Tài liệu Justice for Forests Improving Criminal Justice Efforts to Combat Illegal Logging pptx

WORLD BANK STUDY

Justice for Forests

Improving Criminal Justice Efforts

to Combat Illegal Logging

Marilyne Pereira Goncalves

Melissa Panjer

Theodore S. Greenberg

William B. Magrath

© 2012 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / International Development Association or

The World Bank

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Washington DC 20433

Telephone: 202-473-1000

Internet: www.worldbank.org

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World Bank Studies are published to communicate the results of the Bank’s work to the development

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ISBN (paper): 978-0-8213-8978-2

ISBN (electronic): 978-0-8213-8951-5

DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8978-2

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Justice for forests : improving criminal justice efforts to combat illegal logging / Marilyne Pereira

Goncalves ... [et al.].

p. cm. -- (World Bank series ; R67)

ISBN 978-0-8213-8978-2 -- ISBN 978-0-8213-8951-5

1. Logging. 2. Logging--Law and legislation. I. Goncalves, Marilyne Pereira.

HD9750.5.I47 2011

364.1’45--dc23

2011048139

Cover photograph: Getty Images

iii

Contents

Acknowledgments .....................................................................................................................v

Acronyms and Abbreviations.................................................................................................vi

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... vii

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1

Objectives.............................................................................................................................. 3

2. Illegal Logging and the Criminal Justice System: An Overview ................................. 5

2.1. The State of Play .......................................................................................................... 5

2.2. Illegal Logging: A Basic Typology........................................................................... 10

2.3. The Criminal Justice System: Relevant Actors ....................................................... 11

3. Using the Law to Better Combat Forest Crime............................................................... 15

3.1. Targeting the Full Range of Forest-Related Crime ................................................ 15

3.2. Tackling the Financial Dimension............................................................................ 20

3.3. Making Effective Use of Law Enforcement Procedures ....................................... 23

4. Strengthening Stakeholder Engagement in Forest Law Enforcement....................... 26

4.1. Building Political Will................................................................................................ 26

4.2. Improving Domestic Cooperation ........................................................................... 30

4.3. Improving International Cooperation .................................................................... 34

4.4. Mobilizing the Private Sector, NGOs, and the Public........................................... 36

5. Conclusion............................................................................................................................. 39

Bibliography ............................................................................................................................. 41

Boxes

Box 2.1. Typical Failures of Criminal Justice...........................................................................9

Box 2.2. Illegal Logging in Indonesia .....................................................................................10

Box 3.1. Classifying Criminal Conduct..................................................................................19

Box 3.2. Benefits of Using Money Laundering and Confiscation Laws ............................23

Box 4.1. Funding Success .........................................................................................................29

Box 4.2. Failure to Coordinate.................................................................................................30

Box 4.3. Prosecution of Illegal Logging in Virachey National Park, Cambodia ..............31

Box 4.4. Use of Task Forces ......................................................................................................33

Box 4.5. Partnering with NGOs...............................................................................................37

Box 4.6. Maintain the Momentum to Combat Illegal Logging...........................................38

Figure

Figure 3.1. Flow of Illegally Harvested Logs ........................................................................18

v

Acknowledgments

This World Bank study is the result of special collaborative efforts from a team from

the Financial Market Integrity Unit, Financial and Private Sector Development

(FFSFI) and the Sustainable Development Department, East Asia and Pacific Region

(EASSD), and resulted in part from financial support by the Australian Agency for

International Development on linkages between forestry and corruption in Asia and the

Pacific.

This publication was written by Marilyne Pereira Goncalves (Financial Sector Spe￾cialist and Team Leader, World Bank), Melissa Panjer (World Bank), Theodore S. Green￾berg (Senior Financial Sector Specialist, World Bank), and William B. Magrath (Lead

Natural Resource Economist, World Bank) under the general guidance of Jean Pesme

(Manager, World Bank) and Magda Lovei (Sector Manager, World Bank). The team is

grateful for the help and guidance provided by Yves Aeshlimann (Senior Financial Sec￾tor Specialist, World Bank), Jean Pierre Brun (Senior Financial Sector Specialist, World

Bank), and Allison Campbell (World Bank).

The team benefitted from insightful comments and discussion that helped shape the

paper during the peer review process. The peer reviewers were John M. Sellar (Chief,

Enforcement Support, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

of Wild Fauna and Flora, CITES Secretariat), David Higgins (Manager, Environmental

Crime Programme, INTERPOL), Christina Biebesheimer (Chief Counsel, World Bank),

Charles E. Di Leva (Chief Counsel, World Bank), Thomas Columkill Garrity (Public Sec￾tor Specialist, World Bank), and Emile van der Does de Willebois (Senior Financial Sec￾tor Specialist, World Bank).