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Tài liệu Committee on Foreign and Emerging Diseases of the United States Animal Health Association
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FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES
REVISED 2008
SEVENTH EDITION
Committee on Foreign and Emerging Diseases
of the
United States Animal Health Association
USAHA
PO Box 8805
St. Joseph, MO 64508
Phone: 816-671-1144
Fax: 816-671-1201
email: [email protected]
Internet site: www.usaha.org
Copyright © 2008
by
United States Animal Health Association
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Library of Congress Catalogue Number 2008900990
ISBN 978-0-9659583-4-9
Boca Publications Group, Inc.
2650 N. Military Trail, 240-SZG
Boca Raton, FL 33431
Printed in Canada
3
PREFACE
Educating the veterinary profession about Foreign Animal Diseases has been a
long tradition of the U. S. Animal Health Association. The first “Gray Book”
edition was published more than half a century ago in 1953, with subsequent
editions in 1964, 1975, 1984, 1992 and in 1998.
Traditionally, the task of the reviewing and updating this book, still familiarly
known as the “Gray Book” (despite the white cover of recent editions) falls to the
Chair and Co-Chair of the USAHA’s Foreign and Emerging Disease Committee.
We are thus indebted to the U.S. Animal Health Association for the opportunity
to assemble this, the 7th edition of Foreign Animal Diseases.
There have been vast changes in the world since the last edition was published in
1998. At that time, the World Trade Organization was just three years old and
only beginning the tremendous facilitation of international trade that we see
today. The last edition was published before Nipah virus in Malaysia, before the
massive foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in the United Kingdom, before the
advent of the term “agroterror”, before SARS had infected any humans, and prior
to the possibility of highly pathogenic avian influenza as a human pandemic.
Indeed, with so many new pathogens as well as old pathogens surfacing in new
and unexpected places, the term “foreign animal disease” is becoming less
relevant, even as the threat of foreign animal disease incursions becomes more
relevant.
We have utmost respect for and gratitude to the authors of the chapters. Their
contributions were timely, articulate, and accurate. This book is rightfully theirs
and we are merely organizers and purveyors of their information. We owe
special thanks to Visual Information Services at the Plum Island Animal Disease
Center, whose staff supplied most of the new photographs in Part IV. In
addition, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Professional
Development Staff (PDS), was very generous in allowing us to borrow Dr. Jason
Baldwin, who served as an infallible and incredibly diligent copy and content
editor. PDS also supplied the funding for the final formatting of the book,
including the new cover design.
We also acknowledge our host institutions, the Colleges of Veterinary Medicine
at the University of Georgia and Cornell University, for allowing us the time to
devote to the editing and assembling of this book. We were each generously
4
given the opportunities to apply our efforts, without any expectations of
compensation. Fortunately, the leaders of our respective institutions understand
the importance and impact that this volume has on preparing our animal health
professionals.
Lastly, we wish to recognize the long-term efforts of Dr. Charles Mebus, in
research, diagnosis, and dissemination of information regarding foreign animal
diseases. Chuck Mebus has been a mentor to the two of us at various stages in
our careers and has always served as a stellar role model, good friend, and a
visionary regarding the larger picture of animal health. As it was done for the 6th
edition, we re-dedicate this, the 7th edition of Foreign Animal Disease, to him.
Corrie Brown, DVM, PhD, DACVP
Chair, Foreign Animal and Emerging Diseases Committee
Josiah Meigs Distinguished Teaching Professor
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, GA, 30602
Alfonso Torres, DVM, MS, PhD
Co-Chair, Foreign Animal and Emerging Diseases Committee
Professor & Associate Dean for Public Policy
College of Veterinary Medicine
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14850
5
FOREWORD
For more than a half century the “Gray Book” has been the key resource for
veterinarians, from private practitioners to federal, state and corporate practices
and students regarding foreign animal diseases.
The preparation of this book is a tangible example of the remarkable cooperation
between all the sectors of the U.S. Animal Health Association. Professionals
from academia, U.S. federal and state agencies, and a number of foreign
countries have shared their expertise and their time to create this seventh edition.
