Tài liệu Handbook of Organizational Behavior pdf

Public Administration and Public Policy/87

Handbook of

Organizational

Behavior

Second Edition, Revised and Expanded

edited by

Robert T. Golembiewski

Handbook of

Organizational

Behavior

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY

A Comprehensive Publication Program

Executive Editor

JACK RABIN

Professor of Public Administration and Public Policy

School of Public Affairs

The Capital College

The Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg

Middletown, Pennsylvania

1. Public Administration as a Developing Discipline (in two parts), Robert T. Golem￾2. Comparative National Policies on Health Care, Milton I. Roemer, M.D.

3. Exclusionary Injustice: The Problem of //legally Obtained Evidence, Steven R. Schles￾4. Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Jay M. Shafritz, Walter

5. Organization Development in Public Administration (in two parts), edited by Robert T.

6. Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective, Second Edition, Revised and Ex￾7. Approaches to Planned Change (in two parts), Robert T. Golembiewski

8. Program Evaluation at HEW (in three parts), edited by James G. Abert

9. The States and the Metropolis, Patricia S. Florestano and Vincent L. Marando

biewski

inger

L. Balk, Albert C. Hyde, and David H. Rosenbloom

Golembiewski and William B. Eddy

panded, Ferrel Heady

10. Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Second Edition,

Revised and Expanded, Jay M. Shafritz, Albert C. Hyde, and David H. Rosenbloom

11. Changing Bureaucracies: Understanding the Organization Before Selecting the Ap￾proach, William A. Medina

12. Handbook on Public Budgeting and Financial Management, edited by Jack Rabin and

Thomas D. Lynch

13. Encyclopedia of Policy Studies, edited by Stuart S. Nagel

14. Public Administration and Law: Bench v. Bureau in the United States, David H. Rosen￾15. Handbook on Public Personnel Administration and Labor Relations, edited by Jack

16. Public Budgeting and Finance: Behavioral, Theoretical, and Technical Perspectives,

17. Organizational Behavior and Public Management, Debra W. Stewart and G. David

18. The Politics of Terrorism: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Michael

19. Handbook of Organization Management, edited by William B. Eddy

20. Organization Theory and Management, edited by Thomas D. Lynch

21. Labor Relations in the Public Sector, Richard C. Kearney

22. Politics and Administration: Woodrow Wilson and American Public Administration,

23. Making and Managing Policy: Formulation, Analysis, Evaluation, edited by G. Ronald

bloom

Rabin, Thomas Vocino, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller

Third Edition, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski and Jack Rabin

Garson

Stohl

edited by Jack Rabin and James S. Bowman

Gilbert

24. Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective, Third Edition, Revised, Ferrel

25. Decision Making in the Public Sector, edited by Lloyd G. Nigro

26. Managing Administration, edited by Jack Rabin, Samuel Humes, and Brian S. Morgan

27. Public Personnel Update, edited by Michael Cohen and Robert T. Golembiewski

28. State and Local Government Administration, edited by Jack Rabin and Don Dodd

29. Public Administration: A Bibliographic Guide to the Literature, Howard E. McCurdy

30. Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Third Edition, Revised

31. Handbook of lnformation Resource Management, edited by Jack Rabin and Edward

32. Public Administration in Developed Democracies: A Comparative Study, edited by

33. The Politics of Terrorism: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Michael

34. Handbook on Human Services Administration, edited by Jack Rabin and Marcia B.

35. Handbook of Public Administration, edited by Jack Rabin, W. Bartley Hildreth, and

36. Ethics for Bureaucrats: An Essay on Law and Values, Second Edition, Revised and

37. The Guide to the Foundations of Public Administration, Daniel W. Martin

38. Handbook of Strategic Management, edited by Jack Rabin, Gerald J. Miller, and W.

39. Terrorism and Emergency Management: Policy and Administration, William L. Waugh,

40. Organizational Behavior and Public Management: Second Edition, Revised and Ex￾41. Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration, edited by Ali

42. Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective, Fourth Edition, Ferrel Heady

43. Government Financial Management Theory, Gerald J. Miller

44. Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Fourth Edition, Revised

and Expanded, Jay M. Shafritz, Norma M. Riccucci, David H. Rosenbloom, and Albert

