Tài liệu Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites docx

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Composite

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites

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K10865

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Leng

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Lau

The novel properties of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites make them useful

Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites

for a broad range of applications in fields as diverse as space exploration,

bioengineering, car manufacturing, and organic solar cell development, just to name

a few. Presenting an overview of polymer nanocomposites, how they compare with

traditional composites, and their increasing commercial importance, Multifunctional

Polymer Nanocomposites conveys the significance and various uses of this new

technology for a wide audience with different needs and levels of understanding.

Exploring definitions, architectures, applications, and fundamental principles of

various functions of multifunctional polymeric smart materials—from bulk to nano—

this book covers the use of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites in—

•carbon nanotubes

•electroactive and shape memory polymers

•magnetic polymers

•biomedical and bioinformation applications

•fire-resistance treatments

•coating technologies for aeronautical applications

•ocean engineering

A practical analysis of functional polymers, nanoscience, and technology, this book

integrates coverage of fundamentals, research and development, and the resulting

diversity of uses for multifunctional polymers and their nanocomposites. Quite

possibly the first reference of its kind to explore the progress of polymer nanocomposites

in terms of their multifunctionality, it covers both theory and experimental results

regarding the relationships between the effective properties of polymer composites

and those of polymer matrices and reinforcements.

This book is a powerful informational resource that illustrates the importance of

polymer nanomaterials, examining their applications in various sectors to promote

new, novel research and development in those areas. It will be a welcome addition

to the libraries of not only engineering researchers, but senior and graduate students

in relevant fields.

MATERIALS SCIENCE

Multifunctional

Polymer

Nanocomposites

Multifunctional

Polymer

Nanocomposites

Edited by

Jinsong Leng

Alan kin-tak Lau

CRC Press is an imprint of the

Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Boca Raton London New York

CRC Press

Taylor & Francis Group

6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300

Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business

No claim to original U.S. Government works

Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at

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© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC v

Contents

Preface.................................................................................................................... vii

About the Editors ...................................................................................................xi

Contributors......................................................................................................... xiii

1. Introduction.....................................................................................................1

Jinsong Leng, Jianjun Li, and Alan kin-tak Lau

2. Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Nanocomposites .................................... 19

Alan kin-tak Lau

3. Multifunctional Polymeric Smart Materials ..........................................47

Jinsong Leng, Xin Lan, Yanju Liu, and Shanyi Du

4. Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites: Fabrication, Processing,

Property Analysis, and Applications ..................................................... 135

Suying Wei, Jiahua Zhu, Pallavi Mavinakuli, and Zhanhu Guo

5. Carbon-Nanotube-Based Composites and Damage Sensing............ 159

Chunyu Li, Erik T. Thostenson, and Tsu-Wei Chou

6. Natural Fiber Composites in Biomedical and Bioengineering

Applications.................................................................................................283

Karen Hoi-yan Cheung

7. Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites ..........................................309

Jihua Gou and Yong Tang

8. Polyurethane Nanocomposite Coatings for Aeronautical

Applications................................................................................................. 337

Hua-Xin Peng

9. Surface Modification of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for

Composites...................................................................................................389

Joong Hee Lee, Nam Hoon Kim, N. Satheesh Kumar, and Basavarajaiah

Siddaramaiah

10. Ocean Engineering Application of Nanocomposites..........................423

Yansheng Yin and Xueting Chang

© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC vii

Preface

A nanocomposite is a multiphase solid material in which one of the phases

has one, two, or three dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers, or structures

having nano-scale repeat distances between the different phases that make

up the material (Nanocomposite Science and Technology, Wiley, 2003). Nano

inorganic or organic powders or films with special physical properties are

combined with polymers to form polymer nanocomposites whose physical

properties and mechanical performance differ from those of the component

materials significantly. A primary purpose of producing polymer nanocom￾posites is to impart the composites with multifunctional properties. There

has been a rapid development of multifunctional polymer nanocompos￾ites and a number of achievements have been reported. Due to their novel

properties, multifunctional polymer nanocomposites can be used in a broad

range of applications from outer space to automobiles, and to address chal￾lenges in organic solar cells, and biological technologies.

