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Handbo o k o f
Comparative
World Steel Standards
Thir d Edit ion
John E. Br ingas, Edit or
DS67B
ASTM AFNOR API BSI CEN CSA DIN ISO JIS SAE
Handbook of Comparative
World Steel Standards
ASTM DS67B
Third Edition
John E. Bringas, Editor
ii
Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Handbook of comparative world steel standards / John E. Bringas, editor. – 2nd ed.
p.cm – (ASTM data series; DS 67A)
“ASTM stock number: DS67A.”
ISBN 0-8031-3042-2
1. Steel — Standards —Handbooks, manuals, etc., 2. Steel alloys — Standards — Handbooks,
manuals, etc. I. Bringas, John E., 1953- II. ASTM data series publication; DS 67A.
TA472.H25 2002
620.1’7’0218—dc21 2001045950
CIP
Copyright 2004 ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. All rights reserved. This material may not be
reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical electronic, film, or other distribution and
storage media, without the written consent of the publisher.
Photocopy Rights
Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use, or the
internal personal, or education classroom use of specific clients, is granted by the American Society
for Testing and Materials (ASTM International) provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the
Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923; Tel: 978-750-8400; online:
http://www.copyright.com/.
Printed in USA
August 2004
iii
Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
Acknowledgements
The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Michael Ling, P.Eng. and Denise Lamy,
P.Eng., who were the Assistant Editors of the second (DS67A) and third (DS67B) editions of this
handbook. They worked many long hours, weekends, and holidays to researching hundreds of
standards and double-checking thousands of pieces of data. Their work in compiling the heat
treatment terms for each standard and researching the new EN piping and tubing standards was of
particular importance. They were also my main sounding boards when difficult technical decisions
had to be made.
There were also several ASTM committee members contacted for their input during the progress of
this handbook, including Ralph Davison, Frank Christensen, David Knupp, and John Mahaney.
They added valuable insights into the history and technical aspects of the ASTM standards data
found in this handbook. The ASTM publishing staff—including Kathy Dernoga, Roberta Storer and
Margie Lawlor—was most supportive of my requests to obtain access to the hundreds of standards
needed to write this book and assistance with editing. I appreciate their patience and confidence in
me to complete the work. Thank you all.
The author also acknowledges the dedicated assistance of Steven Li and Nina Phan who assisted in
the research and entered much of the data in the book with care and diligence. A special thank you
to Christine Doyle who entered data almost endlessly into the late hours of the night for the second
edition (DS67A), and to Debbie Knack–who kept the office running smoothly during the production
of this handbook.
A special thanks is extended to IHS Engineering Products for use of their Engineering Resource
Center (ERC).
One person could not have produced this handbook and the accompanying e-book. It took a dedicated
team of professionals. These acknowledgments cannot adequately express the author’s sincere
appreciation and gratitude for everyone’s assistance. Without it, this book would never have been
completed.
v
Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
Preface
This is the book I never wanted to write, but always wanted to own. As a metallurgical engineer and
long time user of steel standards, author of the four CASTI Metals Data Books, and member of
ASTM A01 and B02 standard committees, I knew all too well the many pitfalls and challenges of
writing such a handbook. There were many steel standards from around the world that were new to
me, which created far too many surprises and delays in completing this book.
Comparing steel standards is not an exact science, so the biggest challenge of preparing such a book
was deciding on the "rules of comparison." Of the similar books on the market today, none explain in
detail why one steel is comparable to another. They simply appear together in a list of steels. I kept a
daily diary to help construct a workable set of comparison rules that I could share with other users to
assist them in understanding how and why one steel is comparable to another.
To say the least, these rules changed from chapter to chapter while the book was being written. It
wasn't until the last chapter and appendix were completed that I was able to finalize the rules of
comparison. In the end, a complete review of the book was performed resulting in the reorganization
of some chapters and the fine-tuning of others. There were too many occasions when I thought the
book was finished, only to have to change, add, or delete a rule which made yet another review of the
book necessary.
After more than two years of researching steel standards and gathering data from around the world
for the 2nd and 3rd editions of this handbook, then developing a comparison order to more than
100,000 pieces of data, this handbook is an ongoing and expanding project. The addition of a fully
searchable e-book on CD-ROM makes this product even more valuable, since trying to find one piece
of data in more than 100,000 is not an easy task. The e-book makes searching for a comparable steel
a quick and easy process. In some cases, the user may find out that the steel is non-comparable.
