Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies

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)LJXUH Informal graph showing the history of machine translation 

)LJXUH The pyramid diagram, probably first used by Vauquois (1968) 

)LJXUH ‘A framework for mechanical translation’ from Yngve (1957) 

)LJXUH Two possible linguistic representations for the sentence The machine should be turned on 

)LJXUH Hieroglyphic forms of humans and animals on Stela D at Copan, Honduras 

)LJXUH ‘La Colombe poignardée et le jet d’eau’ by Guillaume Apollinaire 

)LJXUH ‘Il pleut’ by Guillaume Apollinaire 

)LJXUH Terminology 

)LJXUH Holmes’ map of translation studies 

)LJXUH Toury’s map of the relation between translation studies and its applied extensions 

)LJXUH Translator-training institutions: frequency of creation over five-year periods 

7DEOHV

7DEOH Typology of translation 

7DEOH Translated works published in Iceland 

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