Thận trọng với độc tố trong cóc

Thdn trgng vdi

doc td trong coc

/ ' JIViet Nam, cdc cd d khap ndi vd dfldc ddn

• / gian dung nhU mfit loai thflc pham bo dUdng

^^-^ (chd bong, bfit de uo'ng, hoac thit tUdi ddng

dl che'biln dfldi dang thflc pham: nau ehfio, lam cha

cdc.) cho ngfldi gid, tre em suy dinh dfldng, chan an,

chdm Idn, gay cfim, edi xfldng... vi thit cfic cfi ham

Ifldng eac chfi't dinh dfldng cao (53,37% chat dam,

12,66% chat beo, rat it chat dfldng, 23,56% tro va

4,18% do am) ma trong protein co nhieu acid amin

can thiet nhfl asparagin, histidin, tyrosin, methionin,

leucin, isoleucin, phenylalanin, tryptophan, cystein,

threonin... Trong thit coc co mot lugng ddng ke kem,

mangan va mfit so' nguyen to vi Iflgng khfic. Trong

thit cdc con cd chda vitamin A vd vitamin D. Vitamin

D giup cho qua trinh chuyin hda calci, phosphor, giiip

phfit trien va cho'ng coi xUflng, do do thit cfic thfldng

dfldc chpn lam thflc phfi'm cho tre chfim Idn, tre suy

dinh dfldng.

Tuy nhien, ben canh nhflng Igi ich cua thit cfic vdi

sdc khde cua eon ngfldi la nhdng nguy cd ra't Idn de

dga tinh mang. Tren the' gidi va d Viet Nam da ghi

nhan dflgc cac trUdng hgp ngp doc td coc do coc chfla

cha't doc rat manh co the gdy ehe't ngfldi. Phan Idn do'i

tflgng sfl dung thit cfic hay bfit cfic Id tre em cham Idn,

suy dinh dfldng hoac ngUdi benh suy nhugc, can boi

bo sflc khoe. Va chfic chin la 6 nhdng dfi'i tfldng ndy,

sflc cho'ng chgi vdi chat dfic cua cfic se kem hdn nhieu

so vdi ngfldi khoe manh. Them vao do, ngfi dfic dpc tfi'

coc la ngfi dfic cap tinh nen co ty le tfl vong rat cao,

Trong nhfla coc co chfla 3 nhom dgc chat, glycosid

tim (bufotoxin), phenethylamin vd dan cha't (tac dgng

tren he giao cam), tryptamin va dan chat (tac dgng

tren hg than kinh trung fldng). Cac dfic to nay eo d

14

«TS. NGUYI N THUAN ANH

tuyfi'n nhua sau tai, tuyen trSn mat va cac tuyln trfin

da cdc, trong gan cdc va trong buIng trflng cfic. Ddy

Id hon hgp doe to ed kha nang gay do giac, nghen

mach va tang huylt dp. Ngodi ra, mfit sl lodi cdc cfin .

chfla ca dfic to' tetrodotoxin (loai dfic t l cfi trong cd

ndc) thong qua ed ehl cfing sinh vdi mot so vi khuin.

Thanh phan ddc t l thay doi tuy theo lodi cfic. Trong

so cdc dgc td cfi trong cfic ngfldi ta quan tfim nhieu

de'n bufotoxin vi gfiy tdc dfing tren he tim mach vd

gay td vong nhanh.

Dgc tfi' cfi trong coc xfim nhap vdo cd the qua

dfldng mifing gdy ra ngfi dgc ca'p tinh vd thfim ehi la

tfl vong. O ngfldi, hifi'm khi xdy ra trfldng hgp ngfi

dgc do dung cham, sd md phai cdc. Tuy nhifin, khi

chat nhay bai tilt cda chung dinh vdo mfit sl vCing

nhay cam nhu mat, mieng cd the gdy ra hign tfldng

rat bdng, sulig phong...

Trieu chflng ngfi ddc dgc to' cdc xua't hien tfl 1 - 2

gid sau khi an (cfi thi sdm hdn ne'u ulng rflgu, bia)

vdi cac bilu hien: roi loan tieu hda (benh nhdn bi

chudng bung, dau bung tren rIn; kem theo ndn mda

dfl dfii; CO the bi tifiu chay), cung vdi trigu chflng tim

mach (hoi hop, ddnh trong ngflc, tim dfip nhanh; sau

do loan nhip tim, truy tim mach; huyet dp lie diu cao

sau do tut, roi loan than kinh, rfi'i loan cam gidc (dau

nhfl kim ehich d ddu ngfin tay, ngon chdn, te mfii...),

chong mat, do gidc, va mo hfii lanh, tfing tilt nfldc

hot; cfi the kho thd, ngflng thd, ngflng tim, rfi'i loan

tieu tien (benh nhdn xuat hien bi ddi, thieu nigu, vo

nieu vfi nang din de'n suy than cap). Ngodi ra cfi mpt

so' trieu chudng khac nhfl xua't hien bong rat, phij ne

niem mac, mfit nlu bi nhfla cfic bfin dinh trUc tilp

vao niem mac.

Thdi gian tfl liic an de'n lue cfi trieu chitog ng| dfic

ra't ngfin vfi rfi'i loan nhip tim xay ra rd't sdm nen

nhieu trfldng hgp td vong trfldc khi de'n dUdc b|nh

vien. Tuy nhifin, thdi gian xay ra ngg ddc, mflc dd

nfing cua ngfi dgc tuy thudc vao khii Ifldng chat d^c

dfla vdo cd the. Neu ngp dgc xdy ra d tri em, ngfldi Idn

tuoi, ngUdi cd benh man tinh thi nguy hilm cdng cao.

Phong tran h ngp dpc coc

Ne'u Id dinh chit nhay bdi tiet cua ede vdo tay,

mdt, mieng..., nen nhanh chdng riJa vung tilp xuc

nhilu lan bfing nUdc sach. De phdng trdnh ng| d|c

cfic ngfldi dan khfing nfin dijng trflng, gan, mfit cdc;

cung khfing nen fin thit cfic nlu khing bilt cdch

ldm (do de nhiem dgc to). Khong fin cung luc raift

so Ifldng thit cdc qud nhilu. KhIng ndn mua "b^t

THUOC & S0C KHOE so 491 (01.01.2014)