I hope you enjoy using this handbook as much as I will. Tie a chain to it and anchor it to your desk,
because once others see it, they'll want to use your copy. I am interested in your comments and
suggestions to improve this handbook, so I encourage you to send your feedback directly to ASTM.
John E. Bringas, P.Eng.
vi
Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
Getting Started With This Book
Comparing steel standards is not an exact science and there is no foolproof method. When you begin
to use this book, you'll quickly discover that there is no such thing as "equivalent" steel standards.
Then, consider the fact that not all steels have comparative counterparts and you'll begin to
understand the methodology used in this book. Before proceeding directly to the contents of this
book, it is strongly recommended that you read Chapter 1, which includes a detailed explanation of
the "rules of comparison" used in this book.
Since there was insufficient space on one page to place both the chemical composition and
mechanical properties tables, they were split into two separate tables. To assist the user in keeping
track of which comparison criteria were used for a given steel, each table within a chapter was
sequentially numbered and appended with either the letter A or B. Table numbers ending in the
letter A designate that the table was the main criterion used for comparison; whereas table numbers
ending with the letter B were "mirrored" from the A table.
Each group of steel data in the tables is separated by two types of horizontal lines: black and grey.
Black lines separate groups of steels that are more closely comparable to each other, whereas grey
lines separate steel data within a comparative group.
Caution: do not confuse the thinner dividing black line within a table, with the thicker black line
that borders the outside of the table. The pages are formatted to keep comparative groups together
as much as possible. However, when a group of comparative steels extends to more than one page, a
note is place at the bottom of the page to indicate that the comparative group continues on the
following page, i.e., NOTE: This section continues on the next page.
vii
Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
Getting Started With This CD-ROM
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ix
Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
Table of Contents
1. Introduction to Comparing World Steel Standards ............................................................................ 1
Myth and Methodology When Comparing Steel Standards..................................................................... 1
Comparative and Closest Match.............................................................................................................. 2
Organization ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Definition and Steel Terms....................................................................................................................... 5
Cautionary Note ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Questions Regarding the Rules of Comparison....................................................................................... 8
Non-Comparable Steels........................................................................................................................... 8
Criteria for Comparing Steels................................................................................................................... 8
List of Comparison Rules ....................................................................................................................... 10
Brief Introduction to Steel Standards and Designation Systems ........................................................... 12
ASTM Designation System .................................................................................................................... 12
ASTM Reference Standards and Supplementary Requirements .......................................................... 13
SAE Designation System and Discontinued AISI Designation System ................................................. 14
Carbon and Alloy Steels................................................................................................................. 14
UNS Designation System....................................................................................................................... 15
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) ................................................................................................ 16
Introduction to European Standard Steel Designation System.............................................................. 17
EN 10027 Standard Designation System for Steels .............................................................................. 18
Steel Names................................................................................................................................... 18
Steel Numbers ............................................................................................................................... 18
Former National Standards Replaced by CEN Standards..................................................................... 19
2. Carbon and Alloy Steels for General Use.......................................................................................... 21
2.1 Chemical Composition of Carbon Steels for General Use............................................................. 23
2.2 Chemical Composition of High Manganese Carbon Steels for General Use ................................ 34
2.3 Chemical Composition of Alloy Steels for General Use................................................................. 35
2.3.1 Chromium (Cr) Steels ....................................................................................................... 35
2.3.2 Chromium-Molybdenum (Cr-Mo) Steels ........................................................................... 37
2.3.3 Chromium-Nickel (Cr-Ni) Steels........................................................................................ 38
2.3.4 Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) Steels ........................................................... 39
2.3.5 Chromium-Molybdenum-Aluminum (Cr-Mo-Al) Steels ..................................................... 40
2.3.6 Boron (B) Steels................................................................................................................ 41
2.3.7 Chromium-Vanadium (Cr-V) Steels .................................................................................. 42
2.4 Non-Comparable Carbon and Alloy Steels for General Use ......................................................... 43
3. Structural Steel Plates ......................................................................................................................... 47
3.1 Carbon Steels for Structural Steel Plates ...................................................................................... 50
3.1A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steels for Structural Steel Plates ................................ 50
3.1B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steels for Structural Steel Plates ................................ 66
3.2 Alloy Steels for Structural Steel Plates .......................................................................................... 72