The book is aimed at audiences at different levels to provide a compre￾hensive discussion of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites. Both the￾oretical work and experimental results on the relationships between the

effective properties of polymer composites and the properties of polymer

matrices and reinforcements are discussed. Chapter 1 presents the over￾view of the development from bulk to nano for academics and industries,

the importance of understanding the role of the nano and multifunctional

polymer composites in definition, fabrication, design, nanotechnology, and

nano products, and the increasing trend of using nano and multifunctional

polymer composites.

Chapter 2 gives a comprehensive review on the structural properties of

nanotubes and their related polymer composites. Many key factors such as

dispersion, interfacial bonding characteristics, novel types of nanotubes in

relation to the resultant mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the

composites are discussed and analyzed through theoretical and computa￾tional studies. Chapter 3 provides some recent advances in multifunctional

polymeric smart materials, including electroactive polymers and shape mem￾ory polymers and their composites. A comprehensive discussion is devoted

to the definitions, architectures, applications, and fundamental principles of

various functions of multifunctional polymeric smart materials.

viii Preface

© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Chapter 4 reviews the development of magnetic polymer nanocomposites.

Their fabrication, processing, and physicochemical property analyses are

taken into account. The effect of magnetic oxide nanoparticles on the chemi￾cal polymerization of polymer matrices is investigated. The morphology

(size and shape) and other physicochemical properties of the polymer matrix

are significantly influenced by the magnetic oxide nanoparticles.

Chapter 5 focuses on the nanomechanics of carbon nanotubes and

modeling of carbon nanotube-based composites. This chapter introduces the

atomistic modeling technique, the modeling of electromechanical coupling

behaviors of carbon nanotubes, and the modeling of electrical conductiv￾ity of nanotube-based composites. Furthermore, the relevant experimental

studies are also introduced. Chapter 6 presents the development of conven￾tional biomaterials to the state-of-the-art biocomposites for biomedical and

bioengineering applications. The advantages and disadvantages of different

types of biomaterials, their material properties, structures, biodegradability

and biocompatibility to the host body, and applications of the biocomposites

are given. Chapter 7 provides the advances in synthesis, processing and test￾ing of condensed phase flame retardant polymer nanocomposites. The mor￾phologies, thermal stability, flammability, and char formation of polymer

composites coated with carbon nanopaper are studied. The fire retardant

mechanism of carbon nanopaper is discussed.

Chapter 8 follows the nanomaterials through engineering to applications

and focuses on the recent development of polymer nanocomposites coatings

for aeronautical applications. This provides an informative account of the

challenges and opportunities for nanocomposite coatings in aeronautical

operations under conditions such as lightning strike, erosion, ice accretion,

and environmental corrosion. Chapter 9 describes the surface modification

of carbon nanotubes for composites, which includes chemical modifica￾tion, substitution reaction, electrochemical modification, and photochemi￾cal modification. Chapter 10 describes the ocean engineering application

of nanocomposites, dealing with deformation, damage initiation, damage

growth, and failure and corrosion in nanopaticles.

Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites provides the reader with the latest

thinking on polymer nanocomposites by the scientists and researchers actu￾ally involved in their development. This book will be a useful reference not

only for engineering researchers, but also for senior and graduate students

in their relevant fields.

We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to

all the contributors for their hard work in preparing and revising the chap￾ters. We also wish to thank and formally acknowledge all the members of our

Preface ix

© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

team, as well those who helped with the preparation of this book. Finally, we

are indebted to our families and friends for all their patience and support.

Jinsong Leng

Cheung Kong Scholars Professor, SPIE Fellow

Editor-in-Cheif: International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

Centre for Composite Materials and Structures

Harbin Institute of Technology, PR China

Alan K. T. Lau

Professor and Executive Director

Centre of Excellence in Engineered Fibre Composites

Faculty of Engineering and Surveying

University of Southern Queensland

Australia

Department of Mechanical Engineering

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Hong Kong SAR China

© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC xi

About the Editors

Jinsong Leng is a Cheung Kong Chair Professor at the Centre for Composite

Materials and Structures of Harbin Institute of Technology, China. His research

interests include smart materials and structures, sensors and actuators, fiber￾optic sensors, shape-memory polymers, electroactive polymers, structural

health monitoring, morphing aircrafts, and multifunctional nanocomposites.

