Tài liệu Adobe Photoshop CS3 A-Z: Tools and features illustrated ready reference- P5 pptx

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196 Photoshop CS3 A–Z

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Paths

Menu: –

Shortcut: – See also: Pen tool

Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3

Paths are another way to select objects or

parts of pictures in Photoshop (1). Unlike

the selection tools which work on the

pixels in the picture the Path tools are

vector based.

The Shape tool uses paths technology to

outline the shapes it draws. This means

that no matter what size they are scaled to

the edges will always remain sharp. Paths

are made up of segments held in place by

anchor points and are drawn and modifi ed

with the Pen tools.

Once created a thumbnail of the path can

be viewed in the Paths palette (2), and from

here you can select a number of options to

apply to the active layer from a row of icons

along the base or from the arrow’s drop￾down menu (3). These options include:

fi lling the path with the foreground color;

producing a Stroke to add the foreground

color along the selected path and making

a Selection from the path.

A path can be moved to a new image by

dragging the original Path icon from the

palette and pulling it over a new image.

You can also copy paths from one location

and paste them into another using the

normal Copy and Paste options.

Paths are also used by designers who

turn the selection into a clipping path and

import it into a page layout. The clipping

path ensures everything outside the frame

appears as transparent on the layout. This

ensures text wraps around the subject

and that the subject blends well with the

layout.

To create a path quickly using the Pen

tool use the Quick Mask mode to paint

a mask around the subject. Magnify an

area and use the Eraser and Airbrush to

remove or add to the mask, then convert

the masked selection into a path. Paths can

be converted quickly into selections and

selections can be turned into paths.

After Fill Layer

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After Fill Selection

Pattern, Fill Layers

Menu: Edit > Fill

Shortcut: – See also: Fill command,

Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3 Defi ne Pattern

The Edit > Fill command is generally used

for fi lling layers, or active selections, with

solid colors, but the feature can also be

used for applying patterns to layers or

selections.

After selecting Edit > Fill, choose Pattern as

the option from the Use menu (1) and then

select a pattern from the Custom Pattern

palette (2). To fi ll a layer, select the layer

fi rst and then choose Edit > Fill Layer. To

restrict the pattern fi ll to the extent of a

selection, create the selection fi rst and then

choose Edit > Fill.

Photoshop also contains a Pattern

adjustment layer which can be used to

fi ll individual layers with patterns. Create

a Pattern adjustment layer by selecting

the option from the Layer > New Fill layer

menu or by pressing the Create a New Fill

Layer button at the bottom of the Layers

palette.

Use the Defi ne Pattern feature to produce

custom patterns to use with the Fill

command.

Path Selection tools

Menu: Enhance > Adjust Lighting > Levels

Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd Alt/Opt Shft L See also: Curves, Shadow/

Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3 Highlight

To edit a path you must fi rst select it.

Photoshop provides several options for

this task.

To select a path component, choose the

Path Selection tool and click on the path.

To select several components or segments,

choose the Direct Selection tool and drag a

marquee over the area. To add extra path

segments to those currently selected hold

down the Shift key whilst using the Direct

Select tool to pick more segments.

PATH SELECTION TOOLS

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197

Pattern Maker fi lter Menu: Filter > Pattern Maker

Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd Alt/Opt Shft X See also: Filters

Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3

The Pattern Maker feature creates tiled

patterns from selected image areas. The

tiles are not just created from the repetition

of the selected area but rather the sampled

picture part is used as a basis for the tile.

The fi lter features a dialog with full preview

and adjustment controls. The fi nished tiles

can even be saved as a patterns preset for

use later with tools like the Pattern Stamp

tool.

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Pattern Stamp

Menu: –

Shortcut: S See also: Defi ne Pattern

Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3

The Pattern Stamp tool (1) is nestled in

the toolbar with the Clone Stamp tool. The

feature works like the Brush tool except

that, instead of laying down color, the

stamp paints with a pattern.

The specifi c pattern used is selected from

the tool’s options bar (2). A range of preset

patterns is included with Elements or you

can create your own from a selection with

the Edit > Defi ne Pattern.

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PDF format

Menu: –

Shortcut: – See also: PDF Save As

Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3

PDF or Portable Document Format

(sometimes saved with a PDP extension)

is an Adobe multi-use fi le format that

can be read equally as well by Windows-

, Macintosh- and Linux-based machines.

The format correctly displays images, text

and formatting on the different systems

and is fast becoming a standard for press￾and web-based document delivery.

Photoshop can read PDF fi les and also

provides an option for output of image fi les

in the format. When opened, multi-page

PDF documents are displayed in the Import

PDF dialog, where individual pages are

previewed and can be selected for opening

(1). The PDP extension associates pdf fi les

with Photoshop while continuing to allow

the documents to be read with Acrobat or

the free Acrobat reader.

PATTERN MAKER FILTER

PDF fi le preview Menu: –

Shortcut: – See also: Bridge,

Version: Bridge 2.0, CS3 PDF Format

Bridge 2.0 not only provides large previews

of PDF fi les, but also includes the ability to

fl ip through the pages of a multi-page PDF

fi le using the forward/back arrows and

page number box (1). Clicking on the fi le

in the Bridge preview panel also displays a

magnifi ed loupe view of the page content

(2).

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PDF Presentation

Menu: File > Automate > PDF Presentation

Bridge: Tools > Photoshop > PDF Presentation

Shortcut: – See also: PDF Format

Version: CS, CS2, CS3

The PDF Presentation option creates a slide￾show saved in the PDF format. The dialog

for the feature provides controls for adding

pictures (1), ordering their display (change

the position in the fi le list) and applying

transitions (2) and timing (3) between

individual slides. With the options selected

the whole sequence is then saved as a self￾running slideshow. The Save Adobe PDF

dialog is displayed as part of the process

for creating the presentation. At this stage

you can alter the quality of the pictures

that are included in the slideshow and the

compatibility of the PDF fi le. The resultant

PDF fi le can be saved to disk or CD or even

uploaded to the web ready for online

viewing. The CS3 version contains extra

Output options including the ability to add

a variety of metadata to the presentation

photos (4).

Pictures can be included in the presentation

in three ways:

By multi-selecting their thumbnails in

the Bridge and then choosing the feature

from the Tools > Photoshop menu,

Opening the feature from the File >

Automate menu in Photoshop and

then Browsing for the images to be

included, or

Opening all images to be included in

the show in Photoshop fi rst and then

choosing the Add Open Files option in

the feature.

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198 Photoshop CS3 A–Z

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PDF Presets

Menu: Edit > Adobe PDF Presets

Shortcut: – See also: PDF format

Version: CS2, CS3

CS3 includes a PDF engine that ships with

a range of very usable generic PDF presets

(1) and also includes the ability to create,

customize and save your own specifi c

PDF output styles or presets (2). A preset

is essentially a collection of settings that

determine the characteristics of the PDF

fi le that you create.

The presets are used and managed through

two dialogs:

Edit Adobe PDF (Edit > Adobe PDF

Presets) – This dialog is used for managing

your presets. Here you can copy existing,

create new, load supplied, delete old and

save modifi ed PDF presets (3).

Save Adobe PDF (File > Save As) – The

Save dialog is displayed any time that you

have elected to output your current fi le as

a PDF. The dialog lists the presets that are

currently loaded in Photoshop and also

provides the option to alter any specifi c

characteristics via a series of settings

tabs (4).

Photoshop ships with the following PDF

presets: High Quality Print, Press Quality,

Smallest File Size and the industry standard

options of PDF/X-1a and PDF/X-1.

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Pen pressure

Menu: –

Shortcut: – See also: Brush tool,

Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2 Liquify fi lter

The stylus, or pen, which is used in

conjunction with a graphics tablet, has

the ability to alter the way a tool functions

according to the amount of pressure

being applied to the stylus tip. The Brush

tool is one such tool in Photoshop that is

especially designed to take advantage of

this function.

For example, the tool can be set to change

the amount of color (opacity) laid down

by the brush with the pressure applied to

the pen. Light pressure produces lightly

colored areas whereas heavy pressure

paints with the full strength of the current

foreground color.

Using a stylus and graphic tablet, along

with Photoshop’s pen pressure features

and some skillful manipulation of the pen,

will enable users to produce very subtle

hand-drawn gradient (1) and shading

effects.

You can attribute which characteristics are

controlled by pen pressure via the various

settings in the Brushes palette (2).

NEW for CS2

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PDF, Save As

Menu: File > Save As

Shortcut: Ctrl/Cmd Shft S See also: PDF format,

Version: CS2, CS3 PDF Presets

Though saving a Photoshop document

in the PDF format is nothing new from

CS2 a new Save Adobe PDF dialog was

introduced. It provides more choice and

control than was previously offered.

Here you can select from one of range of

preinstalled PDF Presets or even create,

customize and save your own options.

Standard and Capatibility options ensure

that the PDF fi les that you write will suit

the requirements of your customers or co￾workers and that the individual preference

areas (1) allow you to customize the quality

and security of your output.

PDF PRESETS

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Pen tool

Menu: –

Shortcut: P See also: Paths

Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3

Creates a path that can be turned into a

selection. It’s unusual to use at fi rst, but

spend some time getting familiar with it

and your drawing and selection skills will

improve tenfold.

The Pen tool icon on the toolbar has several

options. The fi rst is Pen tool which you use to

add points, known as anchor points, around

the subject. Points are automatically linked

to make a path. This is ideal when you want

to draw straight lines and smooth curves.

You can have as many anchor points as you

like and they can be removed by clicking

on them.

To draw a straight line, click at a start point

then move to the fi nish point and click

again. To complete a straight path click

the Pen tool icon in the toolbox when you

reach the end. To complete a round path

click on the original start point to complete

the shape.

The Freeform Pen tool is like the normal

Lasso tool and creates a path wherever you

draw. It’s like using a normal pen and is

very accurate, providing you are! Anchor

points are added along the path, and their

positions can be changed when the path

is complete. The Magnetic Pen tool works

like the Magnetic Lasso and automatically

locates high contrast differences between

pixels and lays the path along the edge.

1. When using the Magnetic

Pen tool move slowly so the Pen

locates the edge you’re drawing

along.

2. Hold down the Shift key to create a

straight line running at a 45° angle.

3. Click the Rubber Band box in the Pen

Options palette to see the curve of the path

you’re about to create as you move the Pen

tool.

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Pencil tool

Menu: –

Shortcut: B See also: Brush tool,

Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, Auto Erase pencil

CS2, CS3

The Pencil tool is a pixel-based tool that

uses the foreground color to paint with. It

works in much the same way as the Brush

tool, with the one difference being that the

pencil can only draw lines that have hard

edges.

Freehand lines are drawn by click-dragging

the mouse. Straight lines are drawn by

holding down the Shift key whilst click￾dragging.

The thickness or size (1), mode and opacity

of the line can be altered via the tool’s

options bar. Also, any brush that has a

hard edge can be selected for use with the

Pencil tool from the Brushes Preset palette

section of the options bar (2).

Perceptual rendering

intent

Menu: –

Shortcut: – See also: Color management

Version: 6.0, 7.0, CS, CS2, CS3

At various points in the digital photography

process it is necessary to change or alter

the spread of colors in a picture so that

they fi t the characteristics of an output

device, such as a screen or printer, more

fully. Perceptual is one of the four different

approaches that Photoshop can use in this

conversion process. The other choices are

Saturation, Relative Colorimetric and

Absolute Colorimetric.

Each approach produces different results

and is based on a specifi c conversion or

‘rendering intent’. The Perceptual setting

puts conversion emphasis on ensuring

that the adjusted picture, when viewed

on the new output device, appears to

the human eye to be very similar to the

original photo. So this is a good choice for

photo conversions.

The Saturation option tries to maintain

the strength of colors during the conversion

process (even if color accuracy is the cost).

The Relative Colorimetric setting

squashes or stretches the range of colors

in the original so that they fi t the range

of possible colors that the new device can

display. The Absolute Colorimetric

option translates colors exactly from the

original photo to the range of colors for

the new device. Those colors that can’t be

displayed are clipped.

Specifi c Intents can be selected as part of the

printing process via the color management

controls in the Show More Options section

of the Print Preview dialog (1).

PEN TOOL

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200 Photoshop CS3 A–Z

Performance

Menu: Edit > Preferences > Performance

Shortcut: – See also: Scratch Disks,

Version: CS3 Memory

The Performance dialog is a new addition

for Photoshop Preferences and brings

together options from the Memory &

Scratch Disks and Image Cache preferences

dialogs found in previous versions.

The Performance dialog contains four

different sections with settings that affect

the speed and effi ciency of Photoshop. The

sections are:

The Memory Usage section provides a

slider control for adjusting the amount

of RAM used by Photoshop. Thankfully,

suggested upper and lower limits are

also supplied. The total amount of

available RAM will be less than the

total installed on your machine as this

fi gure takes into account the memory

used by the operating system as well as

the Photoshop program itself.

All available local disks are listed

in the Scratch Disks section with

settings to select each drive to use as

extra disk-based memory. Options are

also included for adjusting the order

that they will be accessed. Wherever

possible you should place Photoshop’s

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Perspective, changing

Menu: Filter > Distort > Lens Correction

Shortcut: – See also: Perspective options,

Lens Correction fi lter,

Vanishing Point fi lter

Version: CS2,

CS3

The Lens Correction fi lter in CS2 and CS3

doesn’t just correct Barrel and Pincushion

distortion, the fi lter also contains

controls for changing the perspective of

the picture. This option is particularly

useful for eliminating the problem of

converging verticals that plagues pictures

photographed with wide-angle lenses and

the camera pointing upwards.

To correct the problem using the new fi lter

move the Vertical Perspective slider (1) to

the left to stretch the details at the top of the

photo apart. This change also condenses

the lower sections of the picture and in so

doing corrects the image.

Switch on the Grid display

and use these lines as a guide

when adjusting the picture.

Your aim is to align straight

and parallel picture parts

with the grid lines.

PERFORMANCE

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Scratch Disks on drives other than the

one where Photoshop or the computer’s

operating system resides.

The number of History States

and Cache Levels both affect the

performance of Photoshop. Selecting

a high number of History States will

provide more levels to undo but such a

set up will also consume more memory

and may slow Photoshop down as the

program pushes more processing

activity onto slower scratch disks. Cache

Levels affect the speed and accuracy

of screen redraws. Select more Cache

Levels for better quality redraws and

less for faster ones.

Photoshop can now take advantage of

the power of modern video cards to help

share the burden of pushing pixels

to the screen. The options available

here will vary according to the type

and power of the card you have

installed.

In addition to these specifi c performance

controls, the fi ne-tuning undertaken CS3

around emerging multi-core technologies

has resulted in general increased

performance throughout Photoshop,

Bridge and Camera Raw.

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