3.2.1A Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates...................... 73
3.2.1B Chemical Composition of High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates ..................... 75
3.2.2A Mechanical Properties of Alloy Steels for Structural Steel Plates .................................... 79
3.2.2B Chemical Composition of Alloy Steels for Structural Steel Plates .................................... 84
3.3 Structural Steels with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion-Resistance ............................................ 88
3.3A Mechanical Properties of Structural Steels with Improved Atmospheric
Corrosion-Resistance........................................................................................................ 88
3.3B Chemical Composition of Structural Steels with Improved Atmospheric
Corrosion-Resistance........................................................................................................ 94
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Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
3.4 Non-Comparable Carbon Steels for Structural Steel Plates.......................................................... 97
3.5 Non-Comparable Alloy Steels for Structural Steel Plates.............................................................. 98
4. Pressure Vessel Steel Plates .............................................................................................................. 99
4.1 Carbon Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates................................................................................... 103
4.1A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Pressure Vessel Plates.................................... 103
4.1B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Pressure Vessel Plates ................................... 109
4.2 Carbon Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates - With Impact Testing Below -20°C .......................... 113
4.2A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates -
With Impact Testing Below -20°C ................................................................................... 113
4.2B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates -
With Impact Testing Below -20°C ................................................................................... 115
4.3 ½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates.............................................................................. 117
4.3A Chemical Composition of ½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ....................... 117
4.3B Mechanical Properties of ½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates........................ 119
4.4 Cr-Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates............................................................................ 121
4.4.1A Chemical Composition of ¾Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ............... 121
4.4.1B Mechanical Properties of ¾Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel for Pressure Vessel Plates.................. 121
4.4.2A Chemical Composition of 1Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................ 122
4.4.2B Mechanical Properties of 1Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates................. 122
4.4.3A Chemical Composition of 1¼Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ............. 123
4.4.3B Mechanical Properties of 1¼Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates.............. 123
4.4.4A Chemical Composition of 2¼Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .............. 124
4.4.4B Mechanical Properties of 2¼Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates............... 125
4.4.5A Chemical Composition of 3Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................. 126
4.4.5B Mechanical Properties of 3Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates.................. 126
4.4.6A Chemical Composition of 5Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................ 127
4.4.6B Mechanical Properties of 5Cr-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates................. 127
4.4.7A Chemical Composition of 9Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................. 128
4.4.7B Mechanical Properties of 9Cr-1Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates.................. 128
4.5 Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .................................................................................. 129
4.5.1A Chemical Composition of ½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ......................... 129
4.5.1B Mechanical Properties of ½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ......................... 129
4.5.2A Chemical Composition of 1½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates....................... 130
4.5.2B Mechanical Properties of 1½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ....................... 130
4.5.3A Chemical Composition of 2¼Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates....................... 131
4.5.3B Mechanical Properties of 2¼Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ....................... 131
4.5.4A Chemical Composition of 3½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates....................... 132
4.5.4B Mechanical Properties of 3½Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ....................... 133
4.5.5A Chemical Composition of 5Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .......................... 134
4.5.5B Mechanical Properties of 5Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .......................... 134
4.5.6A Chemical Composition of 9Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .......................... 135
4.5.6B Mechanical Properties of 9Ni Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .......................... 136
4.6 Ni-Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ............................................................................ 137
4.6.1A Chemical Composition of ½Ni-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates................ 137
4.6.1B Mechanical Properties of ½Ni-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................ 138
4.6.2A Chemical Composition of ¾Ni-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates................ 139
4.6.2B Mechanical Properties of ¾Ni-½Mo Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................ 140
4.7 Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates .......................................... 141
4.7A Chemical Composition of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels for
Pressure Vessel Plates................................................................................................... 141
4.7B Mechanical Properties of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels for
Pressure Vessel Plates................................................................................................... 142
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Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
4.8 Austenitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ............................................................... 143
4.8A Chemical Composition of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates......... 143