C. Hyde

Heady

and Expanded, Jay M. Shafritz, Albert C. Hyde, and David H. Rosenbloom

M. Jackowski

Donald C. Rowat

Stohl

Steinhauer

Gerald J. Miller

Expanded, John A. Rohr

Bartley Hildreth

Jr.

panded, Michael L. Vasu, Debra W. Stewart, and G. David Garson

Farazmand

45. Public Productivity Handbook, edited by Marc Holzer

46. Handbook of Public Budgeting, edited by Jack Rabin

47. Labor Relations in the Public Sector: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Richard

48. Handbook of Organizational Consultation, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski

49. Handbook of Court Administration and Management, edited by Steven W. Hays and

50. Handbook of Comparative Public Budgeting and Financial Management, edited by

51. Handbook of Organizational Behavior, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski

52. Handbook ofAdministrative Ethics, edited by Terry L. Cooper

53. Encyclopedia of Policy Studies: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by

54. Handbook of Regulation and Administrative Law, edited by David H. Rosenbloom and

55. Handbook of Bureaucracy, edited by Ali Farazmand

56. Handbook of Public Sector Labor Relations, edited by Jack Rabin, Thomas Vocino,

57. Practical Public Management, Robert T. Golembiewski

58. Handbook of Public Personnel Administration, edited by Jack Rabin, Thomas Vocino,

59. Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective, Fifth Edition, Ferrel Heady

60. Handbook of Debt Management, edited by Gerald J. Miller

C. Keamey

Cole Blease Graham, Jr.

Thomas D. Lynch and Lawrence L. Martin

Stuart S. Nagel

Richard D. Schwartz

W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller

W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller

61. Public Administration and Law: Second Edition, David H. Rosenbloom and Rosemary

62. Handbook of Local Government Administration, edited by John J. Gargan

63. Handbook of Administrative Communication, edited by James L. Garnett and Alex￾64. Public Budgeting and Finance: Fourth Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by

65. Handbook of Public Administration: Second Edition, edited by Jack Rabin, W. Bartley

66. Handbook of Organization Theory and Management: The Philosophical Approach,

67. Handbook of Public Finance, edited by Fred Thompson and Mark T. Green

68. Organizational Behavior and Public Management: Third Edition, Revised and Ex￾panded, Michael L. Vasu, Debra W. Stewart, and G. David Garson

69. Handbook of Economic Development, edited by Kuotsai Tom Liou

70. Handbook of Health Administration and Policy, edited by Anne Osborne Kilpatrick and

71. Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration, edited by Gerald J. Miller

72. Handbook on Taxation, edited by W. Bartley Hildreth and James A. Richardson

73. Handbook of Comparative Public Administration in the Asia-Pacific Basin, edited by

74. Handbook of Global Environmental Policy and Administration, edited by Dennis L.

75. Handbook of State Government Administration, edited by John J. Gargan

76. Handbook of Global Legal Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel

77. Handbook of Public lnformation Systems, edited by G. David Garson

78. Handbook of Global Economic Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel

79. Handbook of Strategic Management: Second Edition, Revised and ,Expanded, edited

80. Handbook of Global lnternational Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel

81. Handbook of Organizational Consultation: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded,

82. Handbook of Global Political Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel

83. Handbook of Global Technology Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel

84. Handbook of Criminal Justice Administration, edited by M. A. DuPont-Morales,

85. Labor Relations in the Public Sector: Third Edition, edited by Richard C. Kearney

86. Handbook of Administrative Ethics: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by

87. Handbook of Organizational Behavior: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited

88. Handbook of Global Social Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel and Amy Robb

O’Leary

ander Kouzmin

Robert T. Golembiewski and Jack Rabin

Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller

edited by Thomas D. Lynch and Todd J. Dicker

James A. Johnson

and Marcia L. Whicker

Hoi-kwok Wong and Hon S. Chan

Soden and Brent S. Steel

by Jack Rabin, Gerald J. Miller, and W. Bartley Hildreth

edited by Robert T. Golembiewski

Michael K. Hooper, and Judy H. Schmidt

Terry L. Cooper

by Robert T. Golembiewski

i

Additional Volumes in Preparation

Handbook of Public Quality Management, edited by Ronald J. Stupak and Peter M.

