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Learning iPhone Programming
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Learning iPhone Programming
Alasdair Allan
Beijing Cambridge Farnham Köln Sebastopol Taipei Tokyo
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Learning iPhone Programming
by Alasdair Allan
Copyright © 2010 Alasdair Allan. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions
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corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or [email protected].
Editor: Brian Jepson
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Illustrator: Robert Romano
Printing History:
March 2010: First Edition.
O’Reilly and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Learning iPhone
Programming, the image of a lapwing, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
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While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume
no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.
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This book uses RepKover™, a durable and flexible lay-flat binding.
ISBN: 978-0-596-80643-9
[M]
1267461377
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Table of Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
1. Why Go Native? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
The Pros and Cons 1
Why Write Native Applications? 2
The Release Cycle 3
Build It and They Will Come 4
2. Becoming a Developer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Registering As an iPhone Developer 5
Enrolling in the iPhone Developer Program 7
The Apple Developer Connection 8
Installing the iPhone SDK 8
Preparing Your iPhone or iPod touch 11
Creating a Development Certificate 12
Getting the UDID of Your Development Device 14
Creating an App ID 15
Creating a Mobile Provisioning Profile 16
Making Your Device Available for Development 17
3. Your First iPhone App . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Objective-C Basics 19
Object-Oriented Programming 19
The Objective-C Object Model 21
The Basics of Objective-C Syntax 23
Creating a Project 23
Exploring the Project in Xcode 25
Our Project in Interface Builder 32
Adding Code 34
Connecting the Outlets in Interface Builder 36
Putting the Application on Your iPhone 37
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4. Coding in Objective-C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Declaring and Defining Classes 41
Declaring a Class with the Interface 41
Defining a Class with the Implementation 42
Object Typing 43
Properties 44
Synthesizing Properties 45
The Dot Syntax 45
Declaring Methods 45
Calling Methods 46
Calling Methods on nil 47
Memory Management 47
Creating Objects 47
The Autorelease Pool 48
The alloc, retain, copy, and release Cycle 48
The dealloc Method 50
Responding to Memory Warnings 50
Fundamental iPhone Design Patterns 50
The Model-View-Controller Pattern 51
Views and View Controllers 51
The Delegates and DataSource Pattern 52
Conclusion 53
5. Table-View-Based Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Simplifying the Template Classes 55
Creating a Table View 58
Organizing and Navigating Your Source Code 61
Connecting the Outlets 62
Building a Model 65
Adding Images to Your Projects 71
Connecting the Controller to the Model 73
Mocking Up Functionality with Alert Windows 74
Adding Navigation Controls to the Application 75
Adding a City View 79
Edit Mode 85
Deleting a City Entry 89
Adding a City Entry 90
The “Add New City...” Interface 93
Capturing the City Data 100
6. Other View Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Utility Applications 107
Making the Battery Monitoring Application 108
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Tab Bar Applications 119
Refactoring the Template 120
Adding Another Tab Bar Item 122
Finishing Up 124
Modal View Controllers 125
Modifying the City Guide Application 126
The Image Picker View Controller 133
Adding the Image Picker to the City Guide Application 133
7. Connecting to the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Detecting Network Status 145
Apple’s Reachability Class 145
Embedding a Web Browser in Your App 150
A Simple Web View Controller 150
Displaying Static HTML Files 159
Getting Data Out of a UIWebView 160
Sending Email 161
Getting Data from the Internet 166
Synchronous Requests 166
Asynchronous Requests 167
Using Web Services 168
8. Handling Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Data Entry 191
UITextField and Its Delegate 191
UITextView and Its Delegate 193
Parsing XML 195
Parsing XML with libxml2 196
Parsing XML with NSXMLParser 197
Parsing JSON 199
The Twitter Search Service 201
The Twitter Trends Application 202
Regular Expressions 213
Introduction to Regular Expressions 213
Storing Data 217
Using Flat Files 217
Storing Information in an SQL Database 218
Core Data 224
9. Distributing Your Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Adding Missing Features 225
Adding an Icon 225
Adding a Launch Image 227
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Changing the Display Name 231
Enabling Rotation 232
Building and Signing 233
Ad Hoc Distribution 233
Developer-to-Developer Distribution 240
App Store Distribution 240
Submitting to the App Store 241
The App Store Resource Center 244
Reasons for Rejection 244
10. Using Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Hardware Support 249
Determining Available Hardware Support 249
Setting Required Hardware Capabilities 251
Using the Camera 253
The Core Location Framework 254
Location-Dependent Weather 256
Using the Accelerometer 266
Writing an Accelerometer Application 268
Using the Digital Compass 272
Accessing the Proximity Sensor 274
Using Vibration 275
11. Geolocation and Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
User Location 277
Annotating Maps 285
12. Integrating Your Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Application Preferences 295
Accessing Global Preferences 305
Custom URL Schemes 305
Using Custom Schemes 305
Registering Custom Schemes 306
Media Playback 310
Using the Address Book 314
Interactive People Picking 315
Programmatic People Picking 319
13. Other Native Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
PhoneGap 321
Download and Installation 322
Building a PhoneGap Project 323
MonoTouch 325
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Download and Installation 325
Building a MonoTouch Project 327
14. Going Further . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Cocoa and Objective-C 335
The iPhone SDK 335
Web Applications 336
Core Data 336
Push Notifications 337
In-App Purchase 338
Core Animation 339
Game Kit 339
Writing Games 339
Look and Feel 340
Hardware Accessories 340
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
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Preface
The arrival of the iPhone changed everything. Or, at the very least, it changed the
direction of software development for mobile platforms, which is a pretty big thing. It
spawned an entire generation of copycat devices and shook an entire multibillion-dollar
industry to its knees. Despite this, it still fits in your pocket.
