Phương pháp tiếp cận phát triển kĩ năng học tập hợp tác cho sinh viên trong quá trình dạy học

PHUDNG PHAP TIEP CAN PHAI TRIEN Kl NANG HOC TAP HOP TAC

C H O SIN H VIE N TRON G QU A TRiN H DA Y HO C

O ThS. NGUYEN THI THANH*

KT nang (KN) hpc tap hpp tac (HTHT) Id mdt

trong nhung KN hpc tap quan trong phu

hpp vdi phuang thuc ddo tao d dpi hpc

trong giai doan hien nay. Bdi, trong mdi trudng

hpc tap d dpi hpc, lap hpc mang dam tinh hap

tdc, ngudi hpc phdi tham gia vdo cdc hoat dpng

ddng vai, thuyet trinh, thdo ludn, seminar de gidi

quyet vdn de. Cach hpc nay ddi hdi sy tham gia,

ddng gdp true tiep cua nhieu sinh vien (SV) trong

qud trinh hpc tap, yeu cdu hp phdi Idm viec cung

nhau de dat duac ket qud chung. Nghia Id hpc

bdng each Idm (Leraning by doing) chu khdng

phdi hpc bdng each nghe gidng vien (GV) gidng

(Learning by listerning). Tu do, khd ndng tu duy

sdng tao, khd ndng phdn tich, tdng hpp vd khd

ndng gidi quyet vdn de cua SV dat duac cao

han hdn so vdi each hpc truyen thdng. Vdy nen,

day cung Id yeu cdu cap thiet ddi vdi viec phdt

trien KN HTHT cho SV de dam bdo sy thdnh cdng

trong hpc tap hien nay.

1. Canh tiep can phdt trien KN HTHT

a) Tiep can khai niem (hay phuang phap (PP)

tiep can cac thanh to thiet yeu). Sy thdnh thao

cua KN cd duac tu viec dp dung nhung dieu dd

biet vdo nhung tinh hudng dien hinh trong hpc

tap den viec thich nghi cdc tinh hudng rieng da

dang. Sy hieu biet khdi niem dien ra trudc sy

thdnh thao. Tiep can khdi niem ve phdt trien KN

HTHT ddi hdi ngudi hpc phdi ndm duac khdi niem

ve HTHT, each thuc su dung kien thuc dy. Tu dd,

hinh thdnh KN su dung, dp dung, thdm chi sdng

tao ra each hpc tap mdt each hpp tdc.

Myc dich cua PP tiep can khdi niem Id budc dau

cua phdt trien KN cdn phdi phdt trien kien thuc ve

cdc thdnh td thiet yeu cua HTHT, each thuc su dung

kien thuc dd trong bdt cu mdn hpc ndo, linh vyc

thyc hanh hay li thuyet vd ddi rupng ndo. Trinh dp

phdt trien thudn thyc cdc KN phy thudc vdo viec hieu

rd khdi niem, cdc yeu td thiet yeu vd viec thyc hien

chung mdt each chinh xdc, linh hoat vd sdng tao.

Viec su dung nd phdi trd thdnh thdi quen ben vung

trong ngudi hpc, thdm chi duac ngudi hpc thdng

tin cho ngudi khdc vd tao dyng duac mdi trudng

hap tdc khdc nhau trong cudc sdng nhu vdi ban

be, ddng nghiep, gia dinh sau nay.

b) Tiep can true tiep. De thyc hien dupe viec

phdt trien KN HTHT cho SV, trong qud trinh day

hpc GV phdi ddng vai trd het sue quan trong Id

chu the chu ddng tao ra mdi trudng, phuang thuc,

bien phdp hpp tdc. PP tiep can true tiep Id PP GV

tdc ddng true tiep tdi SV bdng each su dyng cdc ki

thudt, cdc PPDH hpp tdc, tao dyng cdc mdi trudng

hpp tdc vd cdc phuang thuc kiem tra danh gid

hudng true tiep vdo viec phdt trien KN HTHT. Cd

the GV tiep can todn bp chuong trinh mdn hpc

hope tiep can tung bdi hpc theo ket cdu HTHT.

Thyc te 2 each tiep can tren khdng mdu thudn

nhau md bd sung, hd tra cho nhau tao ra sy todn

dien trong qud trinh phdt trien KN HTHT.

2. PP tiep can tryc tiep phdt trien KN - ki

thudt thd nh lap nhom vd day hpc hap tdc

7) Ki thuat thanh lap nhom. HTHT chi dupe

dien ra khi cd nhdn SV ket hap vdi cdc thdnh vien

khdc cung chung sue gidi quyet nhiem vy hpc tap.

Cd rdt nhieu tieu chi thdnh lap nhom hpc tap, vdi

mdi tieu chi chung ta cd the hinh thdnh mdt mot

nhom hpc tap mdi. Cdn cu vdo myc tieu, ndi dung

vd dieu kien, phuang tien hien cd GV lua chon nhieu

each thdnh lap nhom khdc nhau cho phu hpp. Viec

su dyng da dang cdc tieu chi thdnh lap nhom cung

tao duac ddng ca, hung thu trong hpc tap ddng

thai Id ca hdi de SV ren luyen KN HTHT nhu: KN

thdnh lap nhom, KN giao tiep, KN xdy dyng bau

khdng khi tin tudng ldn nhau... (xem bang).

' Cau true cua nhom hgp tac: Sau khi thdnh

lap dupe nhom, cdu true cua nhom thudng dupe

chia gdm: + Nhom truang: Qudn li, chi dao, dieu

hanh nhom hoat dpng; + Thu ki: Ghi lai tien cdc

y kien thdo ludn cua nhom vd ket qud sau khi dd

* Truong Bai hoc Hong flue

Tap chi Giao due so 25 4 pa 2 • 1/201p