4.8B Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ......... 146
4.9 Duplex Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates.................................................................... 151
4.9A Chemical Composition of Duplex (Ferritic-Austenitic) Stainless Steels for
Pressure Vessel Plates................................................................................................... 151
4.9B Mechanical Properties of Duplex (Ferritic-Austenitic) Stainless Steels for
Pressure Vessel Plates................................................................................................... 152
4.10 Non-Comparable Carbon and Alloy Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ...................................... 153
4.11 Non-Comparable Stainless Steels for Pressure Vessel Plates ................................................... 156
5. Steel Tubes and Pipes ....................................................................................................................... 157
5.1 Carbon Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications...................................................... 165
5.1A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Tubes for General and
Structural Applications .................................................................................................... 165
5.1B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Tubes for General and
Structural Applications .................................................................................................... 176
5.2 Alloy Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications.......................................................... 185
5.2A Chemical Composition of Alloy Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications.... 185
5.2B Mechanical Properties of Alloy Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications .... 186
5.3 Stainless Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications ................................................... 188
5.3.1A Chemical Composition of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubes for
General and Structural Applications ............................................................................... 188
5.3.1B Mechanical Properties of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubes for
General and Structural Applications ............................................................................... 189
5.3.2A Chemical Composition of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubes for
General and Structural Applications ............................................................................... 190
5.3.2B Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubes for
General and Structural Applications ............................................................................... 193
5.4 Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for Low-Temperature Service .................................................... 196
5.4A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes -
With Impact Testing Below -20°C ................................................................................... 196
5.4B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes -
With Impact Testing Below -20°C ................................................................................... 198
5.5 Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for Low-Temperature Service ........................................................ 199
5.5A Chemical Composition of Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for Low-Temperature Service.. 199
5.5B Mechanical Properties of Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for Low-Temperature Service .. 200
5.6 Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes............................................................... 202
5.6A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes ......... 202
5.6B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes......... 204
5.7 Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures........................... 206
5.7A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 206
5.7B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 210
5.8 Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures............................... 213
5.8.1A Chemical Composition of ¼Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 213
5.8.1B Mechanical Properties of ¼Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 213
5.8.2A Chemical Composition of ½Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 214
5.8.2B Mechanical Properties of ½Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 215
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Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
5.8.3A Chemical Composition of ½Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 216
5.8.3B Mechanical Properties of ½Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 216
5.8.4A Chemical Composition of 1Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 217
5.8.4B Mechanical Properties of 1Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 218
5.8.5A Chemical Composition of 1¼Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 219
5.8.5B Mechanical Properties of 1¼Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 219
5.8.6A Chemical Composition of 2¼-1Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 220
5.8.6B Mechanical Properties of 2¼-1Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 220
5.8.7A Chemical Composition of 5Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 221
5.8.7B Mechanical Properties of 5Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 221
5.8.8A Chemical Composition of 9Cr-1Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 222
5.8.8B Mechanical Properties of 9Cr-1Mo Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures ..................................................................... 222
5.9 Stainless Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes and High Temperatures ..................... 223
5.9.1A Chemical Composition of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel
Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes and High Temperatures ................................. 223
5.9.1B Mechanical Properties of of Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel
Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes and High Temperatures ................................. 224
5.9.2A Chemical Composition of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes and High Temperatures .................................................................. 225
5.9.2B Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubes and Pipes for
Pressure Purposes and High Temperatures .................................................................. 234
5.10 Line Pipe Steels ........................................................................................................................... 246
5.10.1A Mechanical Properties of Line Pipe Steels Without Notch Toughness Requirements ... 246
5.10.1B Chemical Composition of Line Pipe Steels Without Notch Toughness Requirements... 247
5.10.2A Mechanical Properties of Line Pipe Steels With Notch Toughness Requirements ........ 250
5.10.2B Chemical Composition of Line Pipe Steels With Notch Toughness Requirements........ 253
5.11 Non-Comparable Carbon Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications ......................... 257
5.12 Non-Comparable Alloy Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications ............................. 258
5.13 Non-Comparable Stainless Steel Tubes for General and Structural Applications ...................... 259
5.14 Non-Comparable Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for Low Temperature Service........................ 259
5.15 Non-Comparable Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for Low Temperature Service............................ 260
5.16 Non-Comparable Carbon Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes at
High Temperatures ...................................................................................................................... 260
5.17 Non-Comparable Alloy Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes at High Temperatures .. 261
5.18 Non-Comparable Stainless Steel Tubes and Pipes for Pressure Purposes and
High Temperatures ...................................................................................................................... 262
5.19 Non-Comparable Line Pipe Steels............................................................................................... 263
6. Steel Forgings ..................................................................................................................................... 265
6.1 Carbon Steel Forgings ................................................................................................................. 268
6.1.1A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Forgings for General Use................................. 268
6.1.1B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Forgings for General Use ................................ 271
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Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards
6.1.2A Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping, Pressure Vessel
and Components............................................................................................................. 272
6.1.2B Chemical Composition of Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping, Pressure Vessel
and Components............................................................................................................. 275
6.2 Alloy Steel Forgings ..................................................................................................................... 277
6.2.1A Chemical Composition of 1¼Cr-¼Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for General Use ................. 277
6.2.1B Mechanical Properties of 1¼Cr-¼Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for General Use.................. 278
6.2.2 Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping, Pressure Vessel and Components............................... 279
6.2.2.1A Chemical Composition of Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 279
6.2.2.1B Mechanical Properties of Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 279
6.2.2.2A Chemical Composition of ½Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 280
6.2.2.2B Mechanical Properties of ½Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 280
6.2.2.3A Chemical Composition of 1Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 281
6.2.2.3B Mechanical Properties 1Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 281
6.2.2.4A Chemical Composition of 1¼Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 282
6.2.2.4B Mechanical Properties 1¼Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 282
6.2.2.5A Chemical Composition of 2¼Cr-1Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 283
6.2.2.5B Mechanical Properties of 2¼Cr-1Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 284
6.2.2.6A Chemical Composition of 3Cr-1Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 285
6.2.2.6B Mechanical Properties of 3Cr-1Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 285
6.2.2.7A Chemical Composition of 5Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 286
6.2.2.7B Mechanical Properties of 5Cr-½Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 286
6.2.2.8A Chemical Composition of 9Cr-1Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 287
6.2.2.8B Mechanical Properties of 9Cr-1Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 287
6.2.2.9A Chemical Composition of 11Cr-½Ni-1Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 288
6.2.2.9B Mechanical Properties of 11Cr-½Ni-1Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components................................................................... 288
6.2.2.10A Chemical Composition of Ni Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components ................................................................. 289
6.2.2.10B Mechanical Properties of Ni Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components ................................................................. 290
6.2.2.11A Chemical Composition of Ni-Mn Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components ................................................................. 291
6.2.2.11B Mechanical Properties of Ni-Mn Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components ................................................................. 291
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6.2.2.12A Chemical Composition of C\vNi-½Cr-Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components ................................................................. 292
6.2.2.12B Mechanical Properties of C\vNi-½Cr-Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components ................................................................. 292
6.2.2.13A Chemical Composition of C\vNi-½Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components ................................................................. 293
6.2.2.13B Mechanical Properties of C\vNi-½Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components ................................................................. 293
6.2.2.14A Chemical Composition 3¼Ni-1C\vCr-½Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components ................................................................. 294
6.2.2.14B Mechanical Properties 3¼Ni-1C\vCr-½Mo Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping,
Pressure Vessel and Components ................................................................. 294
6.3 Stainless Steel Forgings .............................................................................................................. 295
6.3.1A Chemical Composition of Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings ..................................... 295
6.3.1B Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel Forgings...................................... 296
6.3.2A Chemical Composition of Ferritic Stainless Steel Forgings............................................ 297
6.3.2B Mechanical Properties of Ferritic Stainless Steel Forgings ............................................ 297
6.3.3A Chemical Composition of Austenitic Stainless Steel Forgings ....................................... 298
6.3.3B Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Forgings........................................ 302
6.3.4A Chemical Composition of Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel Forgings ................. 307
6.3.4B Mechanical Properties of Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel Forgings.................. 308
6.3.5A Chemical Composition of Duplex (Ferritic-Austenitic) Stainless Steel Forgings ............ 309
6.3.5B Mechanical Properties of Duplex (Ferritic-Austenitic) Stainless Steel Forgings............. 310
6.4 Non-Comparable Carbon Steel Forgings for General Use.......................................................... 311
6.5 Non-Comparable Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping, Pressure Vessel and Components ........... 311
6.6 Non-Comparable Alloy Steel Forgings for General Use .............................................................. 311
6.7 Non-Comparable Alloy Steel Forgings for Piping, Pressure Vessel and Components ............... 312
6.8 Non-Comparable Stainless Steel Forgings.................................................................................. 313
7. Steel Castings..................................................................................................................................... 315
7.1 Cast Carbon Steels...................................................................................................................... 319
7.1.1A Mechanical Properties of Cast Carbon Steel for General and Structural Applications... 319
7.1.1B Chemical Composition of Cast Carbon Steel for General and Structural Applications .. 323
7.1.2A Mechanical Properties of Cast Carbon Steel for Pressure Purposes at
High Temperatures ......................................................................................................... 326
7.1.2B Chemical Composition of Cast Carbon Steel for Pressure Purposes at
High Temperatures ......................................................................................................... 326
7.1.3A Mechanical Properties of Cast Carbon Steel for Pressure Purposes at
Low Temperatures .......................................................................................................... 327
7.1.3B Chemical Composition of Cast Carbon Steel for Pressure Purposes at
Low Temperatures .......................................................................................................... 327
7.2 Cast Manganese Steels............................................................................................................... 328
7.2A Chemical Composition of Cast Manganese Steels......................................................... 328
7.2B Mechanical Properties of Cast Manganese Steels ......................................................... 329
7.3 Cast Alloy Steels .......................................................................................................................... 330
7.3.1A Chemical Composition of Cast Alloy Steels for General and Structural Purposes......... 330
7.3.1B Mechanical Properties of Cast Alloy Steels for General and Structural Purposes ......... 331
7.3.2A Chemical Composition of Cast Alloy Steels for Pressure Purposes at
High Temperatures ......................................................................................................... 335
7.3.2B Mechanical Properties of Cast Alloy Steels for Pressure Purposes at
High Temperatures ......................................................................................................... 336
7.3.3A Chemical composition of Cast Alloy Steels for Pressure Purposes at
Low Temperatures .......................................................................................................... 337
7.3.3B Mechanical Properties of Cast Alloy Steels for Pressure Purposes at
Low Temperatures .......................................................................................................... 338
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7.4 Cast Stainless Steels ................................................................................................................... 339
7.4.1 Cast Stainless Steels for General and Corrosion Resistant Applications....................... 339
7.4.1.1A Chemical Composition of Martensitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels for
General and Corrosion Resistant Applications ................................................ 339
7.4.1.1B Mechanical Properties of Martensitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels for
General and Corrosion Resistant Applications ................................................ 340
7.4.1.2A Chemical Composition of Austenitic Stainless Steels for General and
Corrosion Resistant Applications ..................................................................... 341
7.4.1.2B Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels for General and
Corrosion Resistant Applications ..................................................................... 344
7.4.2 Cast Stainless Steels for Pressure Purposes ................................................................. 347
7.4.2.1A Chemical Composition of Martensitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels for
Pressure Purposes........................................................................................... 347
7.4.2.1B Mechanical Properties of Martensitic and Ferritic Stainless Steels for
Pressure Purposes........................................................................................... 348
7.4.2.2A Chemical Composition of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Purposes. 349
7.4.2.2B Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels for Pressure Purposes . 350
7.5 Cast Heat Resistant Steels .......................................................................................................... 351
7.5A Chemical Composition of Cast Heat Resistant Steels.................................................... 351
7.5B Mechanical Properties of Cast Heat Resistant Steels .................................................... 355
7.6 Non-Comparable Cast Carbon Steels ......................................................................................... 359
7.7 Non-Comparable Cast Manganese Steels .................................................................................. 360
7.8 Non-Comparable Cast Alloy Steels ............................................................................................. 360
7.9 Non-Comparable Cast Stainless Steels for General and Corrosion Resistant Applications ....... 361
7.10 Non-Comparable Cast Stainless Steels for Pressure Purposes.................................................. 361
7.11 Non-Comparable Cast Heat Resistant Steels.............................................................................. 362
8. Wrought Stainless Steels .................................................................................................................. 363
8.1 Stainless Steels: Plate, Sheet and Strip ...................................................................................... 366
8.1.1A Chemical Composition of Martensitic Stainless Steels................................................... 366
8.1.1B Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steels ................................................... 367
8.1.2A Chemical Composition of Ferritic Stainless Steels ......................................................... 368
8.1.2B Mechanical Properties of Ferritic Stainless Steels.......................................................... 370
8.1.3A Chemical Composition of Austenitic Stainless Steels..................................................... 372
8.1.3B Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels..................................................... 377
8.1.4A Chemical Composition of Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels .............................. 387
8.1.4B Mechanical Properties of Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels............................... 388
8.1.5A Chemical Composition of Duplex (Ferritic-Austenitic) Stainless Steels.......................... 392
8.1.5B Mechanical Properties of Duplex (Ferritic-Austenitic) Stainless Steels .......................... 393
8.2 Stainless Steels: Bar.................................................................................................................... 394
8.2.1A Chemical Composition of Martensitic Stainless Steels................................................... 394
8.2.1B Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steels ................................................... 396
8.2.2A Chemical Composition of Ferritic Stainless Steels ......................................................... 398
8.2.2B Mechanical Properties of Ferritic Stainless Steels.......................................................... 399
8.2.3A Chemical Composition of Austenitic Stainless Steels..................................................... 400
8.2.3B Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels..................................................... 403
8.2.4A Chemical Composition of Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels .............................. 409
8.2.4B Mechanical Properties of Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels............................... 410
8.2.5A Chemical Composition of Duplex Stainless Steels ........................................................ 412
8.2.5B Mechanical Properties of Duplex Stainless Steels ......................................................... 412
8.3 Non-Comparable Stainless Steel Standards: Plate, Sheet and Strip .......................................... 413
8.4 Non-Comparable Stainless Steel Standards: Bar........................................................................ 415
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9. Steels for Special Use........................................................................................................................ 417
9.1 Free-Machining Steels ................................................................................................................. 420
9.1.1 Chemical Composition of Resulfurized Carbon Steels for
Free-Machining Applications........................................................................................... 420
9.1.2 Chemical Composition of Rephosphorized and Resulfurized Carbon Steels for
Free-Machining Applications........................................................................................... 422
9.1.3 Chemical Composition of Resulfurized and Leaded Carbon Steels for
Free-Machining Applications........................................................................................... 423
9.1.4 Chemical Composition of Rephosphorized, Resulfurized, and
Leaded Carbon Steels for Free-Machining Applications ................................................ 424
9.1.5 Chemical Composition of Free-Machining Stainless Steels ........................................... 424
9.2 Spring Steels................................................................................................................................ 425
9.2.1 Chemical Composition of Cold Rolled Carbon Spring Steels......................................... 426
9.2.2 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Alloy Spring Steels............................................... 427
9.2.2.1 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Si Alloy Spring Steels............................ 427
9.2.2.2 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Cr Alloy Spring Steels ........................... 427
9.2.2.3 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Cr-Si Alloy Spring Steels....................... 427
9.2.2.4 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Cr-Mo Alloy Spring Steels..................... 428
9.2.2.5 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Cr-V Alloy Spring Steels........................ 428
9.2.2.6 Chemical Composition of Hot Rolled Cr-B Alloy Spring Steels........................ 428
9.2.3 Chemical Composition of Stainless Spring Steels.......................................................... 429
9.3 Tool Steels ................................................................................................................................... 430
9.3.1 Chemical Composition of Carbon Tool Steels ................................................................ 430
9.3.2 Chemical Composition of High-Speed Tool Steels......................................................... 431
9.3.2.1 Chemical Composition of Tungsten Type High Speed Tool Steels ................. 431
9.3.2.2 Chemical Composition of Molybdenum Type High Speed Tool Steels ........... 432
9.3.3 Chemical Composition of Cold Work Tool Steels ........................................................... 433
9.3.4 Chemical Composition of Hot Work Tool Steels............................................................. 434
9.3.5 Chemical Composition of Special Purpose Tool Steels.................................................. 434
9.4 Bearing Steels.............................................................................................................................. 435
9.4.1 Chemical Composition of Bearing Steels........................................................................ 435
9.5 Non-Comparable Free-Machining Steels..................................................................................... 436
9.6 Non-Comparable Spring Steels ................................................................................................... 437
9.7 Non-Comparable Tool Steels....................................................................................................... 438
9.8 Non-Comparable Bearing Steels ................................................................................................. 439
Appendix 1 - ASTM Ferrous Metal Standards...................................................................................... 441
Appendix 2 - ASTM Discontinued Ferrous Metal Standards .............................................................. 457
Appendix 3 - JIS Steel and Related Standards .................................................................................... 469
Appendix 4 - JIS Discontinued Steel and Related Standards ............................................................ 475
Appendix 5 - CEN Current Steel Standards.......................................................................................... 479
Appendix 6 - CEN Standards with Superseded Former National Standards.................................... 485
Appendix 7 - Former National Standards Superseded by CEN Standards....................................... 503
Appendix 8 - ISO Iron and Steel Product Standards ........................................................................... 523
Appendix 9 - ASTM A 941-03 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel,
Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys...................................................................................... 531