Software Project Management for Distributed Computing

Computer Communications and Networks

Software Project

Management

for Distributed

Computing

Zaigham Mahmood Editor

Life-Cycle Methods for Developing

Scalable and Reliable Tools

Computer Communications and Networks

Series editor

A.J. Sammes

Centre for Forensic Computing

Cranfield University, Shrivenham Campus

Swindon, UK

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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/4198

Zaigham Mahmood

Editor

Software Project

Management for Distributed

Computing

Life-Cycle Methods for Developing Scalable

and Reliable Tools

Editor

Zaigham Mahmood

Department of Computing and Mathematics

University of Derby

Derby, UK

Shijiazhuang Tiedao University

Hebei, China

ISSN 1617-7975 ISSN 2197-8433 (electronic)

Computer Communications and Networks

ISBN 978-3-319-54324-6 ISBN 978-3-319-54325-3 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-54325-3

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017935573

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To

Zayb-un-Nisa Khan

On Her First Birthday,

With Best Wishes and

Prayers for a Long,

Contented and Happy Life

Preface

Overview

Software Project Management (SPM) is a subdiscipline of project management in

which software projects are planned, engineered, implemented and monitored. In

order that software products are delivered on time, within the allocated budgets and

fully conforming to the user requirements, it is imperative that software projects are

appropriately designed, managed and well executed, especially if these relate to

complex software systems. Many SPM paradigms have been suggested in the past

and successfully employed in recent years; however, with the advancement in

computing technologies, including cloud computing, distributed computing and

the Internet of Things, the existing frameworks and management approaches do

not necessarily satisfactorily apply. There is now a requirement for software to be

scalable, sustainable and suitable for distributed computing environments. This, in

turn, suggests a requirement for management methods with evolutionary life cycles

and software engineering approaches that take into account distributed working

practices and distributed team management working in virtual operating environ￾ments. It is for this reason that SPM is becoming an important research topic in the

field of software engineering.

In recent years, numerous newer approaches and tools for the development and

management of software products and projects have been suggested, some being

deployed with some degree of success to satisfy the requirements of scalability and

multi-tenancy. However, the research must continue to fully satisfy the require￾ments as briefly mentioned above.

With this background, the current volume, Software Project Management for

Distributed Computing: Life-Cycle Methods for Developing Scalable and Reliable

Tools, aims to investigate the latest management approaches to developing complex

software that is efficient, scalable, sustainable and suitable for distributed environ￾ments. The focus is primarily on newer methodologies with respect to management

processes. Emphasis is also on the use of latest software technologies and

vii

frameworks for the life-cycle methods including design, implementation and test￾ing stages of the software development.

Hopefully, this text will fill a gap in the SPM literature and practice by providing

scientific contributions from researchers and practitioners of international repute in

the fields of management and software engineering. Thirty-six authors have

presented latest research developments, frameworks and methodologies, current

trends, state-of-the-art reports, case studies and suggestions for further understand￾ing, development and enhancement of management approaches for developing

scalable and multi-tenant complex software.

Objectives

The aim of this volume is to present and discuss the state of the art in terms of

frameworks and methodologies for software project management for distributed

computing environments. The features that set this book apart from others in the

field include:

• Latest research, development and future directions in the proposed subject area

of software project management (SPM)

• Case studies describing challenges, best practices and solutions for SPM for

distributed computing environments

• Textbook and complete reference for students, researchers, practitioners and

project managers in the subject area of SPM

• Alignment of software engineering frameworks with SPM approaches using

latest technologies

• Corporate analysis presenting a balanced view discussing benefits and inherent

issues

Organization

There are 15 chapters in Software Project Management for Distributed Computing:

Life-Cycle Methods for Developing Scalable and Reliable Tools. These are orga￾nized in three parts as follows:

• Part I: Characteristics and Estimation of Software Projects for Distributed

Computing. This section has a focus on characteristics, perspectives and

estimation approaches. There are five chapters in this part of the book. The

first two chapters discuss the modelling of reusability and estimation of cost

and time for distributed software development projects. The focus of the third

contribution in the section is on functional size measurement of distributed

software applications, and the fourth chapter discusses the core characteristics

of large-scale defence-related software projects. The fifth contribution

viii Preface

introduces and presents software project management (SPM) as a distributed

service: SPMaaS.

• Part II: Approaches and Frameworks for Software Development and Software

Project Management. This part of the book also comprises five chapters that

focus on frameworks and methodologies. The first contribution presents

component-based reference architecture for embedded software development.

