Pracmatics through a historical synchronic perspective: "ben" in vietnamese from the xv to xvii centuries.

S5 2 (244)-2016 NG6N NGC & Dcn S6NG 17

DUNG HOC V6l MIEU TA DONG DAI LICH SU^:

Ttr «BEN" TRONG TIENG VIET

T f THE Ki XV DEN THE KI XVII

PRAGMATICS THROUGH A HISTORICAL SYNCHRONIC PERSPECTIVE:

"BEN" IN VIETNAMESE FROM THE XV TO XVII CENTURIES

NGUYEN VAN CHIN H

(PGS.TS; D?i hgc KHXH & NV, DHQG Hd NOi)

lA DONG

(TS; 0^i hgc KHXH & NV, DHQG Ha Ngi)

Abstract: The current paper examines the word ben (then) in some Vietnamese ancient

documents from a historical synchronic perspective. The meanings and usages of the word ben

has involved many processes, such as the temporal denotation; the causa! shading; the speakers'

evaluation on the anomaly and contrary which bypass the conditional and logical prerequisites;

and the loss of factors on epistemic state and the causal interaction in the epistemic development

causing ben becomes a word emphasizing on the exactness. The paper suggests that prospective

studies on historical grammar can provide profound and systematic insights into the grammatical

system in the past and pave the way to studies on grammaticalization and cultural-linguistic

textual analysis.

Key words: historical synchronic description; pragmatics; causality; conditional and logical

prerequisites; textual analysis.

1. Trong mOt bai viet trudc day, chiing tdi

dd cd dip phan tich vfi tft ben trong tilng Viet

hifin dai (xem 4). Bdi vifit nay di ngugc ddng

thdi gian, tim hilu vfi tii ben trong mOt trang

thai ddng dai lich sft: Ben cua ti&ig ViOt trong

khodng thdi gian tft the ki XV din thi ki

XVn. Ngudn tu lipu i^hao cftu cua bdi viet lay

tft mOt sd vdn bdn Ndm dd duge cdc nhd

nghifin Cliu Quic ngft hod.

bdn ngft khi dieu tra ngdn ngft dfi bifin soan

tft diln hay khdng. Xin dan cy the:

Bfin; mas, porem: fed. Ben chfta chung

tdi mas liura nos: fed libera nos. [1,37]

Phin dich ra tilng Viet:

Ben: Nhung. Ben chfta chiing tdi:

Nhung xin cftu chiing tdi [1,37}

Tft diln tft cl cfta Vuong LOc Id mgt

cdng trinh nhilu cdng phu, cung d p eho ta

Cd die thiy rang, su quan tdm danh cho mdt khoi lugng tii co khd phong phii, song

ben trong tieng Viet hien dgi dd it ma cang

ngugc ddng thdi gian lai cdng it di. Trong tii

diln Viet B6 La ciia A. de Rhodra, ben ehi cd

mOt nghia duy nhit dugc thu tiiap vd cho cdc

tirong duong Bl Dao Nha, La tinh vdi gid tij

ngft nghia, theo cdc tac gjd phifin dich bO tft

dien ndy ra tilng Viet hiOn dgi. Id nheng; them

nfta, trong todn bO tft myc lgi chi ed vdn v^n

duy nhat mOt vi dy ma ngft cdnh thi lgi qud

hpp, khdng dft dl xdc minh ^fiu kiOn diing

Cling nhu tmh xdc thvrc cua nd. Th|im chi,

ngudi ta cd tbl hodi nghi rdng, UOu A. de

Rohdes cd hilu dung tft ndy cua tieng Viet qua

su truyen dat dien ^di ciia cac cgng tdc vifin

ciing khdng thay ed m|t tft ben thuOe phgm

vi md ngft phdp quan tdm (chi cd mOt tii ben

vdi nghia Id 'cdnh hoa'). Cd le, ngudi dd

ddnh cho tft ben trong ngft phdp xua su quan

tdm nghifin eiiu rifing biet Id N.V.

Stankevitch. Song, nhiing nhgn xet cfta bd

nhdm vdo mat ngft nghia chftc nang ciia tft

ben, qua bdn thdo md chinh tdc gid gfti tdng

chiing tdi, cung mdi chi Id mOt ddi y buoc

dau, cd phin dai luge, gidi han trong mOt

nhdm ngft cdnh vd trong khudn khd khdo sat

mgt van bdn (Truyln Id mgn lyc gidi dm).

Cd the trich ra ddy nhiing dilm quan trpng

nhdt: