Tài liệu Safeguarding Equipment and Protecting Employees from Amputations docx

Safeguarding Equipment and

Protecting Employees from

Amputations

www.osha.gov

Small Business Safety and

Health Management Series

OSHA 3170-02R 2007

Employers are responsible for providing a safe and

healthful workplace for their employees. OSHA’s

role is to assure the safety and health of America’s

employees by setting and enforcing standards; pro￾viding training, outreach, and education; establish￾ing partnerships; and encouraging continual im￾provement in workplace safety and health.

This publication is in the public domain and may be

reproduced, fully or partially, without permission.

Source credit is requested, but not required.

This information is available to sensory impaired

individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 693-

1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: (877) 889-5627.

Edwin G. Foulke, Jr.

Assistant Secretary of Labor for

Occupational Safety and Health

Safeguarding Equipment

and Protecting Employees

from Amputations

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

U.S. Department of Labor

OSHA 3170-02R

2007

2

Occupational Safety and

Health Administration

This OSHA publication is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations. The

publication is advisory in nature, informational in content, and is intended to assist employers in

providing a safe and healthful workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers

to comply with hazard-specific safety and health standards. In addition, pursuant to Section 5(a)(1),

the General Duty Clause of the Act, employers must provide their employees with a workplace free

from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm. Employers can be cited for

violating the General Duty Clause if there is a recognized hazard and they do not take reasonable

steps to prevent or abate the hazard. However, failure to implement these recommendations is not,

in itself, a violation of the General Duty Clause. Citations can only be based on standards, regula￾tions, and the General Duty Clause.

Contents

Introduction 5

OSHA Standards 5

National Consensus Standards 6

Recognizing Amputation Hazards 7

Hazardous Mechanical Components 7

Hazardous Mechanical Motions 7

Hazardous Activities 9

Hazard Analysis 9

Controlling Amputation Hazards 9

Safeguarding Machinery 9

Primary Safeguarding Methods 10

Guards 10

Safeguarding Devices 13

Secondary Safeguarding Methods 16

Probe Detection and Safety Edge Devices 16

Awareness Devices 17

Safeguarding Methods 17

Safe Work Procedures 18

Complementary Equipment 18

Administrative Issues 19

Inspection and Maintenance 19

Lockout/Tagout 20

Specific Machine Hazards and

Safeguarding Methods 20

Hazards of Mechanical Power Presses 20

Safeguarding Mechanical Power Presses 22

Other Controls for Mechanical Power Press

Servicing and Maintenance 23

Training 24

Additional Requirements 24

Power Press Brakes 25

Hazards of Power Press Brakes 25

Safeguarding Power Press Brakes 25

Other Controls for Power Press Brakes 26

Hazards of Conveyors 26

Safeguarding Conveyors 28

Other Controls for Conveyors 29

Hazards of Printing Presses 30

Safeguarding Printing Presses 31

Other Controls for Printing Presses 32

Hazards of Roll-Forming and

Roll-Bending Machines 33

Safeguarding Roll-Forming and

Roll-Bending Machines 33

Other Controls for Roll-Forming and

Roll-Bending Machines 34

Hazards of Shearing Machines 35

Safeguarding Shearing Machines 36

Other Controls for Shearing Machines 36

Hazards of Food Slicers 37

Safeguarding and Other Controls for

Food Slicers 38

Hazards of Meat Grinders 38

Safeguarding and Other Controls for

Meat Grinders 39

Hazards of Meat-Cutting Band Saws 39

Safeguarding and Other Controls for

Meat-Cutting Band Saws 40

Hazards of Drill Presses 41

Safeguarding and Other Controls for

Drill Presses 42

Hazards of Milling Machines 43

Safeguarding and Other Controls for

Milling Machines 44

Hazards of Grinding Machines 45

Safeguarding and Other Controls for

Grinding Machines 46

Hazards of Slitters 46

Safeguarding and Other Controls for

Slitters 47

OSHA Assistance 49

References 51

Appendix A.

Amputation Hazards Not Covered

in this Guide 53

Appendix B.

Amputation Hazards Associated

with Other Equipment and Activities 54

Appendix C.

OSHA Regional Offices 55

SAFEGUARDING EQUIPMENT AND PROTECTING EMPLOYEES FROM AMPUTATIONS 3

4

Occupational Safety and

Health Administration

List of Tables

Table 1. Commonly Used Machine Guards 12

Table 2. Types of Safeguarding Devices 13

List of Figures

Figure 1. Rotating Motion 7

Figure 2. Reciprocating Motion 7

Figure 3. Transversing Motion 7

Figure 4. Cutting Action 7

Figure 5. Punching Action 8

Figure 6. Shearing Action 8

Figure 7. Bending Action 8

Figure 8. In-Running Nip Points 8

Figure 9. Fixed Guard on a Power Press 11

Figure 10. Power Press with an Adjustable

Barrier Guard 11

Figure 11. Self-Adjusting Guard on a

Radial Saw 11

Figure 12. Interlocked Guard on a Roll

Make-up Machine 11

Figure 13. Pullback Device on a Power Press 13

Figure 14. Restraint Device on a Power Press 16

Figure 15. Presence-Sensing Device on a

Power Press 16

Figure 16. Two-Hand Control 16

Figure 17. Power Press with a Gate 16

Figure 18. Power Press with a Plunger Feed 17

Figure 19. Shuttle Ejection Mechanism 18

Figure 20. Safety Tripod on a Rubber Mill 18

Figure 21. Typical Hand-Feeding Tools 19

Figure 22. Properly Guarded Foot Control 19

Figure 23. Part Revolution Mechanical Power

Press with a Two-Hand Control 21

Figure 24. Hand-Feeding Tools Used in

Conjunction with Pullbacks

on a Power Press 23

Figure 25. Power Press Brake Bending Metal 25

Figure 26. Two-Person Power Press Brake

Operation with Pullbacks 26

Figure 27. Belt Conveyor 27

Figure 28. Screw Conveyor 27

Figure 29. Chain Driven Live Roller Conveyor 27

Figure 30. Slat Conveyor 28

Figure 31. Roll-to-Roll Offset Printing Press 31

Figure 32. Sheet-Fed Offset Printing Press 31

Figure 33. Roll-Forming Machine 33

Figure 34. In-Feed Area of a Roll-Forming

Machine 33

Figure 35. Hydraulic Alligator Shear 35

Figure 36. Power Squaring Shear 35

Figure 37. Meat Slicer 37

Figure 38. Stainless Steel Meat Grinder 38

Figure 39. Stainless Steel Meat-Cutting

Band Saw 40

Figure 40. Drill Press with a Transparent

Drill Shield 41

Figure 41. Bed Mill 43

Figure 42. Horizontal Surface Grinder 45

Figure 43. Paper Slitter 47