He has authored or coauthored over 180 scientific papers, 2 books, 12 issued

patents, and delivered more than 18 invited talks around the world. He also

serves as the chairman and member of the scientific committees of interna￾tional conferences. He served as the editor-in-chief of the International Journal

of Smart and Nano Materials (Taylor & Francis Group) and as the associate edi￾tor of Smart Materials and Structures (IOP Publishing Ltd.). He is the chairman

of the Asia-Pacific Committee on Smart and Nano Materials. Prof. Leng was

elected an SPIE Fellow in 2010.

Alan K. T. Lau is professor and executive director of the Centre for Excellence in

Engineered Fibre Composites, University of Southern Queensland, Australia. His

research directions are mainly focused on smart composites, bio-nano-compos￾ites, and FRP for infrastructure applications. Due to his significant contribution

to the field of science and engineering, he was elected as a member of European

Academy of Sciences with the citation “for profound contributions to materials

science and fundamental developments in the field of composite materials” in

2007. Dr. Lau has published over 190 scientific and engineering articles, and

his publications have been cited over 1250 times (with an h-index of 17, over

950 times for non-self-cited articles) since 2002. He has also successfully con￾verted his research findings into real-life practical tools, and therefore a total

of six patents have been granted to him. Currently, he has been serving more

than 40 local and international professional bodies as chairman, committee

member, editor, and key officer to promote the engineering profession to the

public. He is also the chairman of the 1st International Conference on Multi￾Functional Materials and Structures, 2008.

© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC xiii

Contributors

Xueting Chang

Institute of Marine Materials

Science and Engineering

Shanghai Maritime University

Shanghai, China

Karen Hoi-yan Cheung

Department of Mechanical

Engineering

Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Hong Kong, SAR China

Tsu-Wei Chou

Department of Mechanical

Engineering and Center for

Composite Materials

University of Delaware

Newark, Delaware

Shanyi Du

Center for Composites and

Structures

Harbin Institute of Technology

Harbin, China

Jihua Gou

Composite Materials and

Structures Laboratory

Department of Mechanical,

Materials, and Aerospace

Engineering

University of Central Florida

Orlando, Florida

Zhanhu Guo

Integrated Composites Laboratory

Dan F. Smith Department of

Chemical Engineering

Lamar University

Beaumont, Texas

Nam Hoon Kim

Department of Hydrogen and Fuel

Cell Engineering

Chonbuk National University

Jeonbuk, South Korea

N. Satheesh Kumar

Faculty of Chemical and Process

Engineering

National University of Malaysia

Selangor, Malaysia

Xin Lan

Center for Composites and

Structures

Harbin Institute of Technology

Harbin, China

Alan kin-tak Lau

Centre for Excellence in Engineered

Fibre Composites

Faculty of Engineering and

Surveying

University of Southern Queensland

Queensland, Australia, and

Department of Mechanical

Engineering

Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Hong Kong, SAR China

Joong Hee Lee

BIN Fusion Research Team

Department of Polymer and Nano

Engineering

Chonbuk National University

Jeonbuk, South Korea

Jinsong Leng

Center for Composites and

Structures

Harbin Institute of Technology

Harbin, China

xiv Contributors

© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Chunyu Li

Department of Mechanical

Engineering and Center for

Composite Materials

University of Delaware

Newark, Delaware

Jianjun Li

Center for Composites and

Structures

Harbin Institute of Technology

Harbin, China

Yanju Liu

Center for Composites and

Structures

Harbin Institute of Technology

Harbin, China

Pallavi Mavinakuli

Department of Chemical

Engineering

Lamar University

Beaumont, Texas

Hua-xin Peng

Advanced Composites Centre for

Innovation and Science

Department of Aerospace

Engineering

University of Bristol

Bristol, United Kingdom

Basavarajaiah Siddaramaiah

Department of Polymer Science and

Technology

Sri Jayachamarajendra College of

Engineering

Mysore, India

Yong Tang

Composite Materials and

Structures Laboratory

Department of Mechanical,

Materials and Aerospace

Engineering

University of Central Florida

Orlando, Florida

Erik T. Thostenson

Department of Mechanical

Engineering and Center for

Composite Materials

University of Delaware

Newark, Delaware

Suying Wei

Department of Chemistry and

Physics

Lamar University

Beaumont, Texas

Yansheng Yin

Institute of Marine Materials

Science and Engineering

Shanghai Maritime University

Shanghai, China

D. Zhang

Integrated Composites Laboratory

Lamar University

Beaumont, Texas

Jiahua Zhu

Integrated Composites Laboratory

Lamar University

Beaumont, Texas