Research on applications of flat plate photobioreactor model using microalgae for shrimp culture in Ninh Thuan province combined with biomass recovery :Master's thesis - Major : Sciences and management of the environment

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN

SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN

INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY

AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY

TRAN THI MO

RESEARCH ON APPLICATION OF FLAT PLATE

PHOTOBIOREACTOR MODEL USING

MICROALGAE FOR SHRIMP CULTURE IN

NINH THUAN PROVINCE COMBINED WITH

BIOMASS RECOVERY

Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF

THE ENVIRONMENT

MASTER’S THESIS

HO CHI MINH CITY, YEAR 2018

The project was completed at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City

Supervisor’s name: .......................................................................................................

(Write full name and signature)

The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City date . . . . month .

. . . year . . . . . .

Committee members (name):

1. .........................................................................- Committee Chair

2. .........................................................................- Commissioner

3. .........................................................................- Secretary

(Write full name and signature)

COMMITTEE CHAIR DEAN OF INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

A completed study would not be done without any assistance. In addition, the efforts of

myselves, there is the enthusiasm of teachers, as well as the support of family and

friends during the research master thesis.

First of all, I would like to express my endless thanks and gratefulness to Prof. Le

Hung Anh, Director of the Institute of Insititute For Environment Science, Engineering

and Management. His kindly support and continuous advices went through the process

of completion of my thesis. His encouragement and comments had significantly

enriched and improved my work. Without his motivation and instructions, the thesis

would have been impossible to be done effectively.

Thanks to Prof. Jean-Luc Vasel, the consultant, was always ready to provide technical

support to me during the course of the thesis.

I would like to state my thanks to Renewable project where supporting and creating

conditions for me to research easily and conveniently, laboratory equipment and a part

of the research cost of the thesis.

Therefore, I gratefully gives acknowledgement to their support and motivation during

the time of doing this research.

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ABSTRACT

The objective of the research is to evaluate the ability of shrimp culture treatment of

microalgae on flat plate photobioreactor models, from which large scale application in

Ninh Thuan. The research has designed and built the Flat Plate Photobioreactor model

with four different types of fluxes and artificial lighting systems.

The experiments have compared the efficiency of culturing these algae with the Flat

Plate Photobioreactor model in the same laboratory conditions and made the following

conclusions: The study examined a number of different lighting cycles. The lighting

period of 16 hourd and 8 hours produces better and better results in terms of culture

and harvesting of algae, but in reality the outdoor lighting only reaches 8 hours. the

study was conducted on 4 different types of aeration tanks, with data suggesting that

the Flat Plate Photobioreactor is the most efficient way of cultivating algae. The

removal efficiency of pollutants is as follows: Total phosphorus is about 80-85% and

total nitrogen is about 65-70%.

Research results show that Chlorella sp is capable of treating shrimp waste water,

opening up the direction of large-scale study of the topic.

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CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT..........................................................................................................1

ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................2

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................6

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................7

1.1 Overview of shrimp culture ...........................................................................................7

1.1.1 Situation of shrimp farming in the world ...............................................................7

1.1.2 Situation of shrimp farming in Vietnam ................................................................8

1.1.3 Situation of shrimp farming in Ninh Thuan province ............................................9

1.2 Origin, composition and characteristics of shrimp pond effluent ...............................11

1.2.1 Origins arise..........................................................................................................11

1.2.2 Composition and characteristics of wastewater ...................................................12

1.3 Biological methods to treat waste water......................................................................13

1.3.1 Use microorganisms.............................................................................................13

1.3.2 Use of animals and plants.....................................................................................14

1.4 Overview of Chlorella sp.............................................................................................15

1.4.1 Introduce...............................................................................................................15

1.4.2. Some forms of farming Chlorella sp ...................................................................17

1.4.3 Factors affecting the growth and development of microalgae .............................18

1.4.4 Application of microalgae ....................................................................................22

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1.5. Overview of microalgae application...........................................................................25

1.6. Overview of research on Flat Plate Photobioreactor model .......................................29

CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY....................................................33

2.1 Time and place.............................................................................................................33

2.2 Study materials ............................................................................................................33

2.2.1 Shrimp waste water ..............................................................................................33

2.2.2 Chlorella sp...........................................................................................................33

2.2.3 Experimental materials.........................................................................................33

2.2.4 Chemicals.............................................................................................................34

2.3 Research Methods........................................................................................................34

2.3.1 Specific research methods....................................................................................34

2.3.2 Method of data collection.....................................................................................36

2.3.3 Data processing methods......................................................................................36

2.3.4 Comparison method, data evaluation ...................................................................36

2.3.5 Method of determining microbial density............................................................37

2.4 Experimental design ....................................................................................................38

2.4.1 Experiment 1: Construction of OD growth curve and linear correlation of

microalgae. .............................................................................................................................38