The Chair and Co-Chair of the USAHA Committee on Foreign and Emerging
Diseases, Corrie Brown, DVM, PhD, and Alfonso Torres, DVM, PhD,
respectively, have coordinated the compilation of this edition, with USAHA
acting as the publishing agency.
On behalf of the USDA, I want to express my appreciation to the leadership of
USAHA, Drs. Brown and Torres, and all the authors, reviewers and editors for
their selfless contributions. There are no monetary remunerations or royalties for
writing this book: its creation grew from the collective understanding of the
importance of sustaining a successful history of safeguarding all animal health
industries from animal diseases.
Dr. John R. Clifford
Deputy Administrator for Veterinary Services, and
U.S. Chief Veterinary Officer
Animal Plant & Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Washington DC
6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE – THE EDITORS………………………..…………. 3
FORWARD – USDA…………………………….……..………… 5
PART I – CONTRIBUTORS…………………….……………… 8
PART II – GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS……….………….. 15
1. Protecting the U.S. from Foreign Animal Diseases……………. 17
2. Diagnostic Laboratory Procedures and Interpretation…………. 31
3. Sample Collection: Species-specific list of tissues……………. 45
4. Shipping Diagnostic Specimens…………….….….….……….. 49
5. Animal Pathogen Disinfectants………………………………… 61
6. Mass Culling…………………………………………………… 85
7. Carcass Management………………………………………….. 93
PART III – DISEASES
1. African horse sickness…………………………………….…. 103
2. African swine fever…………………………………………… 111
3. Akabane disease……………………………………………… 117
4. Arthropod livestock pests and disease vectors.………………. 125
5. Avian influenza…………………………………………….…. 137
6. Babesiosis…………………………………………….………. 147
7. Bluetongue……………………………………………………. 159
8. Borna disease…………………………………………………. 167
9. Bovine ephemeral fever………………………………………. 175
10. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy…………………………. 185
11. Capripoxvirus………………………………………………… 189
12. Classical swine fever………………………………………….. 197
13. Contagious agalactia of sheep and goats……………………… 207
14. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia…………………………. 213
15. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia……………………..….. 219
16. Contagious equine metritis……………………………………. 225
17. Dourine…………………………………………………….….. 231
18. Duck virus hepatitis……………………………………….….. 237
7
19. East Coast fever…………………………………………….… 243
20. Epizootic lymphangitis……………………………………….. 251
21. Equine encephalosis……………….…………………………. 257
22. Foot-and-mouth disease………………………………………. 261
23. Getah………………………………………………………….. 277
24. Glanders……………………………………………………….. 281
25. Heartwater…………………………………………………….. 287
26. Hemorrhagic septicemia……………………………….……… 297
27. Hendra………………………………………………………… 301
28. Infectious salmon anemia……………………………………... 305
29. Japanese encephalitis…………………………………………. 311
30. Jembrana………………………………………………..…….. 317
31. Louping-ill…………………………………………………….. 321
32. Malignant catarrhal fever……………………………………... 325
33. Nairobi sheep disease…………………………………………. 335
34. Newcastle disease…………………………………………….. 343
35. Nipah…………………………………………………………. 351
36. Peste des petits ruminants…………………………………….. 357
37. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease…………………………………... 365
38. Rift Valley fever……………………………………………… 369
39. Rinderpest…………………………………………………….. 377
40. Screwworm…………………………………………………… 383
41. Spring viremia of carp………………………………………… 391
42. Swine vesicular disease……………………………………….. 397
43. Tropical theileriosis……………………………………..……. 401
44. Trypanosomiasis……………………………………………… 405
45. Venezuelan equine encephalitis………………………………. 411
46. Vesicular exanthema of swine………………………………… 419
47. Vesicular stomatitis…………………………………………… 423
48 Wesselsbron……………………………………………………431
PART IV – PHOTOGRAPHS
……………………………………... 435
8 FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES
I
CONTRIBUTORS
Corrie Brown
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, GA 30602-7388
Claudio S.L. Barros
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Santa Maria, Brazil