Leitner

Handbook of Crisis and Emergency Management, edited by Ali Farazmand

Handbook of Public Management Practice and Reform, edited by Kuotsai Tom Liou

Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration: Second Edition,

Revised and Expanded, edited by Ali Farazmand

Principles and Practices of Public Administration [on-line text], edited by Jack Rabin,

Robert Munzenrider, and Sherrie Bartell

Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective, Sixth Edition, Revised and

Expanded, Ferrel Heady

Principles and Practices of Public Administration [on-line text], edited by Jack Rabin,

Robert Munzenrider, and Sherrie Bartell

ANNALS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

1. Public Administration: History and Theory in Contemporary Perspective, edited by

2. Public Administration Education in Transition, edited by Thomas Vocino and Richard

3. Centenary lssues of the Pendleton Act of 1883, edited by David H. Rosenbloom with

4. Intergovernmental Relations in the 198Us, edited by Richard H. Leach

5. Criminal Justice Administration: Linking Practice and Research, edited by William A.

Joseph A. Uveges, Jr.

Heimovics

the assistance of Mark A. Emmett

Jones, Jr.

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

Handbook of

Organizational

Behavior

Second Edition, Revised and Expanded

edited by

Robert T. Golembiewski

The University of Georgia

Athens, Georgia

MARCEL

m MARCEL DEKKER, INC. NEW YORK BASEL

DEKKER

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Handbook of organizational behavior/edited by Robert T. Golembiewski-2nd ed., rev. and expanded.

p. cm.-(Public administration and public policy)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8247-0393-6 (alk. paper)

1. Organizational behavior. I. Golembiewski, Robert T. 11. Series.

HD58.7.H355 2000

302.3’5-dc21

00-060 I 95

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Headquarters

Marcel Dekker, Inc.

270 Madison Avenue. New York, NY 10016

tel: 2 12-696-9000; fax: 2 12-685-4540

Eastern Hemisphere Distribution

Marcel Dekker AG

Hutgasse 4. Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland

tel: 41-61-261-8482: fax: 41-61-261-8896

World Wide Web

http://www.dekker.com

The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write

to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the headquarters address above.

Copyright 0 2001 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. AI1 Rights Reserved.

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic

or mechanical. including photocopying, microfilming. and recording. or by any information storage and

retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Current printing (last digit):

10987654321

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

Preface to the Second Edition

Preparing any book to go into a second edition is much like welcoming home a child now

grown, who left home to find a personalized way of life, has found a measure of success, and

who will soon leave again to face new experiences. The editor, like the parent, is at once de￾lighted, proud of the success, and ready to do almost anything to prepare the returnee for another

tussle with the world.

And so it is, substantially, with the Hurzdbook of 0rgani:ational Behavior. There is in

this editor some satisfaction that one offspring has done well enough, a bit of pride in my share

of helping to prepare the offspring for that first venture into the work. a much bigger sense that

many others were also involved in that preparation, and a deep sense that one should not overly

tinker with the returning offspring.

But there also are major senses in which the second edition of a book is quite unlike the

returning adult child. Basically, there is the opportunity for redesign: to save that which

‘‘worked,’’ to put aside the dated or less useful, and to seek to add value by a reasonably

judicious commission of new pieces.

The second edition, in sum, must deal with aspects of a kind of personality in the first

edition. There are real challenges, defenses, and even costs in tinkering with that original person￾ality, and there exist real limits on how even the less satisfactory developmental features of the

first volume can be improved, without jeopardizing the sense of the original volume. After all,

the first edition had considerable success, which is not risked with impunity.

Fortunately, the metaphor above has its very real limits. The whole enterprise of a second

edition is far less constrained than responding constructively to a child now grown. Indeed,

properly viewed, the effort is liberating, and perhaps even empowering. Basically, doing it again

provides much room for trying to improve the breed.

As it worked out, this second edition differs in marked ways from its predecessor, but it

retains clear elements of the kinship; 24 of the 29 total contributions were newly commissioned

for this edition, and others have been so substantially revised and updated as to warrant a clear

claim for a new identity. At the same time, six of these 28 contributions in the present edition

appear virtually as they were, with such minor modifications as to be near reprints of what

appeared before. They can be considered oldies but goodies.

