Sở hữu và kiểm soát súng đạn trong xã hội Hoa Kỳ

24 SO 09-2019 CHAU MY NGAY NAY

CHINH TRI - LUAT

s d HtTU VA KIEM SOAT SUNG DAN

TRONG XA HOI HOA KY

Nguyen Anh Hiing*

Tdm tat." Sa hieu vd sic dung simg Id mgt truyen thdng lau dai, gdn chat v&i tieng cd

nhdn, gia dinh trong xd hgi Hoa Ky. Tuy nhien, thai gian qua, tgi Hoa Ky viic sic dung

simg dgn hiea bdi da gdy nen nhiiu tdc dgng, dnh huang lieu cue. Trin ca sa phdn tich

ngudn gdc vd hau qud viec nguai ddn sd him simg dgn, ddng thai ddnh gid nhiing

chinh sdch vd biin phdp kiim soat simg dan cua Chinh quyin Hoa Ky nhiing ndm gdn

ddy, bdi viet dua ra mgt sd nhdn xet vi tinh trgng s& hiru vd kiim sodt siing dan trong

xd hdi Hoa Ky hien nay.

Tir khoa: Hoa Ky, chinh sach, xa hdi, sd hiru siing dan, kigm soat siing dan.

1. Nguon gdc va hau qua viec so*

huu Sling d^n d Hoa Ky

Ngay tir thdi ky kham pha, chinh

phyc va banh trudng lanh thd d Bac My,

siing da la cdng cu hd trp hieu qua nhat

trong qua trinh di dan tir chau Au. Sung

cung la vO khi hang dau, phd bien trang

hi cho luc lupng vii trang va dan chiing,

dung Ign chdng ddi sy dd hp, dan ap cua

Vuong qudc Anh, gianh dpc lap dan tdc,

lap ngn Hpp chung qudc Hpa Ky tir nam

1776, ban hanh Hiln phap nam 1787,

thiit lap he thdng eae co quan chinh

quyin mdi, ty dp va dan chii. Digu bd

sung thir II (Quyin giO va mang vii khi)

cua Hiln phap Hoa Ky dupe thdng qua

ngay 15/12/1791, quy dinh dam bac che

mpi cdng dan My dupe cd quyin sd htm

va su dyng siing: "Xet thdy lye lupng dy

bi cd to chuc nghiem chinh la rdt can

thiet cho nen an ninh ciia mpt qudc gia

ty do, quyin eiia dan chiing dupe giii va

sir dung vii khi se khdng bi vi pham"'

Ciing vdi sy phat triln, ldn manh, quan

trpng vg vi thg, vai trd va Jnh hudng,

Hoa Ky sdm trd thanh qudc gia hang

dSu thi gidi ve tigm lye quan sy, sd hCm

sd lupng khdng Id vu khi va trang bj

sung rpng rSi cho ngudi dan. Tinh din

cudi nam 1996, tai Hoa Ky ed khoang

232 trieu khau siing dupe biy ban hpp

phap hoac dupe ngudi dan sd hiru, sii

dung. Nam 2000 la 259 trieu kh4u sung,

nam 2007 la 294 tri?u khSu siing, nam

2009 la 310 tridu khSu siing^ nam 2018

la 393 trieu khiu sung', va nhu vay,

trung binh ngay nay mdi ngudi dan My

cd mdt khau sting.

Cude tham dd do Vien Gallup tiin

hanh nam 2004 eho thiy tai My khi do

' Vim nghien cicu Chdu My