Who Should Read This Book?
This book gives a rapid introduction to programming for the iPhone and iPod touch
for those with some programming experience. If you are developing on the Mac for the
first time, drawn to the platform because of the iPhone, or alternatively you are an
experienced Mac programmer making the transition to the iPhone, this book is for you.
What Should You Already Know?
The book assumes some knowledge of C, or at least passing knowledge of a C-derived
language. Additionally, while I do give a crash course, some familiarity with objectoriented programming concepts would be helpful.
What Will You Learn?
This book will guide you through developing your first application for the iPhone, from
opening Xcode for the first time to submitting your application to the App Store. You’ll
learn about Objective-C and the core frameworks needed to develop for the iPhone by
writing applications that use them, giving you a basic framework for building your own
applications independently.
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What’s in This Book?
Here’s a short summary of the chapters in this book and what you’ll find inside:
Chapter 1, Why Go Native?
This chapter discusses the need for native applications and compares building
native applications to building web applications.
Chapter 2, Becoming a Developer
This chapter walks you through the process of registering as an iPhone developer
and setting up your work environment, from installing Xcode and the iPhone SDK
to generating the developer certificates you’ll need to build your applications and
deploy them onto your own iPhone or iPod touch.
Chapter 3, Your First iPhone App
This chapter allows you to get hands-on as quickly as possible and walks you
through building your first Hello World application, including how to deploy and
run the application on your iPhone or iPod touch.
Chapter 4, Coding in Objective-C
This chapter provides a crash course in the basics of the Objective-C language, and
if you’re familiar with another C-derived language (and perhaps with objectoriented programming), it should be enough to get you up and running with
Objective-C and the Cocoa Touch frameworks.
Chapter 5, Table-View-Based Applications
The UITableView and associated classes are perhaps the most commonly used
classes when building user interfaces for iPhone or iPod touch applications. Due
to the nature of the applications, these classes can be used to solve a large cross
section of problems, and as a result they appear almost everywhere. In this chapter,
we dive fairly deeply into the table view classes.
Chapter 6, Other View Controllers
After discussing the table view controller in detail, we discuss some of the other
view controllers and classes that will become useful when building your applications: simple two-screen views, single-screen tabbed views, modal view controllers,
and a view controller for selecting video and images.
Chapter 7, Connecting to the Network
This chapter discusses connecting to the Internet, browsing the Web, sending
email, and retrieving information.
Chapter 8, Handling Data
This chapter discusses how to handle data input, both from the application user
and programmatically, and how to parse XML and JSON documents. The chapter
also covers storing data in flat files and storing data with the SQLite database
engine.
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Chapter 9, Distributing Your Application
This chapter talks about how to add some final polish to your application and
walks you through the process of building your application for distribution, either
via ad hoc distribution or for the App Store.
Chapter 10, Using Sensors
This chapter discusses how to determine what hardware is available and illustrates
how to deal with the major sensors on the iPhone and iPod touch: the
accelerometer, magnetometer, camera, and GPS.
Chapter 11, Geolocation and Mapping
This chapter walks you through the process of building applications that make use
of the Core Location and MapKit frameworks.
Chapter 12, Integrating Your Application
This chapter shows you some of the tricks to integrate your application with the
iPhone’s software ecosystem, how to present user preferences with Settings Bundles, and how to use custom URL schemes to launch your application. It also
discusses how to make use of the Media Player and Address Book.
Chapter 13, Other Native Platforms
This chapter deals with the PhoneGap and MonoTouch platforms for building
native applications for the iPhone and iPod touch that can be sold on the App Store.
The chapter then walks you through the installation process and building your first
Hello World application for both platforms.
Chapter 14, Going Further
This chapter provides a collection of pointers to more advanced material on the
topics we covered in the book, and material covering some of those topics that we
didn’t manage to talk about in the book.
Conventions Used in This Book
The following typographical conventions are used in this book:
Italic
Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions
Constant width
Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements
such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables,
statements, and keywords
Constant width bold
Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user
Constant width italic
Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values determined by context
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