The next chapter proposes a 3PR framework for SPM based on people, pro￾cesses, products and risks, while the third contribution discusses a novel

crowdsourcing approach for software development. The fourth contribution

presents a migration and management approach for distributed environments.

The fifth chapter investigates a novel approach for modelling of large-scale

multi-agent software systems.

• Part III: Advances in Software Project Management and Distributed Software

Development. There are five chapters in this section as well that focus on latest

developments in SPM and software development for distributed computing. The

first contribution discusses an error proneness mechanism based on bird mating

algorithm. The next chapter presents a novel Scrum process relevant to defence

and security domain. The third chapter is on ontology annotation for SPM for

distributed computing environments. The fourth contribution investigates the

scope of Agile project management in an educational setting, while the final

chapter in the book focusses on SPM for combined software and data

engineering.

Target Audiences

The current volume is a reference text aimed at supporting a number of potential

audiences, including the following:

• Project managers and software engineers who wish to deploy the newer

approaches and technologies to ensure the development of software that is

scalable, sustainable and suitable for distributed computing environments

• Students and lecturers who have an interest in further enhancing the knowledge

of technologies, mechanisms and frameworks relevant to software project man￾agement (SPM) from a distributed computing perspective

• Researchers in this field who require up-to-date knowledge of the current

practices, mechanisms and frameworks relevant to SPM, to further extend the

body of knowledge in this field

Derby, UK

Hebei, China

Zaigham Mahmood

Preface ix

Acknowledgements

The editor acknowledges the help and support of the following colleagues during

the review, development and editing phases of this text:

• Josip Lorincz, FESB-Split, University of Split, Croatia

• Dr. N. Maheswari, School CS & Eng, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

• Aleksandar Milic´, University of Belgrade, Serbia

• Dr. S. Parthasarathy, Thiagarajar College of Eng, Tamil Nadu, India

• Daniel Pop, Institute e-Austria Timisoara, West Univ. of Timisoara, Romania

• Dr. Pethuru Raj, IBM Cloud Center of Excellence, Bangalore, India

• Dr. Muthu Ramachandran, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK

• Dr. Lucio Agostinho Rocha, State University of Campinas, Brazil

• Dr. Saqib Saeed, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia

• Dr. Mahmood Shah, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK

• Dr. Fareeha Zafar, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan

I would also like to thank the contributors of this book: 36 authors and

co-authors, from academia as well as industry from around the world, who collec￾tively submitted 15 chapters. Without their efforts in developing quality contribu￾tions, conforming to the guidelines and meeting often the strict deadlines, this text

would not have been possible.

Grateful thanks are also due to the members of my family – Rehana, Zoya,

Imran, Hanya, Arif and Ozair – for their continued support and encouragement.

Every good wish, also, for the youngest in our family: Eyaad Imran Rashid Khan

and Zayb-un-Nisa Khan.

Department of Computing and Mathematics Zaigham Mahmood

University of Derby

Derby, UK

Shijiazhuang Tiedao University

Hebei, China

xi

Other Springer Books by Zaigham Mahmood

Data Science and Big Data Computing: Frameworks

and Methodologies

This reference text has a focus on data science and provides practical guidance on

big data analytics. Expert perspectives are provided by an authoritative collection

of 36 researchers and practitioners, discussing latest developments and emerging

trends, presenting frameworks and innovative methodologies and suggesting best

practices for efficient and effective data analytics. ISBN: 978-3-319-31859-2

Connectivity Frameworks for Smart Devices: The Internet

of Things from a Distributed Computing Perspective

This is an authoritative reference that focuses on the latest developments on the

Internet of Things. It presents state of the art on the current advances in the

connectivity of diverse devices and focuses on the communication, security, pri￾vacy, access control and authentication aspects of the device connectivity in

distributed environments. ISBN: 978-3-319-33122-5

Cloud Computing: Challenges, Limitations and R&D

Solutions

This reference text reviews the challenging issues that present barriers to greater

implementation of the cloud computing paradigm, together with the latest research

into developing potential solutions. This book presents case studies and analysis of

xiii

the implications of the cloud paradigm from a diverse selection of researchers and

practitioners of international repute. ISBN: 978-3-319-10529-1

Continued Rise of the Cloud: Advances and Trends

in Cloud Computing

This reference volume presents latest research and trends in cloud-related technol￾ogies, infrastructure and architecture. Contributed by expert researchers and prac￾titioners in the field, this book presents discussions on current advances and

practical approaches including guidance and case studies on the provision of

cloud-based services and frameworks. ISBN: 978-1-4471-6451-7

Cloud Computing: Methods and Practical Approaches

The benefits associated with cloud computing are enormous; yet the dynamic,

virtualized and multi-tenant nature of the cloud environment presents many challenges.

