Research on applications of tubular photobioreactor model using microalgae for shrimp culture in Ninh Thuan province combined with biomass recovery :Master's thesis - Major : Sciences and management of the environment

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN

SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY

AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY

THAN THI MAI

RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF TUBULAR

PHOTOBIOREACTOR MODEL USING

MICROALGAE FOR SHRIMP CULTURE IN

NINH THUAN PROVINCE COMBINED WITH

BIOMASS RECOVERY

Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF

THE ENVIRONMENT

MASTER’S THESIS

HO CHI MINH CITY, YEAR 2018

The project was completed at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City

Supervisor’s name: .......................................................................................................

(Write full name and signature)

The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City date . . . . . month

. . . . year . . . . .

Committee members (name):

1. .........................................................................- Committee Chair

2. .........................................................................- Commissioner

3. .........................................................................- Secretary

(Write full name and signature)

COMMITTEE CHAIR DEAN OF INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To complete a research project whether large or small, whether in the long time or

short time, is hard time and need help. During those hard times, I received a lot of help

and would like to send my most sincere gratitude to those helpers.

Special thanks to Dr. Le Hung Anh, Director of the Insititute For Environment Science,

Engineering and Management, who directly provide ideas and guidance I study

completed thesis. He always devoted his time listening and leading my ideas in the

right direction as possible. If not have great help in terms of expertise and motivation

from my teacher, I could not finish this research well.

Thanks to Prof. Jean-Luc Vasel, the consultant, was always ready to provide technical

support to me during the course of the thesis; Especially the person who is sympathetic

to the time delay and has many ideas in completing the thesis.

Thanks to the Renewable Project, a collaborative project between the Industry

University of Ho Chi Minh City and the University of Liège has provided a number of

tools, laboratory equipment and a part of the research cost of the thesis.

Finally, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my family, my friends who have

loved and supported me materially and spiritually during the course of the thesis.

Sincerely thank you all!

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ABSTRACT

In Vietnam, the aquaculture industry is still on the rise, bringing very high economic

benefits, especially shrimp culture. With high profitability, easy-to-grasp farming

techniques, the shrimp farming area is rapidly expanding in both quantity and volume.

The most typical are Ninh Thuan, Can Gio, Ben Tre ... are localities with many

favorable conditions of climate, location as well as hydrology. However, besides the

positive aspects of socio-economic development, too rapid development is not

synchronous and lack of management leads to many negative impacts on the

environment. Disposal of wastes from untreated shrimp ponds involves a series of

pollutants emanating into the surrounding environment, rapidly degrading the quality

of the environment, increasing disease outbreaks that occur in aquaculture ponds. A

number of research projects have been carried out to overcome and treat this source of

pollutants, but the combination of treatment and recovery of renewable energy from

this source of pollution has not yet been addressed. The thesis “Research on

application of Tubular Photobioreactor model using microalgae for shrimp culture

in Ninh Thuan province combined with biomass recovery” has made for the above

purposes. The thesis used two strains of algae net worth of biomass are Chlorellaa

sp

and Chlorellab

sp, was obtained from the Academy of Science and Technology of

Vietnam (18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi) to conduct the survey of average

annual lighting conditions in Ninh Thuan L8D16 and conditions optimal lighting

L16D8; survey on shrimp wastewater treatment capacity in Ninh Thuan and combine

biomass recovery. Results showed that two strains of microalgae were able to grow in

waste water in shrimp ponds and reduced pollutants by their metabolism. After 10 days

of culture in the laboratory, microalgal Chlorellab

sp was cultured at condition L16D8

in 100% wastewater on the Tubular photobioreactor with an internal loop air-lift (short

tubular) for biomass results and very good handling efficiency: The highest dry

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biomass obtained was 0,1g/100ml; The dry biomass after harvest is 9.2 times higher

than that of the initial stocking; The effective treatment of pollutants: 69,58% T-N and

92% T-P. With the initial results showing the feasibility of adopting the scale model,

the premise for the use of microalgae for treating aquaculture wastewater and receiving

microalgae for Targeted for the production of biofuels, fuel for the food industry and

medicine.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................1

ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................2

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..........................................................................................7

LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................8

LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................11

CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................15

1.1 Overview of shrimp culture..............................................................................15

1.1.1 Situation of shrimp culture in the world.......................................................15

1.1.2 Situation of shrimp culture in Viet Nam ......................................................16

1.1.3 Situation of shrimp culture in Ninh Thuan province....................................17

1.2 Origin, composition and properties of shrimp pond wastewater......................18

1.2.1 Derived Origin..............................................................................................18

1.2.2 Composition, characteristics of shrimp pond wastewater............................20

1.3 Biological methods for treating shrimp wastewater.........................................22

1.3.1 Method of using microorganisms.................................................................22

1.3.2 Method of using plants and animals to absorb pollutants............................23

1.3.3 Biology lake .................................................................................................23

1.3.4 Artivificial Wet land systems.......................................................................24

1.4 Overview of microalgae Chlorella sp...............................................................25

1.4.1 General introduction of microalgae Chlorella sp .........................................25

1.4.2 Development stages of algae populations....................................................26

1.4.3 Factors influencing the development of the microalgae ..............................27

1.4.4 Some forms of culturing microalgae ............................................................32

1.5 Model of the actual research.............................................................................33

1.6 Overview of research on Tubular photobioreactor of microalgae culture model

for wastewater treatment.............................................................................................38

1.6.1 In the world ..................................................................................................38

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1.6.2 In Viet Nam..................................................................................................40

CHAPTER 2 MATERIAL AND METHOD.................................................................42

2.1 Time and place..................................................................................................42

2.2 Material.............................................................................................................42

2.2.1 Shrimp waste water ......................................................................................42

2.2.2 Microalgae....................................................................................................42

2.2.3 Materials and Chemicals..............................................................................42

2.3 Method..............................................................................................................43

2.3.1 Specific research methods. ...........................................................................43

2.3.1.1 Sampling method. ..................................................................................43

2.3.1.2 Methods of analysis ...............................................................................43

2.3.1.3 The method of data collection................................................................44

2.3.1.4 Analytical methods for data processing.................................................44

2.3.1.5 Comparative method..............................................................................45

2.3.1.6 Microalgae culture method. ...................................................................45

2.3.1.7 Determination method of density, microalgae cell biomass..................46

2.3.1.8 Harvesting method .................................................................................46

2.3.2 Experimental design .....................................................................................46

2.3.2.1 Experiment 1: Determine the growth curve and linear correlation .......47

2.3.2.2 Experiment 2: Investigate the effect of light on the growth of

microalgae [33] ....................................................................................................47

2.3.2.3 Experiment 3: Survey of wastewater treatment capacity.......................48

2.3.2.4 Experiment 4: Microalgae biomass harvesting by centrifugation .........48

CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION..............................................................49

3.1 Determine the growth curve and linear correlation..........................................49

3.2 Investigate the effect of light on the growth of microalgae .............................53

3.3 Survey of wastewater treatment capacity.........................................................61

3.4 Microalgae biomass harvesting by centrifugation............................................64

CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................66

4.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................66

4.2 Recommendations ............................................................................................67

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REFERENCES...............................................................................................................68

APPENDIX....................................................................................................................73

APPENDIX A. SOME IMAGE DURING THE EXPERIMENT..............................73

APPENDIX B. RESULT DURING THE EXPERIMENT.......................................75

B.1 Optical measuring results and the density of microalgae ...............................75

B.1.1 Construction of growth curve, linear correlation .....................................75

B.1.2 Change the lighting cycle.........................................................................76

B.2 Recovery biomass...........................................................................................80

B.3 Changes in pH and temperature of the medium during culture of Chlorella sp

.................................................................................................................................81

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Chlorellaa

sp Microalgae Chlorella sp in fresh water (sanility 0-8%o)

Chlorellaa

sp Microalgae Chlorella sp in salt water (sanility 20-35%o)

L8D16 Condition culture have 8 hours lingting and 16 hours dark

L16D8 Condition culture have 16 hours lingting and 8 hours dark

OD Optical Density

PBR Photobioreactor

T-N Total Nitrogen

T-P Total phosphorus

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 The composition of shrimp wastewater after 3 months at the center of

aquatic seed production level 1, Ninh Thuan Province .................................................21

Table 1.2 List of equipment in the model ....................................................................36

Table 2.1 Parameter and Methods of analysis .............................................................43

Table 2.2 Nutrient composition F/2 .............................................................................45

Table 2.3 Measure the standard line OD......................................................................46

Table 3.1 Analysis results of wastewater through 2 times of culture of microalgal

Chlorellaa

sp ...................................................................................................................62

Table 3.2 Analysis results of wastewater through 2 times of culture of microalgal

Chlorellab

sp ...................................................................................................................63