

la 5, 6 trUdng. Than h md mudi ba cifa.

Pham cac dien deu xoay ma t ve hudng

Nam. Nha d cd hdn 2100 cai. Xung quanh

thanh cd chd. Dja the hiem trd, chd nen

binh khi ciia Lam ap chtta het d dd.".

Chac ban, than h Idn Khu Tiic ma

ngUdi Lam Ap xay vae the ky V la tda

thanh dUdc xay dUng tren va theo md

hinh cua than h Khu Tiic the ky III cua

ngUdi Trung Qud'c ma Lam Ap da chiem

dUde vad nam 248. Chinh vi vay, ed the de

dang nhan thay, qua md t i ciia "Lam Ap

ky", mdt md hinh toa thanh thdi Han cua

than h ldn Khu Tiic. Ngay thua t ngii

"thanh" ma cae sit lieu Trung Qud'c dung

de chi cdng trinh kien triic Khu Tiic da

phi n nao cho tha'y cai md hinh Han dd.

Khdng gid'ng nhu cae dd thj ed cua An Do

va ciia cac qudc gia ed it nhieu chju anh

hudng cua van hoa An Do, thanh Khu Tiic

khdng phii la mdt dd thi budn ban hay dd

thj thieng, ma la la mdt trung tam quyen

lUc eiia chinh quyen va la mgt kien triic

quan sU.

Chinh nhiing in h hUdng eiia kien triic

thanh kieu Trung Qud'c ma Khu Tiic da it

nhieu md phdng van edn lUu lai trdng

qudc dd di u tien ciia nUde Lam Ap - thanh

Dien Xung. Ciing qua md t i cua Thuy

kinh chii, cd the nhan tha'y hinh bdng cua

Khu Tiic d dd than h Dien Xung: "kinh dd

Lam Ap lap d Dien Xung, each bd bien 40

ly... Ve phia tay nam giap niii, phia ddng

bi c nhin seng. Nhieu Idp had nUdc bad

quanh chau than h va d ndi ngdai cac had

ve phia ddng nam thi sdng dUa thed bd

PGS.TS Ngo Van Doanh, Vien Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A