2.4.2 Experiment 2: Investigate the effect of the lighting cycle ...................................38

2.4.3 Experiment 3: Survey of wastewater treatment capacity.....................................39

2.4.4 Experiment 4: Study on microalgae biomass harvesting by centrifugation.........39

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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.................................................................41

3.1 Experiment to build growth curve and linear correlation............................................41

3.1.1 Build growth curve...............................................................................................41

3.1.2 Linear correlation .................................................................................................43

3.2 Change lighting time cycle ..........................................................................................44

3.2.1 Chlorella1

sp .........................................................................................................44

3.2.2. Chlorella2

sp ........................................................................................................47

3.3 Survey of wastewater treatment capacity ....................................................................50

3.3.1 Chlorella1

sp .........................................................................................................50

3.3.2 Chlorella2

sp .........................................................................................................52

3.4 Biomass recovery experiment......................................................................................53

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................55

A. CONCLUSIONS...........................................................................................................55

B. RECOMMENDATIONS ..............................................................................................56

REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................58

APPENDIX............................................................................................................................61

A. Some images in the experiment ....................................................................................61

B. Appendix table of results ..............................................................................................63

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Number ABBREVIATIONS CONTENTS

1 Chlorella sp in fresh water Chlorella1

sp

2 Chlorella sp in salt water Chlorella2

sp

3 Flat Panel Photobioreactor Tank 1

4 Air-Lift Photobioreactors Tank 2

5 Flat Panel Airlift Photobioreactors Tank 3

Frame And Plastic Bag Tank 4

6 COD Chemical Oxygen Demand

7 BOD Biochemical oxygen Demand

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview of shrimp culture

1.1.1 Situation of shrimp farming in the world

Total annual harvests in the world today, including fishing and aquaculture, increase

over the years. Shrimp output grew steadily in East Asia in 2011, an average annual

growth of 6% from 2008 to 2011. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization

(FAO) estimated total production - including both natural and farmed fisheries - by

2015 would be around 7.1 million tons, up from 6.9 million tons in 2014. Whereas

shrimp stocks from the sea are near saturation, shrimp farming is playing an

increasingly important role in providing this kind of seafood.

Shrimp farming grows mainly in tropical countries, where favorable climatic

conditions, especially high temperatures throughout the year. About 50 countries

around the world are less likely to breed shrimp. However, large countries are

concentrated in two regions: Eastern Europe, including: China, Thailand, Indonesia,

Vietnam, India, the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan and the western hemisphere, including

Colombia, Mexico, Peru , Bazil.

In recent years, shrimp farming in the world has made great achievements, contributing

significantly to boosting the economic development of developed countries, but

accompanied with great problems are posed as The epidemic, especially early mortality

syndrome (EMS), is explosive in large areas, causing massive losses, the destruction of

mangrove forests, the pollution of water and agricultural land, and the environment.

degradation...

According to GOAL production fell from 3.45 million tons to 3.25 million tons in 2012

(down 5.8%) and 3.21 million tons in 2013 (down 1.1%) due to the impact of EMS in

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Central China, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia. Production rose significantly in 2014

to -3.49 million tons (up 8.5 percent) mainly due to larger harvests than reported in

China, Vietnam and India. Even so, output will fall again in 2015 due to low harvests

in China, Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia. [2]

1.1.2 Situation of shrimp farming in Vietnam

Large sea areas have created favorable conditions for the exploitation and development

of aquatic products in Vietnam. Shrimp are suitable habitats in brackish water areas

near the sea. With this feature, the Central, South Central (Khanh Hoa, Phu Yen, Ninh

Thuan, Ba Ria - Vung Tau ...), the Mekong Delta (Long An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre, Tra

Vinh, Soc Trang, Ca Mau, Kien Giang) is the most concentrated shrimp production in

the country.

The rate of surface water surface for aquaculture has increased sharply since the 2000s

with the total area of water surface for aquaculture is nearly 650 thousand hectares to

1054 thousand hectares by 2014.

According to the report, in 2016, the total output of aquaculture in the country is

estimated at over 6.7 million tons, up 2.5% over the same period in 2015. Of which, the

output of mining is nearly 3.1 million tons (up 1.7% over the same period in 2015),

aquaculture output is over 3.6 million tons (up 3.3% over the same period in 2015).

Seafood export turnover is estimated at $ 7 billion, up 6.5% over the same period last

year. Although in the early months of 2016, the fisheries sector has been affected by

droughts and salt water intrusion in the Mekong Delta, which has affected the planned

release of brackish water shrimp as well as the damage to farmers. However, the area

of brackish water shrimp farming in the country is estimated at 700,000 ha increased

0.72% of the plan. The production of brackish water shrimp is estimated at 650,000

tons.