Sản xuất phân hữu cơ từ bùn cống thải thu gom

KHOA HOC <6— HOH|

SAN XUAT PHAM HGU CO TU

BUN COIME THAI THU BOM

Bui Thi Nga1, L£ Nguyen Trung Khanh2, Nguyen XuAn Hoang1

t6 m tAt

D£ tai “San xuat phan huu ca tir bun cdng thai thu gonf dupe thuc hi£n nham dinh gia chit lupng phin huu

ca bun cong theo tieu chuan nganh 10TCN 526-2002 cua Bo Nong nghiep va Phat tri£n nong thdn. Vat lieu u

dupe phoi trpn theo ti le kho 1 bun: 0,56 rom: 0,17 phan ga co phun nam Trichoderma vdi li&i lupng 30

g/m3. Keft qua nghien cihi cho thay: sau 45 ngay u, cac chi tieu nhiet do, am dp, pH, phan trim the tich, ham

lupng cac bon, N-NH4* d cac nghiem thuc giam dan theo thdi gian; ngupc lai, tong dam, tong likn, dam nitrat,

lan dk tieu tang. Cac chi tieu khao sat a 3 nghiem thuc dat tieu chuan nganh 10TCN 526-2002, dac bi^t ham

lupng lan di tieu (1035,2-1293,8 mg P/kg) va dam nitrat (67,72-147,16 mgN03 _N /kg) a muc giau. Ngh^m

thuc 1,5 m3 va 1 m3 co chat lupng phan tuong duomg nhau va co phan vupt troi hon nghidm thuc 0,5 m\ D£

san xuat dupe 1 tan ph&n can co 940 kg biin cong thai (am do 30-40%) + 380 kg rom (am dp 10-20%) + 140 kg

phan ga (am do 20-30%) + 270 g nam Trichoderma vdi thdi gian u khoang 45 ngay va chi phi san xuat

1.400.000 dong/tan.

Tu khda: Bun cdng thai, nam Trichoderma, phan huu ca, quy trinh u phan.

1. flAT VAN BE

Lupng him cdng thai noi o thanh pho Can Tho

gia tang tu 6.360 m3 ldn 12.600 m3 vao nam 2007 ddn

nam 2012; Cong ty Cap thoat nuoc Can Tho thu gom

khoang 40 m3 bun/ngay tir qua trinh nao vet cdng

ranh va duoc dua ve bai chua voi the tich chua

khoang 10.000 m3 (Bui Thi Nga va ctv, 2013). Bai

chua bun se qua tai neu khong co giai phap su dung

bun hieu qua. Do vay, can phai co phuong an kha thi

xu ly, tai su dung luong bun cdng da duoc thu gom.

Theo N guy in Thu Hien (2012), bun cdng thai tai TP.

Can Tho co ham luong kim loai nang duoi nguong

cho phep cua QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT va QCVN

03:2008/BTNMT, mat khac thanh phan dinh duong

trong bun nhu dam (0,17-0,38%) d muc giau va cac

bon huu co (2,04-4,58%) trung binh, do do cd the su

dung lam phan bon. Theo D. Fytili, A. Zabaniotou

(2006) xu huong xu ly bun cdng thai la tan dung bun

de u phan compost. Nam Trichoderma la che pham

dang duoc ung dung rong rai tai Viet Nam va thd gioi

nho kha nang phan huy xenluloza, xac ba thuc vat,

phan giai hop chat lan khd tan thanh de tieu, thay ddi

ham luong set trong dat giup dat toi xop (Duong

Minh va ctv., 2003). Doan Thi True Linh (2012) da

nghien cuu su dung bun cdng thai phoi tron voi rom,

phan ga cd va khong cd chung nam Trichoderma cho

thay sau 60 ngay san pham phan cd chung nam

1 Khoa Moi trudng va Tai nguyen Thien nhien, Dai hpc

Can Tho

: Sd Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Can Tha

Trichoderma dat ti£u chuan nganh 10TCN 526-2002.

Nhu vay, nam Trichoderma cd tac dung tdt trong

viec phan huy cac chat huu co. De cd the tai su dung

bun cdng thai bang phuong phap u compost dat hi£u

qua va ung dung rong rai can cd quy trinh u phan vdi

thdi gian ngan, chi phi thap, luong san pham du ldn

va chat luong dat tieu chuan; do vay, de tai “San xuat

phan huu ca tir bun cong thu gon f da duoc thuc

hien.

2. VAT 1IU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHEN CUU

2.1. N0i dung nghien cuu

Bd tri thi nghiem u compost tir bun cdng thai

tren cac khoi u cd the tich khac nhau de xac dinh tdc

do hoai muc cua vat lieu u va danh gia chat luong

phan theo tieu chuan nganh 10TCN 526-2002.

Xac dinh gia thanh san xuat phan huu co tir bun

cdng thai.

2.2. Thdi gian va dia di£m nghien cuu

De tai duoc tien hanh tir thang 01/2013 den

thang 06/2013. Thi nghiem duoc bd tri tai ap Dong

Hung I, Dong Thanh, Binh Minh, Vinh Long. Cac chi

tieu phan tich do Bo mon Khoa hpc Dat - Khoa

Nong nghiep va Sinh hpc ung dung Dai hpc Can

Tho; Trung tam Ky thuat va Ung dung cong nghe

Can Tho thuc hien.

2.3. Phuong phap nghien cuu

2.3.1 Thuong phap nghien cuu

a. Chuan bi vat lieu

38 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2014