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ECTS Users’ Guide

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Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2009

ISBN: 978-92-79-09728-7

doi: 10.2766/88064

© European Communities, 2009

Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

Printed in Belgium

Printed on white chlorine-free paper

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ECTS Users’ Guide

Brussels, 6 February 2009

ECTS Users’ Guide

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Contents

Introduction .................................................................................................. 7

1. ECTS and the European Higher Education Area (Bologna Process)................. 9

2. ECTS key features ..................................................................................... 11

3. ECTS key features explained......................................................................13

3.1. ECTS as a learner-centred credit system ....................................................................................13

3.2. ECTS and learning outcomes ....................................................................................................13

3.3. ECTS, levels and level descriptors............................................................................................. 15

3.4. ECTS credits and workload.......................................................................................................16

4. Implementing ECTS in higher education institutions .................................. 17

4.1. ECTS credit allocation .............................................................................................................. 17

4.2. Awarding ECTS credits ............................................................................................................ 20

4.3. ECTS credit accumulation and progression................................................................................21

4.4. Credit transfer in ECTS ............................................................................................................21

4.5. ECTS and lifelong learning ...................................................................................................... 23

5. Quality assurance and ECTS ..................................................................... 25

6. ECTS key documents ................................................................................ 27

6.1. Course Catalogue.................................................................................................................... 27

6.2. Student Application Form ....................................................................................................... 28

6.3. Learning Agreement ............................................................................................................... 29

6.4. Transcript of Records .............................................................................................................. 30

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Contents

7. References for further reading....................................................................31

7.1. Credit and qualifications systems .............................................................................................31

7.2. Curriculum design................................................................................................................... 32

7.3. Learning outcomes .................................................................................................................. 32

7.4. National publications .............................................................................................................. 33

8. Glossary ................................................................................................. 35

Annex 1 Learners’ perspective in using ECTS..................................................37

Annex 2 Suggestions for institutions on recognition of

periods of study abroad in the framework of bilateral agreements................. 39

Annex 3 ECTS Grading Table ..........................................................................41

Annex 4 Key documents ............................................................................... 45

Annex 5 Overview of national regulations on the number

of learning hours per academic year ............................................................. 59

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