Tài liệu Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and Services ppt

Study on the Development and Marketing of

Non-Market Forest Products and Services

DG AGRI, Study Contract No: 30-CE-0162979/00-21

Study Report - Annexes

-November 2008-

Disclaimer

This report was produced under contract from the European Commission. It solely reflects the views

of the authors, and it should not be interpreted as a position of the European Commission. Neither

the European Commission, nor any person acting on its behalf can be held responsible for the use of

this document or of the information contained within.

Prepared by:

European Forest Institute (EFIMED)

Robert Mavsar, Sabaheta Ramčilović, Marc Palahí

University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU)

Gerhard Weiss, Ewald Rametsteiner, Saana Tykkä

Alterra

Rob van Apeldoorn, Jan Vreke, Martijn van Wijk

Confederation of European Forest Owners (CEPF)

Gerben Janse

External experts

Irina Prokofieva (Forest Technology Center of Catalonia)

Mika Rekola & Jari Kuuluvainen (University of Helsinki)

Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and Services

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Contents

ANNEX 1. INITIAL EXPERT INTERVIEWS ......................................................................................................................................1

ANNEX 2. COMMON INTERVIEW GUIDE FOR THE CASE STUDY DATA COLLECTION ...............................................................2

ANNEX 3. CLASSIFICATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES...............................................................................................................3

ANNEX 4. CHARACTERISATION OF FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES (ACCORDING TO MEA 2005).....................................4

ANNEX 5. COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES CLASSIFICATIONS..................................................7

ANNEX 6. LISTS OF MARKET AND NON-MARKET FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES ..................................................................8

ANNEX 7. IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT FOREST SERVICES IN THE EU-27 COUNTRIES .................................................... 13

ANNEX 8. SUMMARY OF THE FORVALUE QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS ............................................................................... 17

ANNEX 9. FOREST MULTIPLE USES - COMPATIBILITY MATRIX.............................................................................................. 29

ANNEX 10. PUBLIC ACCESS TO FORESTS AND PUBLIC USE OF NON-WOOD PRODUCTS NWFP.................................... 31

ANNEX 11. QUESTIONNAIRE CONCERNING THE IMPORTANCE OF FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES AND EXISTING

FINANCING MECHANISM............................................................................................................................................................... 33

ANNEX 12. THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC VALUE ..................................................................................................................... 43

ANNEX 13. VALUATION APPROACHES....................................................................................................................................... 44

ANNEX 14. GENERAL VALUE TYPOLOGY ................................................................................................................................... 45

ANNEX 15. ECONOMIC VALUATION TECHNIQUES .................................................................................................................. 46

ANNEX 16. VALUATION TECHNIQUES AND FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES ......................................................................... 47

ANNEX 17. KEY STEPS IN THE VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM GOODS AND SERVICES............................................................ 48

ANNEX 18. SPATIAL RELEVANCE OF DIFFERENT FOREST GOODS AND SERVICES............................................................... 50

ANNEX 19. SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC VALUES.......................................................................................................................... 51

ANNEX 20. OVERVIEW OF CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES FOR FINANCING INSTRUMENTS..................................................... 52

ANNEX 21. TYPOLOGY OF FINANCING INSTRUMENTS USED IN THE STUDY......................................................................... 54

ANNEX 22. USE OF FINANCING INSTRUMENTS – RESULTS..................................................................................................... 55

ANNEX 23. INNOFORCE DATABASE OF INNOVATION CASES IN FORESTRY ........................................................................ 58

ANNEX 24: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ADDITIONAL MCA INFORMATION.................................................................................. 59

ANNEX 25: SHORT DESCRIPTION OF COLLECTED EXAMPLES OF FINANCING MECHANISMS ............................................. 64

ANNEX 26: OVERVIEW MCA OF THE SELECTED CASES OF FINANCING MECHANISMS. ..................................................... 77

Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and Services

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Annex 1. Initial expert interviews

List of experts for initial interviews, March 2008 (name of expert, organisation, date and place):

• Erik Kosenkranius, Eustafor, Brussels, 13 March, 2008 (Brussels)

• Pieter De Corte, ELO, Brussels, 13 March, 2008 (Brussels)

• Marilise Wolf-Crowther, Eurostat, 15 March, 2008 (Brussels)

• Hakan Nystrand, METO (Forestry Experts’ Association), Helsinki, 15 March, 2008 (Brussels)

• Jenny Wong, Wild Resources Limited, Bangor, 15 March, 2008 (Brussels)

• Joan Botey I Serra, CEPF/Agrofitor S.A., Barcelona, 14 March, 2008 (Brussels)

• Stefan Schenker, CEPF, Brussels/Mariensee, 20 February (telephone)

• Thomas Stemberger, COPA-COGECA, Brussels/Vienna, 15 March, 2008 (Brussels)

• Alexandra Vakrou, DG Environemtn, Brussels, 15 March, 2008 (Brussels)

Conferences used for further interviews:

• PARLAVIS WS 22. 2. 2008, Nasswald, AT;

• EFORWOOD WP2.3 meeting, 27. 2. 2008, Lisbon, PT;

• International Excursion on Forest Policy and Innovations in Forestry, 21.-23. 4. 2008, AT;

• BEECH Project Meeting 6. 5. 2008, Freiburg, DE;

• EFI PC INNOFORCE meeting 11. 6. 2008, Edinburgh, UK;

• Seminar on Innovations for Rural Development, 11. 6. 2008, Dunkeld, UK;

• COST Action E51 meeting, 12.-13. 6. 2008, Dunkeld, UK;

• FOPER International Master Programm Seminar, 30. 6. – 4. 7. 2008, Belgrade/Durmithor,

SB/MNE;

• FORTIS Seminar “Forests – Not Only Wood”, 3. 9. 2008, Trento/S. Michele, IT;

• FORVALUE Workshop and project meeting, 8.-10. 9. 2008, Barcelona, ES;

• EESD Conference 23. 9. 2008, Graz, AT.

Annexes

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Annex 2. Common interview guide for the case study data collection

Case interview guide:

• name of case and carrier

• background information on institutional situation (e.g. legal framework and administrative

structure)

• characterisation of the activity (what is the business or project and why is it innovative?)

(including what type(s) of financing is/are employed)

• characterisation of the financing mechanisms involved

o Description of the financing mechanism

o Beneficiary of the payment (e.g. land owner, association, community, etc.)

o Who pays? (e.g. local, provincial, national government, user, etc.)

o Are there intermediary organisations involved?

o Use of legal, economic, communication, or voluntary instruments, or combinations

o Which investments or measures are necessary before the mechanism works?

o On which basis is payment fixed, e.g. market price, free negotiation, assessment of costs,

etc.?

• chronology of the case:

o problem situation before the innovation or start-up was started and motivation why it

was started;

o development and implementation incl. e.g. source of ideas and initiatives; critical stages

or milestones of the development possibly including challenges and strategies to

overcome problems;

o finally: state-of-progress and outcome incl. basic data on the business such as number of

staff, annual turnover, etc. as far as available. (including: amount of compensation from

specific financing instruments)

• actors involved (e.g. authorities; extension services; NGO’s; research institutions; firm networks

and cooperation)and their role, particularly:

o knowledge (which kind of knowledge came from whom?),

o financing (who contributed which financial sources incl. public grants and private

money)

o relation of actors and coordination (which cooperations where important and who was

particularly important for coordinating actors?)

• relevance of public policies and programmes (e.g. through subsidies but also through advice,

knowledge, coordination, legal regulations, etc.)

• analysis/evaluation:

o Outcomes in relation to the objectives of the innovation

o Role of the innovation in the overall economic strategy of the organisation (e.g.

specialisation, diversification, rationalisation, outsourcing, marketing, cooperation,

expansion)

o relevance of the institutional setting for the innovation

o Positive and negative results and outcomes of the innovation (economic performance and

other changes)

o Challenges and problems, strategies to overcome these

o Fostering and impeding factors

o Future plans

o feasibility of and requirements for an application of the financing mechanism in other

countries

Study on the Development and Marketing of Non-Market Forest Products and Services

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Annex 3. Classification of Ecosystem Services

Provisioning Regulating Cultural

Food

Fiber

Genetic resources

Biochemicals, natural

medicines, pharmaceuticals

Freshwater

Air quality regulation

Climate regulation

Water regulation

Erosion regulation

Water purification and waste

treatment

Disease regulation

Pest regulation

Pollination

Natural hazard regulation

Cultural diversity

Spiritual and religious values

Knowledge systems

Educational values

Inspiration

Aesthetic values

Social relations

Sense of place

Cultural heritage values

Recreation and ecotourism

Supporting

Soil formation, Photosynthesis, Primary production, Nutrient cycling and Water cycling

Adopted from MEA (2005)

Annexes

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Annex 4. Characterisation of forest goods and services (according to MEA 2005)

Resources: This category refers to the forest ability to provide “tangible” wood and non-wood forest

products.

Industrial wood serves as the basis for the production of a vast number of products, like industrial

round wood, sawn wood, wood-based panels, pulp and paper, particleboard, fibreboard, and

plywood, engineered lumber components, softwood lumber, flooring, pallets, veneer, etc.

Fuel wood includes the provision of wood for energy generation from direct use of woody material

(e.g. twigs, branches and stems used as fuel or charcoal); indirect use (e.g. wood processing

residues); recovered wood-fuels (used wood) and wood-derived fuels (e.g. methanol) (Mead, D.

2001).

Non-wood forest products (NWFP) serve various purposes, ranging from food, medicines, spiritual,

aesthetic, construction and clothing materials. Forest provides a great diversity of NWFP. According

to the Millennium Environmental Assessment (MEA, 2005) “At least 150 NWFPs are of major

significance in international trade”. For a comprehensive overview of NWFP see Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1. Example of Non-Wood Forest Products Classification

Food Products

Decorative &

Aesthetic Pr.

Health & Care Pr.

Landscape &

Garden Pr.

Materials &

Manufacturing Pr.

Environmental Pr.

berries

beverages￾essential oils

flavouring agents

herbs and spices

honey

maple syrup,

sugar

taffy, butter

mushrooms

nuts

seeds

teas

vegetables

adhesives

alcohol

candles

cloth

dyes

essential oils

fragrances

incense

lignosulfonates

resin

specialty wood pr.

stuffing material

thread & rope

turpentine

aromatherapy oils

cosmetics

drugs

essential oils

herbal health pr.

nutraceutials

perfumes and

fragances

pet care pr.

shampoos

soaps

Christmas tree

cone crafts

bark crafts

carvings

floral

arangements

wreaths

garlands,

swags

natural

dyes

biofuels

biopesticides

recycled pr.

landscape trees

shrubs

wildflowers

grasses

mulches

soil amendments

Adopted from: CMRN (1999)

Ecological Services: The main ecological services are related protection and regulation of water, soil

and health.