Tài liệu Chapter 8A: Activities doc

Chapter 8A:

Activities

I. The Effect of Electrolytes on Chemical Equilibrium

¾ The concentrations and charge strength of

"spectator“ or non-reacting electrolytes

¾ The tendency to form precipitates will be

decreased with increasing ionic strength

1) interactions (but not necessarily reactions)

of the reactant species with other charged

species

2) interactions of the charged product species

with the spectator ions.

Examples:

¾ AgCl (s) <==> Ag+ + Cl￾Ksp increases with increasing ionic strength, so

AgCl becomes more soluble.

¾ H2O + H2CO3 <===> H3O+ + HCO3-

Ka1 increases with increasing ionic strength, so

the solution becomes more acidic.