Sử dụng sách giáo khoa và chuẩn kiến thức trong dạy học lịch sử Việt Nam lớp 12

sir DUNG SACH GIAO KHOA VA CHUAN KIEN THUC

TRONG DAY HOC LICH SIJ VIET NAM LQP 12

O TS. NGUYEN THI THE BINH"

Diem mdi cuo Chuong trinh gido dye phd

thdng do Bd GDDT ban hdnh ndm 200d Id

dua chydn kiln thue (CKT), kT ndng vdo ndi

dung chuong trinh. Thdng 11 /2009, Bg bien sogn

tdi lieu «Hudng dan thyc hien CKT, kT ndng

mdn Lich stF (LS) (tCr Idp d din Idp 12), coi ddy

Id tieu ehi, yeu cdu cdn dgt trong qud trinh dgy

hgc Ijch su (DHLS) d trudng phd thdng cung nhu

Id CO sd d l kiem tro, ddnh gid kit qud hgc tdp

cuo hgc sinh (HS).

Trong qud trinh nghien eiru, ddi chilu SGK

Ljch su 12 vdl tdi lieu «Hudng dan thyc hien

CKT, kTndng mdn LS Idp 12' vd quo phdn dnh

cuo gido vien (GV) thyc hien CKT sou gdn mdt

ndm cho thdy, CKT dd giup GV xde djnh muc do

kien thue trong qud trinh dgy hgc (DH), gdp phdn

gidm tdi ndi dung vd ddi mdi PPDH. Tuy nhien, d

mdt sd bdi trong CKT cd ndi dung nhieu hon so

vdi SGK, hodc bdt di phdn kiln thue co bdn eua

SGK, gdy ro lung tung cho GV d viec xde djnh

CKT trong qud trinh DH. Vdy bdi gidng nen theo

CKT hay SGK? Phdi kit hgp su dyng hoi tdi lieu

ndy nhu the ndo cho hgp li de ddm bdo mye tieu

mdn hgc?

1. CKT, kinangcKsa chuong trinh mdn hgc Id

«cdc yeu cdu ca bdn, tdi thieu ve kien fhuc, ki

ndng cua mdn hgc md HS cdn phdi vd cd the dgf

dugc sou moi dan vj kie'n fhuc (mdi bdi, chu de,

chu diem, mddun^' (1). CKT duge th i hien qua

cdc muc do nhdn bilt, thdng hieu vd vdn dyng

kiln thire. Vdl CKT bd mdn LS phdl ddm bdo ffnh

chfnh xdc (phdn dnh hien thyc LS dung nhu nd

tdn tgi), ffnh dien hinh (kiln thirc tieu bilu, giup

HS tdi hien buc tranh sinh ddng cua qud khir vd

hilu duge bdn chd't cuo cdc sy kien, hien tugng

LS) vd ffnh ca bdn (kiln thue edn thilt nhd't giup

HS hieu dugc tiln trinh phdt triln hgp quy ludt

cuo LS nhdn logi vd ddn tdc).

Nhu vdy, neu SGK Id tdi lieu diing ehung cho

ed GV vd HS thi CKT Id tdi lieu viet rieng cho GV,

giijp hg xdc djnh myc tieu bdi hgc, muc do kiln

thue, nhdm dgt duge cdc yeu edu co bdn vd td'i

thilu v l kiln thire, khdng qud le thudc vdo SGK;

cd dilu kien d l vdn dyng sdng tgo cdc phuang

phdp (PP), phuang tien DH theo hudng phdt huy

tinh tich eye, chu ddng trong nhdn thire cuo HS.

Viec chi dgo DH, kiem tra, ddnh gid theo CKT, kT

ndng se « too nen sy thd'ng nhdf; Idm hgn chetinh

frgng dgy hgc qud tdi, dua them nhieu not dung

ngng ne, qud cao so vdi CKT, ki ndng vdo dgy

hgc, kiem fra, ddnh gid; gdp phdn Idm gidm tieu

cyc cua dgy them, hgc them" (2).

Tdi lieu «Hudng ddn thyc hien CKT, kTndng

mdn LS Idp 12" Id kiln thue «tdi thieu" md HS

phdi dgt dugc trong qud trinh hgc tdp. Id yeu

cdu, tieu chi d l kilm tro, ddnh gid viec hgc tgp

bd mdn LS Idp 12 cuo HS. Cdn kiln thuc trong

SGK Id kiln thue co t)dn nhdt, cdt ldi nhdt duge

lya chgn tir khoo hgc LS, Id ngudn tdi lieu cdn

bdn giup GV vd HS trong qud trinh dgy vd hgc

bd mdn. Do dd, kiln thuc trong SGK LS Idp 12

rdng hon so vdi tdi lieu hudng ddn, ddi hdi GV

phdi xdc djnh dung mdi quan he giira SGK vdl

CKT vd su dyng chung hgp li trong qud trinh DH

bd mdn.

SGK LS Idp 1 2 di sdu tim hilu LS th i gidi tir

sou 1945 din nay vd LS Viet Nam tir 1919 den

nay. Ddy Id thdi ki LS dong tilp dien vdi rdt nhilu

sy kien; sy tdc ddng, dnh hudng giira kiln thue

LS th i gidi vdl LS ddn tde rdt chdt che; kiln thuc

LS ed sy gdn bd hiru co vdi ehinh trj (5); ngudn tu

lieu phdn dnh LS phong phu, da dgng, nhilu

chieu; Id kiln thire co bdn, chu ylu nhd't phyc vy

cho cdc ki thi cuo HS (tdt nghiep THPT, HS gioi

qude gio, dgl hgc vd coo ddng). Viee GV su dyng

td't SGK vd CKT LS Idp 12 giup HS iTnh hdi kiln

thirc CO bdn nhd't cuo bdi hgc. Id co sd d l hilu rd

bdn ehd't cuo mdt gioi dogn ddy bien dgng vd

dong tilp diln cuo LS, Id «hdnh trong" quon trgng

nhd't d l HS dgt kit qud td't trong cdc ki thi. Viec

* Tnrcing fiai hoc sU pham Ha Npi 'UlKKi S»V

Tap chi Giao due $6 249 (kn - n/aoio)