Moreover, the character of the authorship remains essentially the same as in the 1993

edition, even though many-almost two-thirds-of the authors are new to this edition. The

V

vi Preface to the Second Edition

contributors include some ofthe world’s most senior and well-known scholars, as well as several

relative newcomers and those in between. This is as much by design in this edition as it was

in its predecessor: the “community of scholars” is an ideal toward which I consciously try to

work. and such a community requires (among other features) various ways of assuring an effec￾tive transmission or diffusion of ideas and standards of truth. A population of diverse ages is

one way to provide linkages for such academic communities as that of organizational behavior.

The basic theme of differences within similarities can be extended. Thus. despite a few

failures to arrange for all the desired reflections of the perspective, this second edition is clearly

and more determinedly comparative than its predecesor. This is true of the contributions as a

whole, as well as of emphases within many individual contributions.

“Comparative” has multiple meanings, of course. It can relate to intercultural compari￾sons, those between nation states, or those between individual organizations. At any level, “com￾parative operational analysis” also looms larger here. This refers to the substantial attention to

differences in operational definitions that in the short run may do more to determine mixed or

inconclusive research in findings than the complexity or nonlawfulness of relationships in nature.

In another particular. this second edition is exactly like its predecessor. Sandra Daniel

contributed to the preparation of this edition in major ways-handling the assemblage of often

variegated contributions and dispatching the many details generated by preparing that assem￾blage for the publisher.

Robert T. Golenlbiervski

c

Preface to the First Edition

The Hardbook of Orgnnizatiorzal Behavior finds its place among several competitive and com￾plementary volumes and seeks a distinctive niche. In part, this targeted niche involves an ap￾proach to the field of organization behavior (OB) as a market and thus encourages the search

for ways and means to fully utilize the available supply of good work and trained OB researchers.

A better balance with the supply side will result largely from increasing the demand for standard

OB services and insights. However, this volume also emphasizes areas and themes to which

OB can give added or even relatively novel attention, with value to OBers as well as to users

of their thought and research. The Introduction details this volume’s sense of OB as a market

and identifies numerous contributions to this volume that seek to increase the demand for what

OB can offer.

To a greater extent, however, this handbook will gain its distinctiveness from the covey

of authors whose efforts fill these pages. On perhaps too many occasions, I shared with the

authors my expectations of their work: “Nothing less than the effort to write the best essay of

your lives.” This was said in a playful and even joking manner, for I do not believe that anyone

has great control over what eventuates in a “career best,” or “less than a career average,” for

that matter. Nonetheless. I believe the authors took my whimsicality in deadly earnest and I am

more pleased about that than I can say. The list of contributions contains more than the normal

representation of career bests or excellent performances.

Perhaps more than distinctiveness, another D-word-diversity-dominates in this vol￾ume. That characterization applies to the selections of authors-in their training, present organi￾zational affiliations, and public or business sector of primary concern. Diversity also applies to

the form and manner of development of these contributions. The targeted areas differ in terms

of method and stage of development, as well as their presently perceived relevance to OB as

a field, hence the corresponding range of textures and treatments in this volume.

Paramountly, the handbook seeks diversity in its usefulness. I hope that the volume will

be helpful across the full range of settings within which OB has an established presence, perhaps

opening up new avenues of thought and knowledge. This range encompasses: business schools

and public management; various professions where OB is relevant, such as nursing and educa￾tion; as well as in the traditional fields in which OB finds a more or less secure home-primarily

sociology, industrial and occupational psychology, management. and human resources.

As usual in such editorial efforts, I find myself learning so much from the authors that I

vii

W11 ... Preface to the First Edition

know I can never repay them-either in words or in editorial embellishn1ents"for their gener￾ous giving of themselves. I find myself unsuccessfully seeking augmented ways to share with

the authors the sense of completion and anticipated contributions. Failing that, let me acknowl￾edge my ineluctably symbiotic role in the enterprise-that of vetting the information and insight

that the authors will bring to many readers. This vetting also probably had more potential for

complicating the lives of the authors than for enhancing their contributions.

Special thanks go to two people, who in different ways facilitated the production of this

volume: Sandra Daniel handled the many typing and clerical issues, and Robin Fayman provided

useful and appreciated services l'rom the publishing side.

Robert T. Golembien..ski

b