To help tackle these, this volume provides illuminating viewpoints and case studies to

present current research and best practices on approaches and technologies for the

emerging cloud paradigm. ISBN: 978-1-4471-5106-7

Software Engineering Frameworks for the Cloud

Computing Paradigm

This is an authoritative reference that presents the latest research on software

development approaches suitable for distributed computing environments. Contrib￾uted by researchers and practitioners of international repute, the book offers practical

guidance on enterprise-wide software deployment in the cloud environment. Case

studies are also presented. ISBN: 978-1-4471-5030-5

Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architectures

This reference text, aimed at system architects and business managers, examines

the cloud paradigm from the perspective of enterprise architectures. It introduces

fundamental concepts, discusses principles and explores frameworks for the adop￾tion of cloud computing. The book explores the inherent challenges and presents

future directions for further research. ISBN: 978-1-4471-2235-7

xiv Other Springer Books by Zaigham Mahmood

Requirements Engineering for Service and Cloud

Computing

This text aims to present and discuss the state of the art in terms of methodologies,

trends and future directions for requirements engineering for the service and cloud

computing paradigm. Majority of the contributions in the book focus on require￾ments elicitation, requirements specifications, requirements classification and

requirements validation and evaluation. ISBN: 978-3319513096

User Centric E-Government: Challenges and Opportunities

This text presents a citizens-focused approach to the development and implemen￾tation of electronic government. The focus is twofold: on challenges of service

availability and e-service operability on diverse smart devices as well as on

opportunities for the provision of open, responsive and transparent functioning of

world governments. It is forthcoming.

Other Springer Books by Zaigham Mahmood xv

Contents

Part I Characteristics and Estimation of Software Projects for

Distributed Computing

1 Modeling of Reusability Estimation in Software

Design with External Constraints .......................... 3

R. Selvarani and P. Mangayarkarasi

2 Estimation of Costs and Time for the Development

of Distributed Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Manal El Bajta, Ali Idri, Joaquı´n Nicolas Ros,

Jose´ Luis Fernandez-Aleman, and Ambrosio Toval

3 Using COSMIC for the Functional Size Measurement

of Distributed Applications in Cloud Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Filomena Ferrucci, Carmine Gravino, and Pasquale Salza

4 Characteristics of Large-Scale Defense Projects

and the Dominance of Software and Software Project

Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Kadir Alpaslan Demir

5 Software Project Management as a Service (SPMaaS):

Perspectives and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Muthu Ramachandran and Vikrant Chaugule

Part II Approaches and Frameworks for Software Development

and Software Project Management

6 Component-Based Hybrid Reference Architecture for

Managing Adaptable Embedded Software Development . . . . . . . . 119

Bo Xing

xvii

7 3PR Framework for Software Project Management:

People, Process, Product, and Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Kadir Alpaslan Demir

8 CrowdSWD: A Novel Framework for Crowdsourcing Software

Development Inspired by the Concept of Biological Metaphor . . . . 171

Tarek A. Ali, Eman S. Nasr, and Mervat H. Gheith

9 An Approach to Migrate and Manage Software: Cloud-Based

Requirements Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Areeg Samir

10 A Novel Approach to Modelling Distributed Systems:

Using Large-Scale Multi-agent Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Bogdan Okresˇa Ðuric´

Part III Advances in Software Project Management

and Distributed Software Development

11 Optimizing Software Error Proneness Prediction

Using Bird Mating Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Amrit Pal, Harsh Jain, and Manish Kumar

12 Improved Agile: A Customized Scrum Process for

Project Management in Defense and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Luigi Benedicenti, Paolo Ciancarini, Franco Cotugno, Angelo Messina,

Alberto Sillitti, and Giancarlo Succi

13 Ontology Annotation for Software Engineering Project

Management in Multisite Distributed Software Development

Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Pornpit Wongthongtham, Udsanee Pakdeetrakulwong,

and Syed Hassan Marzooq

14 Investigating the Scope for Agile Project Management

to Be Adopted by Higher Education Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Simon P Philbin

15 Software Project Management for Combined Software

and Data Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

Seyyed M. Shah, James Welch, Jim Davies, and Jeremy Gibbons

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

xviii Contents