Rafael Fighera
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
Santa Maria, Brazil
R.O. Gilbert
College of Veterinary Medicine
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
Alan J. Guthrie
Equine Research Centre
Faculty of Veterinary Science
University of Pretoria
Onderstepoort, 0110, Republic of South Africa
Christopher Hamblin
94 South Lane, Ash, Near Aldershot
Hampshire, GU12 6NJ, England
9
Christiane Herden
Institut fur Pathologie
Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover
Hannover, Germany
Sharon K. Hietala
University of California-Davis
Davis, CA 95617
Daniel J. King
Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory
USDA-ARS
Athens, GA 30605
Peter Kirkland
Head, Virology Laboratory
Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute
Menangle, NSW, Australia
Paul Kitching
National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease
Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3M4, Canada
Steven B. Kleiboeker
Director, Molecular Science and Technology
ViraCor laboratories
1210 NE Windsor Drive
Lee’s Summit, MO 64086
10 FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES
Donald Knowles
USDA-ARS
Pullman, Washington 9914-6630
Hong Li
USDA-ARS
Pullman, WA 99164-6630
Susan Little
Department of Pathobiology
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, OK, 74078-2007
N. James MacLachlan
School of Veterinary Medicine
University of California at Davis
Davis, CA, 95616
Terry McElwain
College of Veterinary Medicine
Washington State University
Pullman, WA 99165-2037
Suman M. Mahan
Pfizer Animal Health
Kalamazoo, MI 49001
Peter Merrill
Aquaculture Specialist
USDA-APHIS Import Export
Riverdale, MD 20737
11
Jim Mertins
USDA-APHIS-VS-NVSL
Ames, IA 50010
Samia Metwally
Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
USDA-APHIS-VS-NVSL
Plum Island, Greenport, NY 11944
Bethany O’Brien
USDA-APHIS VS
Western Regional Office
Fort Collins, CO
bethany.o'[email protected]
Doris Olander
USDA VS APHIS
6510 Schroeder Road, Suite 2
Madison, WI 53711
Donal O’Toole
Wyoming State Laboratory
Laramie, WY 82070
John Pasick
National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease
Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3M4, Canada
12 FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES
Jürgen A. Richt
National Animal Disease Center
USDA-ARS
Ames, IA 50010
Luis Rodriguez
Plum Island Animal Disease Center
USDA-ARS
Greenport, NY 11944-0848
Fred Rurangirwa
College of Veterinary Medicine
Washington State University
Pullman, WA 99165-2037
Eoin Ryan
Institute of Animal Health,
Pirbright Laboratory
Surrey, UK
Jeremiah T. Saliki
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, GA 30602
Tirath S. Sandhu
Cornell University Duck Research Laboratory
Eastport, NY 11941
13
Jack Schlater
USDA-APHIS-VS-NVSL
Ames, IA 50010
Moshe Shalev
Department of Homeland Security
Plum Island Animal Disease Center
Greenport NY 11944-0848
David E. Swayne
Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory
USDA-ARS
Athens, GA, 30605
Belinda Thompson
Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory
College of Veterinary Medicine
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14852
John Timoney
Gluck Equine Research Center
University of Kentucky
Lexington, KY 40546-0099
Alfonso Torres
Associate Dean for Public Policy
College of Veterinary Medicine
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14852
14 FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES
Fernando J. Torres-Vélez
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, GA, 30602-7388
Thomas E. Walton
5365 N Scottsdale Rd.
Eloy, AZ 85231
William R. White
USDA-APHIS-VS-NVSL
Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
Plum Island, Greenport, NY 11944-0848
Mark M. Williamson
Gribbles Veterinary Pathology
The Gribbles Group,
1868 Dandenong Rd.
Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3168
Peter Wohlsein
School of Veterinary Medicine
Hannover, Germany
15
II
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS